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長鏈非編碼RNA SNHG10對胰腺癌細(xì)胞的遷移及侵襲的影響

2020-10-09 10:12屈健鄭穎懷楊煉羅雪娥唐宏英
關(guān)鍵詞:胰腺癌遷移

屈健 鄭穎懷 楊煉 羅雪娥 唐宏英

〔摘要〕 目的 分析長鏈非編碼RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)小核仁RNA宿主基因10(small nucleolar RNA host gene 10, SNHG10)在胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer, PC)細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)水平,并觀察其對細(xì)胞遷移及侵襲能力的影響。方法 采用熒光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)檢測5株P(guān)C細(xì)胞(AsPC-1、Capan-1、CFPAC-1、PANC-1和PaCa-2)和正常胰腺導(dǎo)管上皮細(xì)胞(HPDE)中SNHG10的表達(dá)特征。采用pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體過表達(dá)SNHG10,以pcDNA3.1(+)載體為對照;采用shRNA-SNHG10載體干擾SNHG10表達(dá),以shRNA-control載體為對照。采用細(xì)胞劃痕和Transwell侵襲試驗觀察過表達(dá)和干擾SNHG10后AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞遷移及侵襲能力的變化。結(jié)果 SNHG10在AsPC-1、Capan-1、CFPAC-1、PANC-1和PaCa-2細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)水平均顯著高于HPDE細(xì)胞(P<0.05),并以AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞的表達(dá)水平為最高(P<0.05)。轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體可顯著提高AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞中SNHG10的表達(dá)水平(P<0.05),而轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA-SNHG10載體顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞中SNHG10的表達(dá)水平(P<0.05)。轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA-SNHG10載體可顯著促進(jìn)AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞的遷移及侵襲能力(P<0.05),而轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA-NHG10載體顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞的遷移及侵襲能力(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 SNHG10在PC細(xì)胞中表達(dá)上調(diào)。過表達(dá)SNHG10可促進(jìn)PC細(xì)胞的遷移及侵襲能力,而干擾SNHG10可抑制PC細(xì)胞的遷移及侵襲能力。

〔關(guān)鍵詞〕 SNHG10;胰腺癌;長鏈非編碼RNA;遷移;侵襲

〔中圖分類號〕R735.9;R285.5? ? ? ?〔文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼〕A? ? ? ?〔文章編號〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2020.08.008

〔Abstract〕 Objective To analyze the expression levels of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 10 (SNHG10) in pancreatic cancer (PC) cells, and to investigate its effects on the migratory and invasive abilities of PC cells. Methods The expression patterns of SNHG10 in 5 types of PC cells (AsPC-1, Capan-1, CFPAC-1, PANC-1 and PaCa-2) and a normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell (HPDE) was observed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The shRNA3.1 (+)-SNHG10 vector was used to enforce SNHG10 expression, and the pcDNA3.1 (+) vector was served as a negative control. The shRNA-SNHG10 vector was used to silence SNHG10 expression, and the shRNA-control vector was served as a negative control. The migratory and invasive abilities of AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells after knockdown and overexpression of SNHG10 were evaluated by cell scratch and Transwell invasion assays, respectively. Results The expression levels of SNHG10 in the AsPC-1, Capan-1, CFPAC-1, PANC-1 and PaCa-2 cells were significantly higher than that in the HPDE cells (P<0.05), and the SNHG10 expression of the AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells was the highest (P<0.05). Transfection of pcDNA3.1 (+)-SNHG10 vector significantly increased the expression levels of SNHG10 in the AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells (P<0.05), whereas transfection of shRNA-SNHG10 vector markedly inhibited the expression levels of SNHG10 in theAsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells (P<0.05). Transfection of shRNA-SNHG10 vector significantly promoted the migratory and invasive abilities of theAsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells (P<0.05), while transfection of shRNA-SNHG10 vector markedly inhibited the migratory and invasive abilities of theAsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells (P<0.05). Conclusion SNHG10 expression is upregulated in PC cells. Overexpression of SNHG10 promotes the migratory and invasive abilities of PC cells, while knockdown of SNHG10 inhibits the migratory and invasive abilities of PC cells.

〔Keywords〕 SNHG10; pancreatic carcinoma; long non-coding RNA; migration; invasion

胰腺癌(pancreatic cancer, PC)是最具侵襲性的惡性腫瘤之一,預(yù)后極差,5年生存率低于5%,中位生存期僅約為6個月[1]。PC以惡性程度高、易早期轉(zhuǎn)移及對化療的高度耐藥性為主要臨床特征[2-3]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)許多癌基因的異常表達(dá)或激活參與了PC的發(fā)生及發(fā)展過程[4]。然而,到目前為止,關(guān)于PC轉(zhuǎn)移的詳細(xì)分子機(jī)制仍不明確。因此,當(dāng)前研究迫切需要闡明PC侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的潛在分子機(jī)制。近年來,非編碼RNA在人類疾病模型中越來越受到研究者們的重視。長鏈非編碼RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是一類長度大于200個核苷酸但缺乏蛋白質(zhì)編碼能力的非編碼RNA,并已被證明在調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用[5-6]。迄今為止,通過染色質(zhì)特征分析和大規(guī)模測序發(fā)現(xiàn)了數(shù)千種lncRNAs,功能研究表明這些lncRNAs具有特殊的臨床意義,并呈現(xiàn)出不同的生物學(xué)效應(yīng)[7-8]。小核仁RNA宿主基因10(small nucleolar RNA host gene 10, SNHG10)屬于SNHG家族成員之一,是最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種新的lncRNA[9]。LAN等[10]報道SNHG10在肝癌中的表達(dá)水平顯著高于癌旁組織,并具有促進(jìn)肝癌發(fā)生及轉(zhuǎn)移的功能。迄今為止,關(guān)于SNHG10在PC中的生物學(xué)作用尚不清楚。本研究擬通過qRT-PCR檢測SNHG10在PC細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)水平,并采用基因干擾與過表達(dá)技術(shù)觀察SNHG10對PC細(xì)胞侵襲及遷移能力的影響。

1 材料與方法

1.1? 主要試劑及儀器

RNAiso Plus與PrimeScriptTM RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser(TaKaRa公司);Terra qPCR Direct TB Green Premix(Clontech公司);DMEM培養(yǎng)基(Gibco公司);青霉素和鏈霉素(Sigma公司);Transwell小室(Corning公司);基質(zhì)膠(BD Biosciences公司);引物與Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen公司);pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體、pcDNA3.1(+)載體、shRNA-SNHG10載體及shRNA-control載體(廣州市銳博生物科技有限公司)。5810/5810R高速冷凍離心機(jī)(Eppendorf公司);MDF-U538-C超低溫冰箱(SANYO公司);Prism 7900HT/FAST熒光定量PCR儀(Applied Biosystems公司);37XC倒置生物顯微鏡(上海光學(xué)儀器廠);Herocell 240 CO2培養(yǎng)箱(上海潤度生物科技有限公司)。

1.2? 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及轉(zhuǎn)染

5株P(guān)C細(xì)胞(AsPC-1、Capan-1、CFPAC-1、

PANC-1和PaCa-2)和正常胰腺導(dǎo)管上皮細(xì)胞(HPDE)購于中國科學(xué)院典型培養(yǎng)物保藏委員會細(xì)胞庫。采用DMEM培養(yǎng)基、10% FBS、100 U/mL青霉素和100 U/mL鏈霉素培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞,并置于37 ℃、5% CO2細(xì)胞箱中培養(yǎng)。常規(guī)傳代,接種,并取對數(shù)期生長的細(xì)胞進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染。細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染分成4組:pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體組、pcDNA3.1(+)載體組、shRNA-SNHG10載體組及shRNA-control載體組。轉(zhuǎn)染步驟如下:取AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞接種到6孔板中,每組設(shè)計3個復(fù)孔,培養(yǎng)過夜。待各孔細(xì)胞匯合度達(dá)80%時,依次轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體、pcDNA3.1(+)載體、shRNA-SNHG10載體及shRNA-control載體各2 μg,Lipofectamine 2000各5 μL,每孔添加2 mL DMEM培養(yǎng)基,培養(yǎng)6 h。隨后每孔更換2 mL DMEM+10% FBS培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h。收集各孔細(xì)胞,并采用qRT-PCR檢測SNHG10表達(dá)情況。

1.3? RNA抽提

收集約1×106個PC細(xì)胞,參照RNAiso Plus操作說明書,提取細(xì)胞中的RNA。利用紫外分光光度計測定RNA濃度,將OD260/280值在1.8~2.1范圍內(nèi)的RNA樣本視為合格,并放置于-80 ℃冰箱保存。

1.4? qRT-PCR試驗

參照PrimeScriptTM RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser操作說明書逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA。參照Terra qPCR Direct TB Green Premix操作說明書進(jìn)行PCR試驗。反應(yīng)體系及用量如下:2×TB Green Premix 10 μL,正反向引物各0.5 μL,cDNA 1 μL,PCR-Grade Water 8 μL。反應(yīng)條件為:98 ℃ 2 min,隨后98 ℃ 10 s,60 ℃ 15 s,68 ℃ 30 s,總共40個循環(huán)。以甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶GAPDH為內(nèi)參基因,引物序列如下:SNHG10正向引物5'-CCTCATCCTACTGCCTTACTATTGG-3',反向引物5'-GAAAGTCGTCTTCCCTCTTGTT-3';GAPDH正向引物5'-GATTCCACCCATGHCCAAATTC-3',反向引物5'-CTGGAAGATGGTGATGGGATT-3'。通過2-ΔΔCt法[11]分析SNHG10的表達(dá)水平。

1.5? 細(xì)胞劃痕試驗

將轉(zhuǎn)染后的AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞接種到6孔板中,以DMEM+10% FBS培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)過夜,待各孔細(xì)胞匯合度達(dá)100%時,用無菌的100 μL槍頭經(jīng)過各孔中心劃出相互垂直的2條劃痕,用PBS緩慢沖洗細(xì)胞3次,去除雜質(zhì)及被劃掉的細(xì)胞。隨后每孔更換DMEM培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h。根據(jù)細(xì)胞遷移情況在不同時間點進(jìn)行拍照,觀察和測定遷移距離,并計算劃痕愈合率。

1.6? Transwell侵襲試驗

將轉(zhuǎn)染后的AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞接種到基質(zhì)膠包被的Transwell小室的上室中,并在上室中加入200 μL DMEM培養(yǎng)基,下室加入500 μL DMEM+10% FBS培養(yǎng)基培。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)48 h后用無菌的棉簽擦掉上室中的細(xì)胞,采用4%多聚甲醛固定侵入下室的細(xì)胞,并采用吉姆薩染色,通過顯微鏡下觀察并計算各組單個視野中被染色的細(xì)胞個數(shù)。

1.7? 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析

采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。所有試驗至少獨立重復(fù)3次,計量資料采用“x±s”表示,并進(jìn)行正態(tài)性與方差齊性檢驗,符合正態(tài)性及方差齊性時則采用t檢驗或者單因素方差分析。如不滿足正態(tài)性及方差齊性時,則采用秩和檢驗。P<0.05時判定差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1? SNHG10在PC細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)水平

SNHG10在AsPC-1、Capan-1、CFPAC-1、PANC-1和PaCa-2細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)水平均顯著高于HPDE細(xì)胞(P<0.05),且SNHG10在AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞的表達(dá)水平顯著高于Capan-1、CFPAC-1和PaCa-2細(xì)胞(P<0.05)。見圖1。

2.2? pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10和shRNA-SNHG10載體對SNHG10表達(dá)的影響

pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體、pcDNA3.1(+)載體、shRNA-SNHG10載體及shRNA-control載體在PC細(xì)胞中轉(zhuǎn)染情況良好,效率均在70%以上。轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體能顯著提高AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞中SNHG10的表達(dá)水平(P<0.05),而轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA-SNHG10載體可顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞中SNHG10的表達(dá)水平(P<0.05)。見圖2。

2.3? 過表達(dá)和干擾SNHG10對AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞遷移能力的影響

與轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1(+)組相比,轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體顯著促進(jìn)AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞的遷移能力(P<0.05),見圖3。與轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA-control相比,轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA-SNHG10載體顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞的遷移能力(P<0.05)。見圖4。

2.4? 過表達(dá)和干擾SNHG10對AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞侵襲能力的影響

與轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1(+)相比,轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體顯著促進(jìn)AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞的侵襲能力(P<0.05),見圖5。與轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA-control相比,轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA-SNHG10載體顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞的侵襲能力(P<0.05)。見圖6。

3 討論

盡管目前研究者已經(jīng)鑒定了數(shù)千種lncRNAs,但是絕大多數(shù)lncRNAs在疾病模型中的作用仍然未知[7-8]。研究表明,一些lncRNAs可充當(dāng)致癌基因或抑癌基因而參與PC的發(fā)生與發(fā)展[12]。例如,YE等[13]報道lncRNA AFAP1-AS1在PC中表達(dá)上調(diào),過表達(dá)AFAP1-AS1促進(jìn)PC細(xì)胞增殖、遷移和侵襲行為。SHEN等[14]發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA XIST促進(jìn)PC細(xì)胞遷移、侵襲和上皮間充質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化能力。YANG等[15]發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA DLX6-AS1通過調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖、周期與凋亡而促進(jìn)PC腫瘤發(fā)生。此外,LIU等[16]證實lncRNALINC01207促進(jìn)PC細(xì)胞的自噬和凋亡。SNHG10是一種新的lncRNA,屬于SNHG家族成員之一。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SNHG家族成員與PC轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關(guān),LncRNA SNHG1在PC表達(dá)上調(diào)通過激活Notch-1信號通路促進(jìn)細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移和侵襲[17]。LncRNA SNHG7通過調(diào)控miR-342-3p/ID4信號促進(jìn)PC細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移[18]。LncRNASNHG14通過吸附微小RNA-101刺激PC細(xì)胞自噬來增強(qiáng)對吉西他濱的耐藥性[19]。盡管如此,關(guān)于SNHG10在PC中的潛在作用尚不清楚。本研究旨在明確SNHG10對體外培養(yǎng)的PC細(xì)胞遷移及侵襲能力的影響。

據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報道,SNHG10在多種腫瘤中表達(dá)上調(diào),如肺腺癌[20]、膀胱癌[21]和肝細(xì)胞癌[10]。本研究表明,SNHG10在PC細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)水平均顯著高于HPDE細(xì)胞,并以AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞為最高。鑒于上述結(jié)果,故我們選擇AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞進(jìn)行體外細(xì)胞功能試驗。隨后,我們使用pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體在AsPC-1和PANC-1中過表達(dá)SNHG10;同時采用特異性shRNA-SNHG10載體抑制SNHG10的表達(dá)。結(jié)果顯示,pcDNA3.1(+)-SNHG10載體可提高SNHG10表達(dá)水平50倍以上,而shRNA-SNHG10載體可降低SNHG10表達(dá)水平至0.25倍以下。細(xì)胞劃痕和Transwell侵襲試驗結(jié)果顯示,轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA-SNHG10載體顯著促進(jìn)AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞的遷移及侵襲能力,而轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA-SNHG10載體顯著抑制AsPC-1和PANC-1細(xì)胞的遷移及侵襲能力。這些結(jié)果表明SNHG10促進(jìn)PC細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移,這與先前肝癌中SNHG10的研究結(jié)果一致。SNHG10通過正反饋環(huán)調(diào)節(jié)其同源物SCARNA13(small Cajal body-specific RNA 13)促進(jìn)肝癌轉(zhuǎn)移[10]。

研究發(fā)現(xiàn),lncRNAs通過ceRNA機(jī)制負(fù)性調(diào)控微小RNA(miRNAs)表達(dá)而發(fā)揮生物學(xué)作用[20,22]。例如,lncRNA LINC00336在肺癌中通過作為miR-6852的ceRNA而抑制胱硫醚β合酶基因表達(dá)[23]。LncRNA

[15] YANG J, YE Z, MEI D, et al. Long noncoding RNA DLX6-AS1 promotes tumorigenesis by modulating miR-497-5p/FZD4/FZD6/Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in pancreatic cancer[J]. Cancer Management and Research, 2019, 11: 4209-4221.

[16] LIU C, WANG J O, ZHOU W Y, et al. Long non-coding RNA LINC01207 silencing suppresses AGR2 expression to facilitate autophagy and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by sponging miR-143-5p[J]. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology,2019, 493: 110424.

[17] CUI L, DONG Y, WANG X, et al. Downregulation of long noncoding RNA SNHG1 inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion by suppressing the Notch-1 signaling pathway in pancreatic cancer[J]. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, 2019, 120(4): 6106-6112.

[18] CHENG D, FAN J, MA Y, et al. LncRNA SNHG7 promotes pancreatic cancer proliferation through ID4 by sponging miR-342-3p[J]. Cell and Bioscience, 2019, 9: 28.

[19] ZHANG X, ZHAO P, WANG C, et al. SNHG14 enhances gemcitabine resistance by sponging miR-101 to stimulate cell autophagy in pancreatic cancer[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2019, 510(4): 508-514.

[20] LI D S, AINIWAER J L, SHEYHIDING I, et al. Identification of key long non-coding RNAs as competing endogenous RNAs for miRNA-mRNA in lung adenocarcinoma[J]. European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences, 2016, 20(11): 2285-2295.

[21] JIANG B, HAILONG S, YUAN J, et al. Identification of oncogenic long noncoding RNA SNHG12 and DUXAP8 in human bladder cancer through a comprehensive profiling analysis[J]. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2018, 108: 500-507.

[22] QI X, ZHANG D H, WU N, et al. ceRNA in cancer: possible functions and clinical implications[J]. Journal of Medical Genetics, 2015, 52(10): 710-718.

[23] WANG M, MAO C, OUYANG L, et al. Long noncoding RNALINC00336 inhibits ferroptosis in lung cancer by functioning as a competing endogenous RNA[J]. Cell Death & Differentiation, 2019, 26(11): 2329-2343.

[24] ZHANG J, CAI M, JIANG D, et al. Upregulated LncRNA-CCAT1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression by functioning as miR-30c-2-3p sponge[J]. Cell Biochemistry and Function, 2019, 37(2): 84-92.

[25] SHI L, HONG X, BA L, et al. Long non-coding RNA ZNFX1-AS1 promotes the tumor progression and metastasis of colorectal cancer by acting as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-144 to regulate EZH2 expression[J]. Cell Death & Disease, 2019, 10(3): 150.

[26] SHI W, ZHANG C, NING Z, et al. Long non-coding RNA LINC00346 promotes pancreatic cancer growth and gemcitabine resistance by sponging miR-188-3p to derepress BRD4 expression[J]. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research, 2019, 38(1): 60.

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