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乳癌病人術(shù)前外周血SII和ELR與預(yù)后的關(guān)系

2020-09-29 07:47金麗濤李福年

金麗濤 李福年

[摘要] 目的 探討乳癌病人術(shù)前外周血系統(tǒng)免疫炎癥指數(shù)(SII)、嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞-淋巴細(xì)胞比率(ELR)與預(yù)后的關(guān)系。方法 回顧性分析2013—2014年我院治療的260例女性乳癌病人的臨床病理資料,采用受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線確定SII、ELR最佳截斷值,將病人分為高SII和低SII組、高ELR和低ELR組,比較各組臨床病理特征,采用Kaplan-Meier法繪制病人生存曲線,Log-rank檢驗分析生存差異,Cox回歸模型對乳癌病人預(yù)后影響因素進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果 SII水平高低與臨床分期(TNM)、Ki-67陽性率密切相關(guān)(χ2=13.64、4.90,P<0.05),ELR水平高低與各臨床病理特征無相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。乳癌病人5年無病生存率為85.40%,高SII組和低SII組5年無病生存率分別為73.80%和93.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=20.84,P<0.05);高ELR組和低ELR組的5年無病生存率分別為87.70%和83.30%,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ2=0.96,P>0.05)。Cox回歸分析顯示,SII(HR=5.03,95%CI=2.30~11.04,P<0.05)、包塊大?。℉R=6.12,95%CI=2.33~16.07,P<0.05)、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)量(HR=4.40,95%CI=1.01~19.18,P<0.05)對乳癌病人復(fù)發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)移影響有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。結(jié)論 術(shù)前SII可作為預(yù)測乳癌預(yù)后的獨立因素,高SII值提示預(yù)后不良;而ELR不能作為預(yù)測乳癌預(yù)后的因素。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 乳房腫瘤;系統(tǒng)免疫炎癥指數(shù);嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞-淋巴細(xì)胞比率;預(yù)后

[中圖分類號] R737.9 ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A ?[文章編號] 2096-5532(2020)05-0571-05

doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.129 [開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID)]

[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the association of preoperative systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and eosinophil-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) in peripheral blood with the prognosis of breast cancer patients. ?Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinicopathological data of 260 female patients with breast cancer who underwent treatment in our hospital from 2013 to 2014. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of SII and ELR, and then the patients were divided into high and low SII groups and high and low ELR groups. The clinicopathological features were compared between groups. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves, the Log-rank test was used for survival difference analysis, and the Cox regression model was used to investigate the influencing factors for the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. ?Results The level of SII was closely associated with clinical stage (TNM) and positive rate of Ki-67 (χ2=13.64,4.90;P<0.05), while there was no correlation between the level of ELR and clinicopathological features (P>0.05). The 5 year disease-free survival rate was 85.40% for all 260 breast cancer patients, and there was a significant difference in 5 year disease-free survival rate between the high SII group and the low SII group (73.80% vs 93.00%,χ2=20.84,P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in 5 year disease-free survival rate between the high ELR group and the low ELR group (87.70% vs 83.30%,χ2=0.96,P>0.05). The Cox regression analysis showed that SII (HR=5.03,95%CI=2.30-11.04,P<0.05), tumor size (HR=6.12,95%CI=2.33-16.07,P<0.05), and number of lymph node metastases (HR=4.40,95%CI=1.01-19.18,P<0.05) had significant influence on recurrence and metastasis in patients with breast cancer. ?Conclusion Preoperative SII can be used as an independent predictive factor for the prognosis of breast cancer, and high SII value indicates poor prognosis, while ELR cannot be used as a predictive factor for the prognosis of breast cancer.

SII、ELR是基于中性粒細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞、血小板計數(shù)的綜合指標(biāo),SII、ELR影響惡性腫瘤病人的預(yù)后與外周血中性粒細(xì)胞、血小板、淋巴細(xì)胞等指標(biāo)的變化有關(guān)。近年研究發(fā)現(xiàn),中性粒細(xì)胞與腫瘤之間存在密切關(guān)系,中性粒細(xì)胞具有腫瘤促進(jìn)作用。其腫瘤促進(jìn)作用主要表現(xiàn)在以下方面:①腫瘤細(xì)胞異位分泌粒系集落刺激因子導(dǎo)致中性粒細(xì)胞數(shù)量增加,增多的中性粒細(xì)胞分泌大量血管內(nèi)皮生長因子,為腫瘤細(xì)胞生長和增殖提供有利條件[10-11];②中性粒細(xì)胞釋放中性粒細(xì)胞彈性蛋白酶,其進(jìn)入腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)涵體直接誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖[12];③中性粒細(xì)胞在TGF-β刺激下釋放一氧化氮合成酶或精氨酸酶,抑制CD8+T淋巴細(xì)胞抗腫瘤反應(yīng),促進(jìn)腫瘤增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移[13-15]。

有研究顯示,血小板不僅參與機(jī)體生理性凝血過程,還參與了腫瘤的生長與擴(kuò)散,血小板對腫瘤生長、擴(kuò)散的影響主要表現(xiàn)在以下方面[16-17]:腫瘤細(xì)胞可以通過直接接觸或釋放ADP、凝血酶、TXA2或腫瘤相關(guān)蛋白酶等刺激血小板活化,活化的血小板能釋放溶血磷脂酸,溶血磷脂酸會增強(qiáng)腫瘤細(xì)胞的侵襲性和血管通透性;同時,血小板通過血小板衍生的TGF-β下調(diào)NK細(xì)胞活化的免疫受體自然殺傷細(xì)胞活化受體2D(NKG2D)表達(dá),抑制NK細(xì)胞活性,促進(jìn)腫瘤生長、增殖[18-21]。晚期惡性腫瘤病人常伴血小板增多。

淋巴細(xì)胞是機(jī)體細(xì)胞免疫的主要成分,在腫瘤免疫監(jiān)視中發(fā)揮巨大作用,腫瘤浸潤性淋巴細(xì)胞減少,相應(yīng)免疫應(yīng)答激活減少,機(jī)體抗腫瘤作用下降,增加腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移和復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險[22]。惡性腫瘤促進(jìn)了炎癥反應(yīng),同時持續(xù)的機(jī)體炎癥狀態(tài)為惡性腫瘤進(jìn)展提供了適宜的微環(huán)境[23-24]?;谏鲜鰴C(jī)制,較高的SII促進(jìn)腫瘤血管生成、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移,從而導(dǎo)致乳癌病人預(yù)后較差。

本研究結(jié)果顯示,ELR與乳癌病人預(yù)后無相關(guān)性,可能與嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞對腫瘤進(jìn)展發(fā)揮雙重作用有關(guān)。有研究表明,嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞能夠誘導(dǎo)各種腫瘤細(xì)胞死亡,其機(jī)制是嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞具有與細(xì)胞毒性T淋巴細(xì)胞相同的受體和遞質(zhì),因而能發(fā)揮抗腫瘤的作用。又有研究表明,嗜酸性粒細(xì)胞可能通過合成多種促血管生成因子(如血管內(nèi)皮生長因子、成纖維細(xì)胞生長因子-2和IL-8)促進(jìn)腫瘤生長[25-29]。

本文研究分析了SII、ELR與乳癌病人臨床病理特征的關(guān)系,結(jié)果顯示,SII與乳癌病人的Ki-67陽性率和臨床分期相關(guān),提示SII參與了腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展;而ELR與各臨床病理特征無相關(guān)性。本研究進(jìn)一步分析顯示,術(shù)前ELR與乳癌病人無病生存率無相關(guān)性,但SII與乳癌病人的無病生存率有顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系。這與ZHANG等[30]的研究結(jié)果相似。HUANG等[9]對458例宮頸癌病人回顧性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),SII是宮頸癌的獨立不良預(yù)后因素,高水平SII的宮頸癌病人無病生存率較低且腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)或轉(zhuǎn)移的概率較高。以上結(jié)果說明SII是預(yù)測乳癌無病生存率的獨立因素,可以作為評估乳癌病人預(yù)后依據(jù)之一,高SII值提示預(yù)后不良。

本研究將腫瘤臨床分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)量、SII、ELR、HER-2、ER、Ki-67、年齡等納入Cox回歸模型進(jìn)行多因素分析,其結(jié)果顯示,高SII、包塊大小>2 cm、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)量≥4為影響乳癌病人預(yù)后的獨立危險因素,而在包塊大小、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)量一定的情形下,高SII病人復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險是低SII者的5.03倍;在SII、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)量一定情形下,包塊大小>2 cm病人復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險是包塊大小≤2 cm者的6.12倍;若SII、包塊大小一定,淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)量≥4者的復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險是淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)量<4病人的4.40倍。

本研究采用ROC曲線對SII、ELR預(yù)測復(fù)發(fā)風(fēng)險的診斷價值進(jìn)行分析,AUC越大,其診斷價值越高。結(jié)果顯示,SII的AUC為0.71,靈敏度和特異度分別為0.71和0.66,SII的AUC>0.7,表明SII對乳癌病人預(yù)后具有較好的預(yù)測價值;而ELR的AUC為0.49,其靈敏度和特異度分別為0.63和0.48,ELR的AUC<0.7,表明ELR對乳癌病人預(yù)后的預(yù)測價值較差。

綜上所述,術(shù)前外周血SII是乳癌術(shù)后病人預(yù)后評估指標(biāo)之一,術(shù)前高SII病人更容易發(fā)生復(fù)發(fā)和轉(zhuǎn)移,SII為乳癌病人預(yù)后的影響因素。而ELR不能作為預(yù)測乳癌預(yù)后的指標(biāo)。本研究存在一定局限性:首先,本文研究對象均來自同一機(jī)構(gòu),存在選擇偏倚;其次,本研究是回顧性分析,尚需前瞻性臨床試驗進(jìn)一步驗證。

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(本文編輯 黃建鄉(xiāng))