韓易 劉守勝 趙真真 辛永寧 宣世英
[摘要] 目的 探討青島漢族人群中FABP2 rs1799883基因多態(tài)性與非乙醇性脂肪性肝?。∟AFLD)以及冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。–AD)的相關性。方法 納入在青島市市立醫(yī)院就診的296例住院病人,分為NAFLD組、CAD組、NAFLD合并CAD(合并組),以104名健康體檢者作為對照組。采集臨床信息,同時用聚合酶鏈反應(PCR)方法和質(zhì)譜測序進行基因型檢測。采用非條件Logistic回歸模型分析基因型和等位基因與患病風險的關系。結(jié)果 FABP2 rs1799883的基因型分布在NAFLD組與對照組、合并組與對照組、合并組與NAFLD組間差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義,而在CAD組與對照組間差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=6.495,P<0.05)。4組FABP2 rs1799883等位基因頻率比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。Logistic回歸分析顯示,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883 CT+TT基因型與CAD的發(fā)病風險顯著相關,是CAD的保護因素(OR=0.50,95%CI=0.29~0.87,P<0.05);對性別、年齡進行校正后,CT+TT基因型仍然與CAD發(fā)病風險相關(OR=0.46,95%CI=0.24~0.90,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 在青島漢族人群中,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883基因多態(tài)性與NAFLD以及NAFLD合并CAD的發(fā)病風險無明顯相關性,但其CT+TT基因型與CAD的發(fā)病風險相關,是CAD的一種保護性因素。
[關鍵詞] 脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白質(zhì)類;多態(tài)性,單核苷酸;非乙醇性脂肪性肝病;冠心病;青島
[中圖分類號] R575.5;R541.4 ?[文獻標志碼] A ?[文章編號] 2096-5532(2020)05-0549-05
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.171 [開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID)]
[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the association of FABP2 rs1799883 gene polymorphism with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Chinese Han population in Qingdao, China. ?Methods A total of 296 inpatients admitted to Qingdao Municipal Hospital were included and divided into NAFLD group, CAD group, and NAFLD with CAD group. Another 104 healthy individuals who underwent physical examination were included as control group. After collection of clinical information, PCR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to determine the genotype of FABP2 rs1799883. The unconditional Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship of genotype and allele with disease risk. ?Results The genotype distribution of FABP2 rs1799883 was not significantly different between the NAFLD group and the control group, between the NAFLD with CAD group and the control group, and between the NAFLD with CAD group and the NAFLD group, but was significantly different between the CAD group and the control group (χ2=6.495,P<0.05). The allele frequency of FABP2 rs1799883 showed no significant difference between the four groups (P>0.05). The logistic regression analysis showed that FABP2 rs1799883 CT+TT genotype was significantly associated with the risk of CAD and was a protective factor against CAD (OR=0.50,95%CI=0.29-0.87,P<0.05). After adjustment for sex and age, CT+TT genotype was still associated with the risk of CAD (OR=0.46,95%CI=0.24-0.90,P<0.05). ?Conclusion Among the Chinese Han population in Qingdao, the FABP2 rs1799883 gene polymorphism is not significantly associated with the risk of NAFLD or NAFLD with CAD, but its CT+TT genotype is associated with the risk of CAD and is a protective factor against CAD.
[KEY WORDS] fatty acid-binding proteins; polymorphism, single nucleotide; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; coronary disease; Qingdao
非乙醇性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是指除乙醇外,由其他明確肝損傷因素所致的以肝細胞內(nèi)脂肪過度沉積為主要特征的臨床病理綜合征。NAFLD的發(fā)展呈現(xiàn)一系列病理特征,包括單純性非乙醇性脂肪肝、非乙醇性脂肪性肝炎、肝纖維化等,最終發(fā)展為肝癌[1]。近年來,NAFLD的患病率逐年上升,亞洲NAFLD患病率從2016年的27.4%上升到2019年的29.8%[2-3]。NAFLD的發(fā)生發(fā)展與2型糖尿病、肥胖等代謝綜合征密切相關[3],其影響因素包括炎癥、免疫、代謝、脂毒性、纖維化和基因等[4]。冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。–AD)是指因冠狀動脈發(fā)生管腔內(nèi)狹窄或閉塞,繼而致使心肌缺血或壞死所引起的心臟病。CAD的發(fā)病機制尚不完全明確。代謝綜合征以及血脂水平的升高與CAD的發(fā)病風險明顯相關[5]。
FABP2基因?qū)儆贔ABP基因超家族,主要在小腸上皮細胞中表達,編碼為包含132個氨基酸殘基的分子量為15 100的腸道脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白。而后者可以選擇性結(jié)合未酯化的長鏈脂肪酸及其他配體,負責攝取膳食中的游離脂肪酸[6]。已有多項研究結(jié)果表明,F(xiàn)ABP2調(diào)控人體脂肪代謝,可以促進腸道n-3多不飽和脂肪酸吸收,介導三酰甘油(TG)合成膽固醇[7-9]。FABP2基因多態(tài)性還與2型糖尿病相關[10-15]。FABP2與NAFLD、CAD的發(fā)病也有相關性。中國福建的一項研究顯示,F(xiàn)ABP2等位基因為A和T及TT基因型有更高的NAFLD風險[16]。美國的一項研究表明,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883 T等位基因攜帶者有更高的心肌梗死風險[17]。墨西哥的一項研究顯示,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883 T等位基因攜帶者比非攜帶者有更高的心血管疾病風險[18]。在中國,尚無FABP2 rs1799883基因與CAD關系的研究報道。本研究對FABP2 rs1799883基因多態(tài)性與青島漢族人群NAFLD和CAD發(fā)病風險的相關性進行探討,從而為研究NAFLD、CAD的相關遺傳發(fā)病機制提供新思路,并為將來可能實現(xiàn)的個體化基因治療鋪路。
1 對象與方法
1.1 研究對象
在醫(yī)院倫理委員會的許可下,選取2018年1月—2019年9月于青島市市立醫(yī)院住院的病人296例,其中NAFLD病人90例(NAFLD組,B組)、CAD病人99例(CAD組,C組)、NAFLD合并CAD病人107例(NAFLD合并CAD組,簡稱合并組,D組);同時納入104名健康體檢者作為對照組(A組)。NAFLD診斷符合《非酒精性脂肪性肝病防治指南》的標準[19]并經(jīng)B型超聲檢查證實。CAD經(jīng)冠狀動脈或其分支的冠狀動脈造影診斷。同時排除乙醇性肝炎、病毒性和自身免疫性肝炎、藥物性肝炎、妊娠急性脂肪肝等其他原因引起的肝臟疾病,以及主動脈夾層、心房顫動、風濕性免疫疾病、心肌病、大動脈炎等其他可能引起CAD的疾病。健康對照均通過生化指標結(jié)合超聲檢查確認。
1.2 標本采集及資料收集
受試者禁飲食12 h后,常規(guī)采集靜脈血8 mL,分別取4 mL置入A、B兩支EDTA抗凝管中。A管用于檢測生化指標,包括丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)、空腹血糖(FBG)、TG、總膽固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)以及低密度脂蛋白(LDL)等。B管離心后置于-80 ℃冰箱中保存?zhèn)溆?。使用標準問卷調(diào)查研究對象姓名、性別、年齡等基本信息,用專業(yè)儀表測量身高和體質(zhì)量,并計算體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)。
1.3 全血基因組DNA的提取和檢測
應用血液基因組DNA提取試劑盒(北京博淼生物科技有限公司)提取全血基因組DNA。采用聚合酶鏈反應(PCR)方法檢測FABP2基因rs179983位點多態(tài)性。所用的PCR引物由北京博淼生物科技有限公司設計合成,序列如下:上游引物5′-ACG-TTGGATGGCTGACAATTACACAAGAAGG-3′,下游引物5′-ACGTTGGATGGGTGACACCAAG-TTCAAAAAC-3′。PCR擴增反應后,將PCR產(chǎn)物用蝦堿性磷酸酶(SAP)處理,之后進行單堿基延伸反應、樹脂純化及芯片點樣。最后進行質(zhì)譜檢測分析基因型。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法
使用SPSS 21.0(Windows 10)軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析。4組一般臨床資料比較時,計數(shù)資料的比較采用χ2檢驗;計量資料經(jīng)Kolmogorov-Smirnov檢驗不符合正態(tài)性及方差齊性,以中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù))表示,采用Kruskal-Wallis H檢驗進行比較,對于有統(tǒng)計學差異的指標進一步采用秩和檢驗進行組間兩兩比較,并采用Bonferroni校正后的結(jié)果。應用χ2檢驗分析FABP2 rs1799883 基因型分布是否符合Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡定律,以避免數(shù)據(jù)不具備群體代表性。采用χ2檢驗分析4組FABP2 rs1799883基因型分布和等位基因頻率的差異。采用非條件Logistic回歸模型分析基因型和等位基因與患病風險的關系,計算比值比(OR)及95%可信區(qū)間(95%CI)。P<0.05則認為差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié) ?果
2.1 各組一般臨床資料比較
NAFLD組的BMI、ALT、TC高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(Z=3.219~6.277,P<0.05);CAD組的年齡、ALT、FPG高于對照組,而HDL、LDL低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=32.345,Z=3.192~6.730,P<0.05);合并組的年齡、ALT、TG、FPG高于對照組,而TC、HDL、LDL低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=32.345,Z=2.869~5.323,P<0.05);合并組的年齡、TG、FPG高于NAFLD組,而TC、HDL、LDL低于NAFLD組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=32.345,Z=3.369~11.237,P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 各組FABP2 rs1799883基因型分布和等位基因頻率的比較
本文4組研究對象基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡定律(χ2=0.277~1.112,P>0.05),說明群體的基因分布具有代表性。FABP2 rs1799883的基因型分布在NAFLD組與對照組、合并組與對照組、合并組與NAFLD組間差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義,而在CAD組與對照組間差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(χ2=6.495,P<0.05)。4組人群FABP2 rs1799883等位基因頻率比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
2.3 FABP2 rs1799883基因型分布和等位基因頻率與NAFLD和CAD發(fā)病風險的相關性
非條件Logistic回歸模型分析顯示,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883 CT+TT基因型與CAD的發(fā)病風險顯著相關,該基因型是CAD的一種保護因素(OR=0.50,95%CI=0.29~0.87,P<0.05);而CT+TT基因型與NAFLD或NAFLD合并CAD的發(fā)病風險均無相關性??紤]到年齡是CAD及NAFLD發(fā)病危險因素,且CAD發(fā)病男性早于女性,F(xiàn)ABP2基因表達受性別調(diào)控[20],本文對性別、年齡進行了校正。校正后,CT+TT基因型仍然與CAD發(fā)病風險相關(OR=0.46,95%CI=0.24~0.90,P<0.05)。見表3。
3 討 ?論
NAFLD是與遺傳、環(huán)境、代謝、應激等多種因素相關的疾病。有研究證實,遺傳因素在NAFLD的發(fā)病機制中扮演十分重要的角色[21]。FABP2 rs1799883基因多態(tài)性與胰島素抵抗和血脂代謝異常顯著相關,而胰島素抵抗和血脂代謝異常也均是NAFLD和CAD的獨立危險因素。本研究首次探討了我國青島漢族人群中FABP2 rs1799883基因多態(tài)性與NAFLD和CAD易感性的相關性。
FABP2 rs1799883基因的基因型分布在不同國家和地區(qū)具有差異性。FABP2 rs1799883 T等位基因在許多國家和地區(qū)的研究中被發(fā)現(xiàn)是高脂血癥的危險因素。有研究結(jié)果顯示,在南印度人群中FABP2 rs1799883基因野生型是AA基因型,突變型是AT、TT基因型,AT、TT基因型血TG水平高于AA基因型,提示T等位基因可能是血脂水平的危險因素[22]。加拿大一項研究結(jié)果顯示,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883的等位基因是A和T,T等位基因與新酯化TG分泌增加、載脂蛋白B合成增加以及乳糜微粒產(chǎn)量增加有關[23]。中國南京地區(qū)的一項研究結(jié)果表明,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883為AT、TT基因型的個體比AA基因型個體有更高的TG、TC水平和更低的HDL-C水平[24]。而血脂水平是NAFLD和CAD兩種疾病的危險因素。所以我們推測FABP2 rs1799883 T等位基因可能是NAFLD和CAD的危險因素。中國福建地區(qū)的一項研究結(jié)果也表明,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883 TT基因型與NAFLD明顯相關,是其獨立危險因素[16]。
但克羅地亞的一項納入140名老年男性和176名老年女性的研究結(jié)果顯示,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883 T等位基因攜帶者相較非攜帶者有更高的HDL-C水平和更低的TG水平[25]。新疆維吾爾族的一項研究顯示,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883 等位基因同樣是C和T,但并未發(fā)現(xiàn)其和NAFLD的關聯(lián)[26]。本研究也未顯示FABP2 rs1799883基因多態(tài)性與NAFLD的相關性。但本研究結(jié)果顯示,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883 CT+TT基因型與CAD的發(fā)病風險顯著相關,是CAD的一種保護性因素。這與諸多研究結(jié)論相反,但與克羅地亞的研究結(jié)果相符[25]。考慮到青島地區(qū)FABP2 rs1799883等位基因是C和T,與大多數(shù)國家和地區(qū)都不同,結(jié)果不一致可能是由于地域、種族不同所致。本研究中,F(xiàn)ABP2 rs1799883 CT+TT基因型雖然與CAD的發(fā)病風險顯著相關,但卻與CAD合并NAFLD發(fā)病風險不相關。分析原因,可能FABP2 rs1799883在NAFLD與CAD的發(fā)病過程中存在不同的效應,相互有所抵消,也不除外實驗誤差所致。本研究的不足之處:僅在基因水平上進行了研究,未對基因表達產(chǎn)物進行深入探討和分析;此次研究受地域條件、受試者數(shù)量等所限,可能影響結(jié)果的準確性。
總之,本研究首次探討了FABP2 rs1799883基因多態(tài)性與中國青島漢族人群NAFLD和CAD發(fā)病風險的相關性,結(jié)果表明中國青島地區(qū)FABP2 rs1799883的基因型與中國南方地區(qū)以及國外大部分國家和地區(qū)不同,且其CT+TT基因型與CAD的發(fā)病風險相關,而與NAFLD的發(fā)病風險不相關,具體作用機制仍待進一步研究。
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(本文編輯 馬偉平)