任志強(qiáng)

1. annual [njul]

adj. 每年的;按年度計(jì)算的

But at the annual party conference he always made the right noises. 但在每年政黨年會(huì)上，他總是隨聲附和。

The annual slaughter of wildlife in Italy is horrific. 在意大利，每年大量捕殺野生動(dòng)物的現(xiàn)象令人震驚。

n. 年刊;年鑒;一年生植物

His essay is copied from a college annual. 他的論文是從一本大學(xué)年刊上抄下來的。

Many garden plants are annuals. 許多觀賞植物都是一年生的。

【高考鏈接】

Before the 1830s， most newspapers were sold through ___ subscriptions in America， usually $8 to $10 a year. （2019全國(guó)卷Ⅲ）

Key：annual

2. witness [wItns]

vt. 當(dāng)場(chǎng)見到;目擊

I witnessed the traffic accident. 我目睹了那次交通事故。

The girl had no word for the sights she had witnessed. 這女孩無法形容她所目擊的事。

vt. 為……作證;作證;證明

My wife will witness that I was at home all evening. 我妻子將會(huì)證明我整晚都呆在家里。

n. [C] 目擊者;見證人

I was a witness to their quarrel. 我是他們吵架的目擊者。

n. [U，C] 證據(jù);證言

She was punished for giving false witness. 她因作偽證受到懲處。

易混辨析

look， see， watch， observe與witness

這些動(dòng)詞均有“看”之意。 look側(cè)重“看”的動(dòng)作;see指看見;watch指用眼睛跟隨某物，以便對(duì)每一個(gè)變化、運(yùn)動(dòng)等進(jìn)行觀察;observe側(cè)重以客觀的態(tài)度進(jìn)行觀察;witness指當(dāng)場(chǎng)看見，親眼看見。

【高考鏈接】

History has ___ the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. （2015重慶卷）

Key：witnessed

3. pause [p：z]

vi. 暫停;中止;躊躇

He had to pause to clear his throat. 他不得不停頓一下清清嗓子。

n. [C] 暫停;中止

When we read the text， we should pay attention to sentence stress， pause and liaison. 讀課文的時(shí)候，大家要注意句子的重音、停頓和連讀現(xiàn)象。

n. [U] 躊躇;猶豫

Our advice gave pause to him. 我們的建議使他猶豫。

易混辨析

break， rest， stop與pause

這些名詞均含有“中止;停止;休息”之意。 break為非正式用詞，指突然的或短時(shí)間的中止，如工作或活動(dòng)期間的短暫休息;rest泛指一般的休息;stop為普通用詞，指迅速或突然中止某行為、活動(dòng)或狀態(tài);pause指短暫的中斷或停止，含再進(jìn)行下去的意味。

【高考鏈接】

After a ___， I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. （2015上海卷）

Key：pause

4. drag [drɡ]

vt. 拖;拉;扯

He dragged the heavy case across the floor. 他在地板上拖著那個(gè)沉重的箱子。

Use your mouse to drag the pictures to their new size. 用鼠標(biāo)拖動(dòng)圖片，將其調(diào)整為新的尺寸。

vi. 拖拽;拖沓

The performance dragged. 表演不緊湊（拖沓）。

易混辨析

draw， pull與drag

draw指將東西慢慢、緩緩拉動(dòng)，使其移動(dòng);pull 是普通用語，指用力拉，與push 相對(duì); drag指慢慢地拖著笨重的東西，意味著所拖的東西阻力很大。

【高考鏈接】

I found myself increasingly unwilling

___ myself to dance performances. （2018全國(guó)卷Ⅱ）

Key： to drag

5. urge [：d]

n. [C] 強(qiáng)烈的欲望，迫切的要求，沖動(dòng)

He no longer has the urge to write letters to anybody. 他再也沒有想要給任何人寫信的欲望了。

There was an urge within that pushed me relentlessly to do this. 是內(nèi)心一股無法遏制的沖動(dòng)讓我不停地去做這些。

vt. 催促;極力主張;驅(qū)策

It was already rather late， thus we decide to urge the customer. 已經(jīng)相當(dāng)晚了，所以我們決定催促顧客。

She urged him to try the soup. 她力勸他去試試這種湯。

vt. 極力主張;強(qiáng)烈要求

He urge all concerned to take an active part in the work. 他要求有關(guān)人員都積極參與這項(xiàng)工作。

vt. 推進(jìn);驅(qū)策

Sometimes riders urge their horses on with whips. 騎手有時(shí)用鞭子策馬前進(jìn)。

He was urged by his conscience. 他受良心所驅(qū)策。

易混辨析

persuade， convince與urge

這些動(dòng)詞均有“勸說;勸導(dǎo);勸誘”之意。persuade為普通用詞，指通過勸說、感情交流等而使對(duì)方做勸說者所希望的事;convince指憑行動(dòng)、事實(shí)或言語使他人從思想感情上信服;urge語氣強(qiáng)，指不斷地、熱情地規(guī)勸誘導(dǎo)。

【高考鏈接】

We at the NYFC need broad support as we ___ Congress to increase farmland conservation. （2018江蘇卷）

Key： urge

6. abandon [bndn] vt.

遺棄;拋棄

People often simply abandon their pets when they go abroad. 人們出國(guó)時(shí)常常丟下寵物不管，一走了之。

舍棄;丟棄

Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles. 大雪迫使很多駕車者棄車步行。

中止;放棄

They had to abandon the match because of rain. 因?yàn)榇笥?，他們不得不中止比賽?/p>

陷入;沉湎于

abandon oneself to 陷入;沉湎于（某種情感）

He abandoned himself to despair. 他陷入絕望。

派生詞

abandoned adj. 被離棄的;被遺棄的;被拋棄的

The child was found abandoned but unharmed. 該棄兒被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)安然無恙。

abandonment n. 離棄;遺棄;拋棄;放棄;中止

Constant rain forced the abandonment of the next day's competitions. 連綿陰雨致使翌日各項(xiàng)賽事被迫中止。

【高考鏈接】

In each episode（一期節(jié)目） of Man vs. Wild， Grylls is ___ in a wild area and has to find his way out. （2015北京卷）

Key： abandoned

7. target [tɑ：ɡIt]

n. [C] 目標(biāo)

The university will reach its target of

50，000 students next September. 這所大學(xué)將于下個(gè)九月達(dá)到在校學(xué)生50，000人的目標(biāo)。

n. [C] 靶;靶子

The soldiers were banging away at the target. 士兵們不斷地向靶子射擊。

n. [C] 攻擊目標(biāo);批評(píng)對(duì)象

They bombed military and civilian targets.他們轟炸了軍事和民用目標(biāo)。

He's become the target for a lot of criticism recently. 他最近成了眾矢之的。

vt. 把……作為攻擊目標(biāo);把……作為批評(píng)的對(duì)象

The company has been targeted by animal right's groups for its use of dogs in drugs trials. 這家公司因用狗做藥物試驗(yàn)而成為動(dòng)物保護(hù)團(tuán)體批評(píng)的對(duì)象。

vt. 面向;把……對(duì)準(zhǔn)（某群體）

The campaign is clearly targeted at the young. 這個(gè)宣傳計(jì)劃顯然是針對(duì)青年人的。

【高考鏈接】

Neither of the arrows hit the ___.（2014陜西卷）

Key： target

8. reflect [rIflekt]

vi. 思考

reflect on / upon

She was left to reflect on the implications of her decision. 她在那里考慮她這個(gè)決定的影響。

vt. 反映;映出（影像）

His face was reflected in the mirror. 他的臉映在鏡子里。

vt. 反射（聲、光、熱等）

The windows reflected the bright afternoon sunlight. 窗戶反射著午后明媚的陽光。

vt. 顯示;表明;表達(dá)（事物的自然屬性或人們的態(tài)度、情感等）

Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community. 我們的報(bào)紙旨在表達(dá)當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦男穆暋?/p>

派生詞

reflection n.

[C] 映像;映照出的影像;反射

He admired his reflection in the mirror. 他欣賞著自己在鏡中的影像。

[C] 反映;顯示;表達(dá)

Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality. 穿著常常反映出一個(gè)人的個(gè)性。

[U] 沉思;深思;審慎的思考

She decided on reflection to accept his offer after all. 經(jīng)過審慎的思考，她決定還是接受他的提議。

【高考鏈接】

“I ___ on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week.” he said.（2019全國(guó)卷II）

Key： reflect

9. aware [we] adj.

意識(shí)到的;知道的

aware of 知道;意識(shí)到;明白

He was well aware of the problem. 他很清楚這個(gè)問題。

察覺到;發(fā)覺;發(fā)現(xiàn)

They suddenly became aware of people looking at them. 他們突然意識(shí)到有人在瞧著他們。

對(duì)……有興趣的;有……意識(shí)的

Young people are very environmentally aware. 年輕人的環(huán)保意識(shí)很強(qiáng)。

派生詞

awareness n. 知道;認(rèn)識(shí);意識(shí);興趣

It is important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used. 重要的是學(xué)生提高對(duì)如何使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的認(rèn)識(shí)。

高考鏈接

Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised ___ of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world's lakes and oceans. （2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)I）

Key： awareness

10. neat [ni：t] adj.

整潔的;整齊的;有序的

She was wearing a neat black suit. 她穿著整潔的黑色禮服。

好的;極好的

It's a really neat movie. 這真是一部極好的電影。

派生詞

neatly adv. 整潔地;整齊地;有序地

The box fitted neatly into the drawer. 這盒子放在抽屜里正合適。

neatness n. 整潔;干凈

The grounds were a perfect balance between neatness and natural wildness. 這些庭園是整齊有序和天然粗放的完美結(jié)合。

【高考鏈接】

These pieces can be folded into a ___ little pack and fastened on your belt. （2017全國(guó)卷I）

Key： neat

11. scare [ske（r）]

vt. 恐嚇

The fireworks will scare the animals. 煙火會(huì)嚇著動(dòng)物。

scare sb. / sth. away 把……嚇跑

Move quietly or you'll scare the birds away. 安靜地走，否則你會(huì)嚇跑鳥。

scare sb. into doing sth. 威脅，恐嚇某人做某事

Local businesses were scared into paying protection money. 當(dāng)?shù)厣碳移扔谕{繳納了保護(hù)費(fèi)。

scare sb. to death 嚇?biāo)?/p>

Some horror movies may scare you to death. 有些恐怖電影能把你嚇個(gè)半死。

vi. 受驚嚇

I don't scare easily， you know. 要知道，我可不是那么容易被嚇到的。

派生詞

scared adj. 驚恐的

We were scared that something terrible might happen. 我們害怕會(huì)發(fā)生可怕的事情。

be scared of 害怕……

She is scared of going out alone. 她不敢一個(gè)人外出。

【高考鏈接】

Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and ________ the rest of us. （2016北京卷）

Key： scare