武靜 王慧 楊毅 李堯鋒 王俊霞 楊莎莎
摘 要 目的:研究大建中湯對腸易激綜合征(IBS)內(nèi)臟痛模型大鼠的改善作用及其機制。方法:將48只雄性未斷乳大鼠隨機分為正常對照組、模型組、匹維溴銨組(陽性對照,45 mg/kg)和大建中湯高、中、低劑量組(2.16、1.08、0.54 g/kg,以生藥總量計),每組8只。除正常對照組外,其余各組大鼠經(jīng)母子分離、乙酸灌腸、卵清白蛋白腹腔注射等復(fù)制IBS內(nèi)臟痛模型,造模共57 d。第58天,給藥組大鼠灌胃相應(yīng)藥物,模型組和正常對照組大鼠灌胃等體積水,每日1次,連續(xù)14 d。觀察各組大鼠一般情況;采用腹壁撤退反應(yīng)(AWR)評估各組大鼠在20、40、60、80 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)壓力下的內(nèi)臟敏感性;采用蘇木精-伊紅染色方法觀察各組大鼠結(jié)腸組織病理學(xué)特征;采用Western blotting技術(shù)檢測結(jié)腸組織中腸膠質(zhì)細胞標志物纖維酸性蛋白(GFAP)和神經(jīng)生長因子(NGF)及其受體酪氨酸蛋白激酶A(TrkA)蛋白的表達情況。結(jié)果:正常對照組大鼠結(jié)腸組織未見明顯病理學(xué)改變。模型組大鼠結(jié)腸組織黏膜不連續(xù),腺體水腫,固有層內(nèi)散在分布淋巴細胞、中性粒細胞和嗜酸性粒細胞;大建中湯低劑量組大鼠結(jié)腸組織黏膜不完整,部分腺體輕度水腫,固有層內(nèi)有少量淋巴細胞和中性粒細胞;大建中湯中、高劑量組和匹維溴銨組大鼠結(jié)腸黏膜上皮結(jié)構(gòu)完整,腺體排列規(guī)則,未見變性壞死和炎癥細胞浸潤。與正常對照組比較,模型組和大建中湯低劑量組大鼠20、40、60 mmHg壓力下的AWR評分和結(jié)腸組織中GFAP、NGF、TrkA 蛋白的相對表達量均顯著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。與模型組比較,大建中湯中、高劑量組和匹維溴銨組大鼠20、40 mmHg壓力下的AWR評分,大建中湯高劑量組和匹維溴銨組大鼠60 mmHg壓力下的AWR評分,大建中湯中、高劑量組和匹維溴銨組大鼠結(jié)腸組織中GFAP、NGF、TrkA 蛋白的相對表達量均顯著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。結(jié)論:大建中湯可能通過抑制腸膠質(zhì)細胞活化、減少NGF和TrkA的表達,進而改善IBS模型大鼠的內(nèi)臟痛。
關(guān)鍵詞 腸易激綜合征;內(nèi)臟痛;腸膠質(zhì)細胞;神經(jīng)生長因子;大建中湯;大鼠
ABSTRACT? ?OBJECTIVE: To study the improvement effect and mechanism of Dajianzhong decoction on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) visceral pain model rats. METHODS: Totally 48 male non-weaning rats were randomly divided into normal control group, model group, pinaverium bromide group (positive control, 45 mg/kg) and Dajianzhong decoction high-dose, medium-dose and low-dose groups (2.16, 1.08, 0.54 g/kg, by crude drug), with 8 rats in each group. Except for normal control group, IBS visceral pain model was established by mother and child separation, acetic acid enema, ovalbumin intraperitoneal injection in other groups for 57 d. On the 58th day, the rats in administration groups were given the corresponding drugs intragastrically, and model group and normal control group were given constant volume of purified water, once a day, for consecutive 14 d. The general condition of rats was observed; abdominal wall withdrawal reaction (AWR) was adopted to evaluate the visceral sensitivity of rats in each group under 20, 40, 60, and 80 mmHg? (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) pressure; HE staining method was used to observe the colon pathological features of rats in each group. Western blotting assay was used to detect the protein expression of intestinal glial cells markers fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptor TrkA in colon tissue. RESULTS: The mucosal layer of colon tissue in rats of model group was discontinuous, gland edema was observed and lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils were scattered in the lamina propria. In Dajianzhong decoction low-does group, the mucosal layer of colon tissue was incomplete, some glands were slightly edematous, and a few lymphocytes, neutrophils in the lamina propria. The colonic mucosa epithelial structure was intact, glands arranged regularly, and no degenerative necrosis and inflammatory cells were observed in Dajianzhong decoction medium- and high-dose groups and pinaverium bromide group. Compared with normal control group, AWR scores under 20, 40, and 60 mmHg pressure, relative protein expression of GFAR, NGF and TrkA were all increased significantly in model group and Dajianzhong decoction low-does groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with model group, AWR scores under 20, and 40 mmHg pressure in Dajianzhong decoction medium- and high-dose groups and pinaverium bromide group, AWR scores under 60 mmHg pressure in Dajianzhong decoction high-dose group and pinaverium bromide group, relative protein expression of GFAP, NGF, TrkA in colon tissue in Dajianzhong decoction medium- and high-dose groups and pinaverium bromide group were all decreased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01).? CONCLUSIONS: Dajianzhong decoction could improve the visceral pain of IBS model rats by inhibiting the activation of intestinal glial cells and reducing the expression of NGF and TrkA.
有研究提示,IBS內(nèi)臟痛與胃腸動力失常、內(nèi)臟高敏感性、免疫異常、精神心理等因素有關(guān)[19],其中內(nèi)臟敏感性(可用AWR 評分評估)增強作為IBS的特征被學(xué)者廣泛接受。內(nèi)臟感覺主要由CNS和外周腸神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(ENS)共同傳遞[20],后者由大量的多種類型的神經(jīng)元和EGC共同組成[21]。此前,EGC被認為僅支持和營養(yǎng)腸道神經(jīng)元,而近年來越來越多的證據(jù)表明其在腸道穩(wěn)態(tài)中發(fā)揮了至關(guān)重要的作用。例如,EGC可表達多種受體,能感知腸道環(huán)境中的各種刺激并隨之發(fā)生系列反應(yīng),主要表現(xiàn)為細胞增生、形態(tài)改變等[8];IBS患者腸道內(nèi)EGC增多[22],提示其可能與IBS有關(guān)。本研究通過Western blotting 技術(shù)檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),IBS內(nèi)臟痛模型大鼠結(jié)腸組織中EGC標志物GFAP蛋白的相對表達量顯著高于正常對照組,中、高劑量大建中湯能夠使模型大鼠結(jié)腸組織中GFAP蛋白的相對表達量顯著降低?;谏鲜鼋Y(jié)果,本課題組推測EGC可能是IBS內(nèi)臟痛發(fā)生的關(guān)鍵靶點,且大建中湯能夠通過抑制該靶點而發(fā)揮對IBS內(nèi)臟痛的改善作用。
NGF是神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)素家族中最早被發(fā)現(xiàn)的調(diào)節(jié)因子,主要通過結(jié)合位于細胞表面的NGF受體TrkA來發(fā)揮作用,具有營養(yǎng)神經(jīng)元及促進神經(jīng)突起生長的雙重作用[23]。NGF在腸道中分布廣泛,除腸上皮細胞外,其在EGC中也有表達[24]。在正常生理狀態(tài)下,NGF可維持神經(jīng)元的生存及分化;然而在NGF表達異常的情況下,其可成為導(dǎo)致疼痛發(fā)生的重要原因之一。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),IBS患者腸道中NGF的表達較健康人有明顯增多,提示NGF可能參與內(nèi)臟痛的發(fā)生[5]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,IBS內(nèi)臟痛模型大鼠結(jié)腸組織中NGF、TrkA蛋白相對表達量均顯著高于正常對照組,而大建中湯高、中劑量組大鼠結(jié)腸組織中NGF、TrkA蛋白相對表達量均顯著低于模型組。根據(jù)腸道內(nèi)EGC能夠表達NGF的報道,本研究證實活化的EGC可能通過分泌NGF作用于TrkA,從而在IBS內(nèi)臟痛中發(fā)揮作用,且大建中湯能夠阻止此過程。但本研究只采用Western blotting技術(shù)檢測結(jié)腸內(nèi)GFAP、NGF、TrkA蛋白的表達,初步證實了上述蛋白與IBS內(nèi)臟痛的關(guān)系,后續(xù)將采取免疫熒光雙標技術(shù)分析GFAP和NGF、TrkA的關(guān)系,進一步揭示EGC內(nèi)的分子變化。
本課題組從膠質(zhì)細胞信號通路關(guān)鍵因子角度初步揭示了IBS的發(fā)病機制以及大建中湯的作用機制和科學(xué)內(nèi)涵,有助于尋找中醫(yī)藥治療IBS內(nèi)臟痛的作用靶標,可為加快研發(fā)治療IBS內(nèi)臟痛的有效中醫(yī)復(fù)方制劑提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
參考文獻
[ 1 ] TALLEY NJ,IRANI M,KEELY S. Bacterial therapy for irritable bowel syndrome[J]. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol,2020,5(7):627-629.
[ 2 ] 蔡林坤,彭卓崳,黃適,等.米氮平聯(lián)合選擇性鈣通道拮抗劑治療腸易激綜合征有效性與安全性的Meta分析[J].中國藥房,2019,30(18):2563-2570.
[ 3 ] 沈楨巍,雷撼,高鵬飛.日本漢方大建中湯在消化道外科領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)與臨床研究進展[J].世界中西醫(yī)結(jié)合雜志,2011,6(3):261-264.
[ 4 ] 張聲生,魏瑋,楊儉勤.腸易激綜合征中醫(yī)診療專家共識意見:2017[J].中醫(yī)雜志,2017,58(18):1614-1620.
[ 5 ] DOTHEL G,BARBARO MARIA R,BOUDIN H,et al.Nerve fiber outgrowth is increased in the intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome[J]. Gastroenterology,2015,148(5):1002-1011.
[ 6 ] LONG X,LI M,LI L X,et al. Butyrate promotes visceral hypersensitivity in an IBS-like model via enteric glial cell-derived nerve growth factor[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil,2018. DOI:10.1111/nmo.13227.
[ 7 ] 王慧,武靜,陳繼婷.脾陽虛大鼠下丘腦星形膠質(zhì)細胞GFAP和小膠質(zhì)細胞OX42的表達及大建中湯的干預(yù)作用[J].時珍國醫(yī)國藥,2013,24(2):304-305.
[ 8 ] WANG P,DU C,CHEN FX,et al. BDNF contributes to IBS-like colonic hypersen-sitivity via activating the enteroglia-nerve unit[J]. Sci Rep,2016. DOI:10.1038/srep 20320.
[ 9 ] GULBRANSEN BD,SHARKY KA. Novel functional roles for enteric glia in the gastrointestinal tract[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2012,9(11):625-632.
[10] 杜建民,桑杲,陳明顯,陳宇.瀉寧口服液對大鼠內(nèi)臟高敏感性腹瀉的干預(yù)作用及機制研究[J].中華中醫(yī)藥學(xué)刊,2018,36(1):211-214.
[11] WINSTON J,SHENOY M,MEDLEY,et al. The vanilloid receptor initiates and maintains colonic hypersensitivity induced by neonatal colon irritation in rats[J]. Gastroenterology,2007,132(2):615-627.
[12] 劉麗娜,孫志廣,張雪梅,等.金蕎麥提取物對 IBS 大鼠脊髓鎮(zhèn)痛的干預(yù)機制[J].世界華人消化雜志,2012,20(15):1290-1295.
[13] AL-CHAER ED,KAWASAKI M,PASRICHA PJ. A new model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity in adult rats induced by colon irritation during postnatal development[J].Gastroenterology,2000,119(5):1276-1285.
[14] 呂林,唐旭東,王鳳云,等.腸易激綜合征從脾論治理論探討[J].中華中醫(yī)藥雜志,2017,32(3):943-946
[15] 牛藝璇,孫波,白埔,等.大建中湯的臨床應(yīng)用及現(xiàn)代研究進展[J].中國藥理學(xué)與毒理學(xué)雜志,2019,33(9):715- 716.
[16] FAN F,TANG Y,DAI HF,et al. Blockade of BDNF signalling attenuates chronic visceral hypersensitivity in an IBS-like rat model[J]. Eur J Pain,2020,24(4):839-850.
[17] LEE IS,CHEOH S,PARK JY. Central and peripheral mechanism of acupuncture analgesia on visceral pain: a systematic review[J]. Evid-based Compl Alt,2019. DOI:10.1155/2019/1304152.
[18] 陳繼婷,郭維,楊毅.大建中湯對脾陽虛大鼠血清神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)影響的實驗研究[J].浙江中醫(yī)雜志,2007,42(5):300-301.
[19] ZHOU QQ,VERNE GN. New insights into visceral hypersensitivity-clinical implications in IBS[J]. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol,2011,8(6):349-355.
[20] HORVATHOVA L,TILLINGER A,PADOVA A,et al.Changes in gene expression in brain structures related to visceral sensation,autonomic functions,food intake,and cognition in melanoma-bearing mice[J]. Eur J Neurosci,2020,51(12):2376-2393.
[21] JULIANA DE MATTOS COELHO-AGUIAR,ANA CARINA BON-FRAUCHES,ANA L?CIA TAVARES GOMES,et al. The enteric glia:identity and functions[J]. Glia,2015,63(6):921-935.
[22] MOKHA JS,HVAMS JS. Irritable bowel syndrome[J]. Clin Evid,2017,341(8844):556-563.
[23] DELIVANOGLOU N,BOZIKI M,THEOTOKIS P,et al. Spatio-temporal expression profile of NGF and the two-receptor system,TrkA and p75NTR,in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis[J]. J Neuroinflammation,2020,17(1):41-53.
[24] CIRILLO C,SARNELLI G,TURCO F,et al. Proinflammatory stimuli activates human- derived enteroglial cells and induces autocrine nitric oxide production[J]. Neurogastroenterol Motil,2011,23(9):e372-e382.
(收稿日期:2020-03-26 修回日期:2020-07-02)
(編輯:鄒麗娟)