張日東 石敏
[摘要] 目的 比較硫辛酸和硫辛酸聯(lián)合胰激肽原酶腸溶片(怡開)對2型糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變的治療效果。 方法 納入2018年1月—2019年1月在南京醫(yī)科大學附屬淮安第一醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科住院的糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變患者60例,采用隨機數(shù)字表法將患者分為觀察組和對照組,每組30例。對照組給予硫辛酸靜脈輸注,觀察組予以靜脈輸注硫辛酸聯(lián)合怡開口服,治療2周,分別評估兩組臨床療效,治療前后肌電圖、氧化應(yīng)激及炎癥指標。 結(jié)果 治療后,觀察組治療總有效率高于對照組(P < 0.05);兩組腓總神經(jīng)、正中神經(jīng)感覺傳導速度(SNCV)及運動傳導速度(MNCV)治療前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05),治療后,兩組腓總神經(jīng)、正中神經(jīng)SNCV及MNCV均高于治療前,且觀察組腓總神經(jīng)、正中神經(jīng)SNCV及MNCV均高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05);治療前兩組丙二醛(MDA)、活性氧(ROS)、晚期氧化蛋白產(chǎn)物(AOPPs)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05),治療后兩組MDA、ROS、AOPPs均低于治療前,SOD高于治療前,且觀察組SOD高于對照組,而MDA、ROS、AOPPs低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05);兩組超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CPR)、白介素-6(IL-6)和腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)治療前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05),治療后兩組hs-CPR、IL-6、TNF-α均低于治療前,且觀察組hs-CPR、IL-6、TNF-α低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 靜脈輸注硫辛酸聯(lián)合怡開口服可以切實改善2型糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變患者臨床癥狀,可能與減輕氧化應(yīng)激、改善微炎癥狀態(tài)有關(guān),起到較好的協(xié)同效果,值得臨床推廣。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 糖尿病神經(jīng)病變;硫辛酸;胰激肽釋放酶片
[中圖分類號] R587.2? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)07(c)-0137-04
Clinical observation of Lipoic Acid combined with Pancreatic Kininogenase Enteric-Coated Tablets in the treatment of type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy
ZHANG Ridong? ?SHI Min
Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai′an No.1 People′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Huai′an? ?223300, China
[Abstract] Objective To compare the therapeutic effect of Lipoic Acid and Lipoic Acid combined with Pancreatic Kininogenase Enteric-Coated Tablets (Yikai) on type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods From January 2018 to January 2019, 60 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy were hospitalized in the Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Huai′an No.1 People′s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were enrolled. The patients were divided into the observation group and the control group by random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. The control group was given intravenous infusion of Lipoic Acid, and the observation group was given intravenous infusion of Lipoic Acid combined with Yikai oral administration for two weeks. The clinical efficacy was evaluated, electromyography, oxidative stress and inflammation indexes of the two groups before and after treatment were evaluated respectively. Results After treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Sensory conduction velocity (SNCV) and motor conduction velocity (MNCV) of the common peroneal and median nerves in the two groups were not significantly different from those before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, SNCV and MNCV of the common peroneal nerve and median nerve in both groups were higher than those before treatment, and SNCV and MNCV of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), advanced oxidizing protein products (AOPPs) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the two groups were not significantly different before treatment (P > 0.05). After treatment, MDA, ROS and AOPPs in both groups were lower than those before treatment, SOD was higher than that before treatment, SOD in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, while MDA, ROS and AOPPs were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Comparison of hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CPR), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before treatment between the two groups showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). After treatment, hs-CPR, IL-6 and TNF-α in the two groups were all lower than those before treatment, and hs-CPR, IL-6 and TNF-α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Intravenous infusion of Lipoic Acid combined with Yikai oral administration can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with type 2 diabetes peripheral neuropathy, which may be related to reducing oxidative stress and improving the state of micro-inflammation. It plays a good synergistic effect and is worthy of clinical promotion.
[Key words] Diabetic peripheral neuropathy; Lipoic Acid; Pancreatic Kininogenase Enteric-Coated Tablets
糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)主要表現(xiàn)肢體感覺異常及疼痛麻木,易導致糖尿病足,使致殘率及再入院率升高[1]。DPN約波及50%糖尿病患者[2]。DPN與糖尿病病程、血糖控制等因素相關(guān),病程10年以上易出現(xiàn)[3]。DPN可導致截肢,早期診斷及預防極為重要[4-5]。DPN病因尚不明確,可能與氧化應(yīng)激、晚期糖基化終末產(chǎn)物(AGE)-AGE受體-核因子、蛋白激酶C激活、綜合發(fā)病機制假說等有關(guān)[6-8]。其中氧化應(yīng)激被認為是DPN基本因素之一[9]。本文主要研究DPN患者應(yīng)用硫辛酸和胰激肽原酶腸溶片對血清丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、活性氧(ROS)、晚期氧化蛋白產(chǎn)物(AOPPs)、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CPR)、白介素-6(IL-6)和腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)及療效的影響,為DPN治療提供參考。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
采用方便抽樣方法,選取2018年1月—2019年1月在南京醫(yī)科大學附屬淮安第一醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科住院的60例DPN患者。納入標準:①符合中國2型糖尿病防治指南(2017年版)中DPN診斷標準[3];②診斷糖尿病時或后出現(xiàn)神經(jīng)病變;③四肢感覺異常、疼痛與麻木;④神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)體檢示淺、深感覺減退,肌電圖示傳導速度減慢。排除標準:①妊娠期或哺乳期婦女;②合并其他嚴重疾病;③有精神疾病;④其他原因?qū)е碌纳窠?jīng)病變。按照隨機數(shù)字表法分為對照組與觀察組,每組30例,對照組男18例,女12例;年齡35~77歲,平均(56.7±7.2)歲;病程1~12年,平均(7.6±4.5)年。觀察組男17例,女13例;年齡36~78歲,平均(55.7±6.8)歲;病程1~12年,平均(7.8±5.0)年。兩組年齡、性別和病程比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。本研究通過醫(yī)院醫(yī)學倫理委員會批準,簽署知情同意書。
1.2 治療方法
兩組在控制飲食及運動基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)病情給予口服降糖藥和/或胰島素治療,控制空腹血糖基線為7.0 mmol/L上下,餐后2 h血糖基線在10.0 mmol/L上下。對照組靜脈應(yīng)用硫辛酸(重慶藥友制藥有限公司,批號:H20066706,規(guī)格150 mg)600 mg qd;觀察組靜脈應(yīng)用硫辛酸600 mg qd和胰激肽原酶腸溶片(怡開,常州千紅生化制藥股份有限,批號:H19993089,規(guī)格:240 U)240 U口服tid,均治療兩周。
1.3 評價方法及觀察指標
①治療前、后留取兩組空腹靜脈血5 mL,分離血清后-80℃冰箱中保存。樣本均于半個月內(nèi)檢測完畢。血清SOD、MDA、ROS、AOPPs、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α使用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)法檢測。②參考宗海軍文獻[10],患者肢體不適使用視覺模擬量表(VAS)評測,具體分值為0~10分,分數(shù)越高表示肢體不適感越重。治療結(jié)果為:①顯效:VAS下降幅度在80%以上。②有效:VAS下降幅度在20%~80%。③無效:VAS下降幅度<20%??傆行?(顯效+有效)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%。肌電圖檢測患者腓總神經(jīng)、正中神經(jīng)感覺傳導速度(SNCV)及運動傳導速度(MNCV)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 18.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計學分析,計量資料采用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料采用百分率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組臨床總有效率比較
觀察組臨床總有效率高于對照組臨床總有效率(P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組治療前后肌電圖比較
兩組腓總、正中神經(jīng)SNCV及MNCV治療前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。治療后,兩組腓總、正中神經(jīng)SNCV及MNCV均高于治療前,且觀察組腓總、正中神經(jīng)SNCV及MNCV高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 兩組治療前后血清SOD、MDA、ROS、AOPPs水平比較
兩組SOD、MDA、ROS、AOPPs治療前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。治療后兩組MDA、ROS、AOPPs均低于治療前,SOD高于治療前,且觀察組SOD高于對照組,而MDA、ROS、AOPPs低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05)。見表3。
2.4 兩組治療前后血清hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平比較
兩組CPR、IL-6、TNF-α治療前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。治療后兩組CPR、IL-6、TNF-α均低于治療前,且觀察組CPR、IL-6、TNF-α低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05)。見表4。
3 討論
目前全球糖尿患者數(shù)日益增長,糖尿病前期及糖尿病患者已達7.03億[11]。中國糖尿病患病率約為10.4%[12]。糖尿病病程25年者,DPN患病率為50%[13]。目前DPN病因尚不明確,可能與糖基化終產(chǎn)物形成、氧化應(yīng)激、蛋白激酶C激活和血管神經(jīng)缺氧有關(guān),其中氧化應(yīng)激能夠直接誘發(fā)DPN[14]。微血管病變和代謝因素參與DPN發(fā)生和進展,其中氧化應(yīng)激和微炎癥狀態(tài)是促進上述損傷的共同通路[15]。
氧化應(yīng)激參與DPN發(fā)生和發(fā)展,機體及細胞氧化應(yīng)激加重,從而導致機體微血管損害,進而改變神經(jīng)微環(huán)境,從而影響神經(jīng)微循環(huán),導致神經(jīng)血流灌注減少,DPN發(fā)生和發(fā)展[16]。本研究怡開聯(lián)合硫辛酸治療DPN,考慮糖尿病本身是一個微炎癥性疾病,本研究探討硫辛酸聯(lián)合怡開除改善氧化應(yīng)激之外,對于炎癥狀態(tài)有無影響。本研究結(jié)果顯示觀察組療效、神經(jīng)傳導速度及氧化應(yīng)激均較前好轉(zhuǎn),推測二者聯(lián)合可能存在協(xié)同效應(yīng)。硫辛酸抑制脂質(zhì)過氧化,清除機體氧化反應(yīng)下產(chǎn)生的不利化合物,抑制機體和神經(jīng)細胞內(nèi)氧化狀態(tài),從而導致神經(jīng)血管內(nèi)血流量增多,導致神經(jīng)傳導加速,內(nèi)部機制可能與改善氧化應(yīng)激相關(guān)[17]。DPN患者病程長,機體處于高凝狀態(tài),容易導致血栓形成,怡開可以激活血液纖溶酶原,提高血液纖溶系統(tǒng)活性,抵抗血小板聚集,降低機體高凝狀態(tài),溶解高凝狀態(tài)下形成的微小血栓,同時作用于血管內(nèi)皮細胞,減少血管內(nèi)皮素的產(chǎn)生和釋放,從而改善機體血流供應(yīng),進而加強機體運動和感覺神經(jīng)傳導速度。
本研究結(jié)果中觀察組炎癥指標較前好轉(zhuǎn),提示一定程度上改善了炎癥狀態(tài),具體原因不是很明確,推測氧化應(yīng)激為糖尿病多種發(fā)病機制之一,DPN患者體內(nèi)處于氧化應(yīng)激狀態(tài),而氧化應(yīng)激可導致細胞內(nèi)核因子κB激活,從而引發(fā)瀑布樣炎癥反應(yīng),導致炎癥因子激活和釋放[18]。慢性炎癥可使血管和神經(jīng)元對缺血再灌注損傷更敏感,是導致DPN持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要因素之一[19],其中IL-6能促進血管增強黏附力,加速內(nèi)皮細胞炎癥損傷,核因子-κB(NF-κB)參與外傷性神經(jīng)損傷后的炎癥、免疫等多種生理病理過程[20]。本研究結(jié)果中觀察組治療后血清超敏CRP、IL-6和TNF-α水平均明顯低于對照組,這可能意味著聯(lián)合治療減輕了DPN患者微炎癥狀態(tài)。不過,由于本研究例數(shù)較少,存在一定的局限性,需要更多的病例研究去證實,相關(guān)機制研究需要進一步研究。
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(收稿日期:2020-01-21)