徐莞媛 馬杭柯 孫金秋 段健誠鄧高威 高 煥,2,3,4 閻斌倫,2,3,4
脊尾白蝦甘露糖結(jié)合凝集素(MBL)基因在抗鎘脅迫中的生物學(xué)功能分析*
徐莞媛1馬杭柯1孫金秋1段健誠1鄧高威1高 煥1,2,3,4閻斌倫1,2,3,4①
(1. 江蘇省海洋生物資源與生態(tài)環(huán)境重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 江蘇省海洋生物技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室 淮海工學(xué)院 連云港 222005; 2. 江蘇省海洋生物產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心 連云港 222005; 3. 江蘇省農(nóng)業(yè)種質(zhì)資源保護(hù)與利用平臺(tái) 南京 210014;4. 江蘇省海洋資源開發(fā)研究院(連云港) 連云港 222005)
為研究Cd2+脅迫下脊尾白蝦()甘露糖集合凝集素(MBL)在肝胰腺中表達(dá)量的變化特征,本研究利用重金屬鎘(Cd2+)對(duì)脊尾白蝦進(jìn)行96 h急性毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)共設(shè)置5組Cd2+濃度脅迫(0、0.01、0.0175、0.021和0.0278 mmol/L),分別在Cd2+脅迫后0、3、6、12、24、48、72和96 h共8個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)取樣。實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量結(jié)果顯示,高濃度Cd2+(0.0175、0.021和0.0278 mmol/L)脅迫下,脊尾白蝦MBL基因的表達(dá)量先呈上升趨勢(shì),在72 h達(dá)到峰值后隨后下降,但各時(shí)間點(diǎn)表達(dá)量均與對(duì)照組存在顯著性差異(<0.01);Cd2+濃度為0.01 mmol/L時(shí),脊尾白蝦MBL基因的表達(dá)量整體呈下降趨勢(shì)。進(jìn)一步采用RNA技術(shù)干擾該基因表達(dá)后,發(fā)現(xiàn)Cd2+脅迫后的脊尾白蝦個(gè)體死亡率顯著增加。本研究表明,脊尾白蝦MBL在應(yīng)答Cd2+脅迫過程中可對(duì)機(jī)體起到一定的保護(hù)作用。
脊尾白蝦;MBL;鎘;RNA干擾技術(shù);急性毒性實(shí)驗(yàn)
近年來,隨著現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,大量工業(yè)廢水排放導(dǎo)致重金屬污染嚴(yán)重,威脅水產(chǎn)品的養(yǎng)殖與發(fā)展(黃福泉等, 2004; 王長(zhǎng)友等, 2010; Vijayavel, 2009),在眾多重金屬污染中,鎘是最嚴(yán)重也是毒性最強(qiáng)的重金屬之一,為應(yīng)優(yōu)先關(guān)注的污染物之一(Hamza-Chaffai, 1995;Moreira, 2010)。水中的重金屬主要通過鰓吸收、攝食、與水體的滲透交換作用等途徑富集到生物體內(nèi)(勵(lì)建榮等, 2007; 趙紅霞等, 2003; Pourang, 2010),進(jìn)而對(duì)機(jī)體造成多方面的損傷。在生理水平上,鎘會(huì)造成機(jī)體產(chǎn)生過量的活性氧,會(huì)直接損傷抗氧化系統(tǒng)(Pytharopoulou, 2008; Doyotte, 1997),也會(huì)對(duì)機(jī)體氨基酸和蛋白質(zhì)如絲氨酸酶、絲氨酸蛋白酶抑制劑等的含量造成一定的影響(廖潔等, 2018; 黃婷, 2016; Dawood, 2012);在核基因組水平上,鎘會(huì)損傷水生生物的DNA和DNA修復(fù)系統(tǒng),致使機(jī)體出現(xiàn)畸形、突變等(毛跟軍等, 2004);在細(xì)胞水平上,鎘會(huì)通過影響蛋白質(zhì)的結(jié)構(gòu)及其生理功能,進(jìn)而對(duì)甲殼類的肝胰腺等造成毒害作用(王蘭等, 2004)。甘露糖集合凝集素(MBL)是先天免疫系統(tǒng)重要的成員,除了結(jié)合病原微生物表面的糖結(jié)構(gòu),發(fā)揮溶菌的作用(Gupta, 2008; Pradhan, 2010; Summerfield, 2003),還可以與絲氨酸蛋白酶結(jié)合激活補(bǔ)體途徑的MBL途徑,進(jìn)而保護(hù)機(jī)體免受外界干擾(Walport, 2001; Presanis, 2003)。如上所述,Cd2+會(huì)造成機(jī)體絲氨酸蛋白酶的損傷,在生物機(jī)體受到Cd2+脅迫后,是否對(duì)MBL造成不同程度的影響?至今未見相關(guān)報(bào)道。
脊尾白蝦()是我國重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)蝦類之一,以黃渤海產(chǎn)量最高(時(shí)冬晴等, 2007),而脊尾白蝦養(yǎng)殖的近海海域受重金屬污染的問題日益突出(李先超, 2001)。在前期的研究中,我們已克隆獲得脊尾白蝦甘露糖集合凝集素基因(已另文發(fā)表,GenBank登錄號(hào):MK105910),本研究通過對(duì)該基因在應(yīng)答Cd2+脅迫下的表達(dá)特征分析,闡釋該基因在重金屬脅迫中的生物學(xué)功能。
本實(shí)驗(yàn)首先選取健康蝦和患病蝦,驗(yàn)證MBL基因是否在患病蝦中具有大量表達(dá)的特征,研究MBL基因在機(jī)體防御中是否發(fā)揮作用;利用重金屬鎘脅迫,研究MBL基因在機(jī)體受到鎘離子脅迫后表達(dá)特征是否存在差異;利用RNA干擾技術(shù),研究在機(jī)體在干擾后進(jìn)一步受到鎘離子脅迫后,MBL基因是否會(huì)參與脊尾白蝦對(duì)鎘的抵御。
實(shí)驗(yàn)所用健康成年脊尾白蝦為實(shí)驗(yàn)室自繁而來,體長(zhǎng)為(6.5±0.5) cm,體重為(2.5±0.5) g。實(shí)驗(yàn)前將脊尾白蝦暫養(yǎng)在水溫25℃、鹽度25、pH為8.0的養(yǎng)殖缸內(nèi)(50 cm×40 cm×30 cm),24 h不間斷充氧,早晚投餌一次,投餌前對(duì)養(yǎng)殖缸進(jìn)行清污。
1.2.1 脊尾白蝦不同組織取材 選取健康成年脊尾白蝦(取自本實(shí)驗(yàn)室自繁養(yǎng)殖) 3尾,選取肌肉發(fā)白的患病脊尾白蝦(來源菜市場(chǎng)) 3尾,實(shí)驗(yàn)前已對(duì)患病蝦進(jìn)行了病原檢測(cè),檢測(cè)到微孢子蟲的存在。分別選取其健康蝦和患病蝦的眼柄、胃、肝胰腺、心臟、鰓、腸、肌肉、卵巢共8個(gè)組織,用于RNA的提取。
1.2.2 鎘離子脅迫實(shí)驗(yàn)取材 通過文獻(xiàn)得到Cd2+對(duì)脊尾白蝦96 h的半致死質(zhì)量濃度為3.650 mg/L,Cd2+對(duì)脊尾白蝦的安全質(zhì)量濃度為0.3650 mg/L(謝嘉等, 2017)。配制1 mol/L氯化鎘(南京化學(xué)試劑有限公司生產(chǎn))母液,配制4組不同濃度梯度的溶液,濃度分別為0.01、0.0175、0.021和0.0278 mmol/L,并設(shè)立對(duì)照組。實(shí)驗(yàn)過程在養(yǎng)殖箱(50 cm×40 cm×30 cm)內(nèi)進(jìn)行,每箱放50尾,整個(gè)養(yǎng)殖過程24 h不間斷充氣。
1.2.3 RNA干擾 挑選健康活躍的成年脊尾白蝦(對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組均為50尾,每次取3尾脊尾白蝦),注射siRNA對(duì)MBL進(jìn)行基因沉默,用于siRNA干擾的引物共4條(干擾部位為本實(shí)驗(yàn)室已獲得的脊尾白蝦MBL基因外顯子的350~371 bp) (表1),具體操作方法按照TR-102-T7 RNAi Transcripition Kit (Vazyme,中國)的說明書進(jìn)行。干擾組每克脊尾白蝦注射4 μg siRNA,注射部位心臟表皮處,對(duì)照組每克脊尾白蝦注射4 μg生理鹽水。注射siRNA和生理鹽水的脊尾白蝦24 h后(按照RNA干擾試劑盒說明書,注射24 h是干擾效率最高的時(shí)間點(diǎn)),再進(jìn)行鎘脅迫(Cd2+濃度為0.021 mmol/L)。在4種脅迫濃度下,低濃度(0.01和0.0175 mmol/L)脅迫下,毒性較小,MBL表達(dá)量較少;高濃度(0.0278 mmol/L)脅迫下,脊尾白蝦死亡太快,而只有0.021 mmol/L濃度下,脊尾白蝦死亡率適中,實(shí)驗(yàn)可持續(xù)時(shí)間久,又可檢測(cè)到MBL較高的表達(dá)量,脅迫養(yǎng)殖方法參照1.2.2。
表1 脊尾白蝦siRNA干擾引物和熒光定量PCR引物的序列
Tab.1 Primer sequence of Exopalaemon carinicauda siRNA interference and Q-PCR
鎘脅迫實(shí)驗(yàn)共設(shè)置8個(gè)取樣點(diǎn),分別在處理后0、3、6、12、24、48、72和96 h取樣,RNAi干擾實(shí)驗(yàn)共設(shè)置8個(gè)取樣點(diǎn),分別為干擾后0、3、6、12、24、48、72和96 h取樣,每個(gè)濃度均取3尾脊尾白蝦,將脊尾白蝦的肝胰腺經(jīng)液氮冷凍、研磨后用RNA抽提試劑盒(上海生工生物工程有限公司)提取RNA。
根據(jù)本實(shí)驗(yàn)室已獲得的脊尾白蝦MBL基因序列,設(shè)計(jì)熒光定量引物,分別命名為EC-MBL-Lectin- QR-F(正向擴(kuò)增引物)和EC-MBL-Lectin-QR-R(反向擴(kuò)增引物)(表1),以18S rRNA為內(nèi)參基因(薛蓓等, 2017)。實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR反應(yīng)使用SYBR Premix Ex TaqⅡ試劑盒(大連寶生物),PCR反應(yīng)體系為20 μl:2×SYBR Premix Ex TaqTMⅡ10.0 μl,ddH2O 4.0 μl,cDNA 4.0 μl,EC-MBL-Lectin- QR-F1 0.8 μl,EC-MBL- Lectin-QR-R1 0.8 μl,ROX Reference Dye 0.4 μl。
PCR反應(yīng)程序:95℃ 30 s;95℃ 5 s,60℃ 31 s,40個(gè)循環(huán);95℃ 15 s,60℃ 60 s,95℃ 15 s (熔解曲線程序)。
每天記錄各組實(shí)驗(yàn)中脊尾白蝦的死亡個(gè)體數(shù),計(jì)算累積死亡率,公式如下:
(%)=[Dt+2+……+Dt]/×100
為累積死亡率,為脊尾白蝦死亡個(gè)體數(shù)數(shù),t為記錄天數(shù),為每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)組中脊尾白蝦的總數(shù)目。
采用SPSS 18.0和Excel軟件對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,并采用單因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)進(jìn)行差異顯著性分析,在顯著性結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上應(yīng)用Tukey法進(jìn)行多重比較(<0.05為差異顯著,<0.01為極顯著差異)。
利用熒光定量來研究MBL基因在脊尾白蝦不同組織中的表達(dá)特征,檢測(cè)結(jié)果如圖1所示。MBL基因在肝胰腺中表達(dá)量最高,且與其他組織存在顯著性差異(<0.05);在其他組織(心臟、卵巢、胃、鰓、眼柄、腸和肌肉)中幾乎不表達(dá)。
肌肉發(fā)白的脊尾白蝦(購自菜市場(chǎng))利用熒光定量對(duì)其MBL基因不同組織的表達(dá)特征進(jìn)行分析,檢測(cè)結(jié)果如圖1所示,其中,在肝胰腺中表達(dá)量最高,且與其他組織存在顯著差異(<0.05),其次是心臟?;疾〗M和健康組比對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)(圖1),MBL基因在患病蝦的肝胰腺和心臟中表達(dá)量較健康蝦顯著增加。
圖1 脊尾白蝦MBL在健康蝦和患病蝦的不同組織的表達(dá)特征分析
E: 眼柄; S: 胃; He: 肝胰腺; H: 心臟; G: 鰓; I: 腸; M: 肌肉; O: 卵巢
*表示與對(duì)照組差異顯著(<0.05),**表示與對(duì)照組差異極顯著(<0.01)。下同
E: Eye stalk; S: Stomach; He: Liver and pancreas; H: Heart; G: Sputum; I: Intestine; M: Muscle; and O: Gonad
* indicates a significant difference from the control group (<0.05), and ** indicates a significant difference from the control group (<0.01). The same as below
總體而言,與對(duì)照組相比,各脅迫組中脊尾白蝦的MBL基因在肝胰腺中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量隨時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而增加,但脊尾白蝦MBL基因在肝胰腺中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量在不同濃度鎘離子隨時(shí)間的變化出現(xiàn)明顯的差異(圖2)。鎘離子濃度為0.01 mmol/L時(shí),脊尾白蝦MBL基因在肝胰腺中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量基本呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢(shì),但在6 h和24 h時(shí)有上升趨勢(shì),與對(duì)照組差異顯著(<0.05);鎘離子濃度分別為0.0175、0.021和0.0278 mmol/L時(shí),在脅迫初期,脊尾白蝦MBL基因在肝胰腺中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量基本沒有變化,在12 h后呈上升趨勢(shì),3種濃度均在脅迫72 h時(shí)達(dá)到高峰,并與對(duì)照組差異顯著(<0.01),72 h之后開始下降。
脊尾白蝦MBL基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量在RNA干擾后的變化如圖3所示。重金屬鎘脅迫后,干擾組和對(duì)照組脊尾白蝦MBL基因在肝胰腺中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量均呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),但干擾組和對(duì)照組相比,干擾組脊尾白蝦MBL基因在肝胰腺中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量均低于對(duì)照組。在6、12、24、48、72和96 h時(shí),RNA干擾組和對(duì)照組的脊尾白蝦MBL基因在肝胰腺中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量出現(xiàn)顯著性差異(<0.01)。
圖2 不同鎘離子濃度脅迫下脊尾白蝦MBL表達(dá)量
脊尾白蝦累積死亡率在RNA干擾前后存在顯著差異,如圖4所示,鎘脅迫后的0、3、6 h 3個(gè)時(shí)間段,干擾組和對(duì)照組脊尾白蝦的累積死亡率基本相同,但在12、24、48、72和96 h后,干擾組的累積死亡率顯著高于對(duì)照組。
圖3 RNA干擾后脊尾白蝦MBL表達(dá)量隨時(shí)間的變化
圖4 RNA干擾后脊尾白蝦累積死亡率隨時(shí)間的變化
早期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),甲殼類動(dòng)物凝集素在血細(xì)胞或肝胰腺中的表達(dá)量最高,因此,這些組織被認(rèn)為是甲殼類動(dòng)物防御系統(tǒng)中重要的器官(S?derh?ll, 1998; Gross, 2001),本研究在脊尾白蝦MBL的組織特異性表達(dá)分析中發(fā)現(xiàn),脊尾白蝦MBL在肝胰腺中表達(dá)最多,并與其他組織存在顯著性差異,因此,作者認(rèn)為肝胰腺是脊尾白蝦MBL主要的效應(yīng)組織。與肌肉發(fā)白的患病蝦進(jìn)行比對(duì)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),患病蝦MBL在肝胰腺的表達(dá)量較健康蝦顯著增加,這可能說明MBL在肝胰腺發(fā)揮著相應(yīng)的應(yīng)激作用。研究表明,蝦蟹對(duì)重金屬鎘的積累具有明顯的組織特異性,主要富集在鰓、甲殼和肝胰腺(Silvestre, 2004、2005),而肝胰腺又是脊尾白蝦MBL的主要效應(yīng)組織。
為了探討MBL在重金屬鎘離子脅迫下的表達(dá)特征,本研究利用4種重金屬鎘離子濃度進(jìn)行脅迫,發(fā)現(xiàn)較高濃度的鎘離子誘導(dǎo)MBL在肝胰腺中的表達(dá)量呈先上升后下降的趨勢(shì),鎘離子濃度較低時(shí),MBL的表達(dá)量整體呈下降趨勢(shì)。在先前的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),鎘離子脅迫后水生生物機(jī)體內(nèi)抗氧化酶活力和丙二醛(許星鴻等, 214)、黃嘌呤氧化酶(劉偉成等, 2006)、熱休克蛋白(生安志等, 2016)出現(xiàn)先上升后下降的趨勢(shì),這與本研究中MBL在脊尾白蝦受到鎘離子脅迫后出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果相一致。因此,脊尾白蝦MBL對(duì)鎘離子具有一定的應(yīng)激作用,但Cd2+脅迫后脊尾白蝦MBL發(fā)揮作用存在著時(shí)間和劑量問題,高劑量的Cd2+會(huì)誘導(dǎo)脊尾白蝦MBL發(fā)揮應(yīng)激作用。
為進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證脊尾白蝦MBL基因是否與鎘離子脅迫有直接的關(guān)系,本研究進(jìn)一步利用RNA干擾技術(shù)對(duì)脊尾白蝦MBL基因進(jìn)行干擾研究。熒光定量結(jié)果顯示,干擾組脊尾白蝦MBL基因在肝胰腺中的相對(duì)表達(dá)量均低于對(duì)照組,說明干擾是成功的。在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步對(duì)MBL表達(dá)受到干擾的脊尾白蝦進(jìn)行鎘離子脅迫,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),干擾組的死亡率也顯著高于對(duì)照組。由上述實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果推測(cè),這可能由脊尾白蝦對(duì)鎘離子抵御能力降低導(dǎo)致。以往的研究已經(jīng)證實(shí),金屬硫蛋白(MT)具有重金屬解毒的作用,在缺失MT基因的酵母基因轉(zhuǎn)入MT基因,酵母便對(duì)重金屬銅產(chǎn)生了抗性(Thiele, 1986),過量表達(dá)MT基因的轉(zhuǎn)基因小鼠和蒼蠅()提高了對(duì)重金屬鎘的耐受性(Liu, 1995; Tang, 2011),因此,我們認(rèn)為當(dāng)脊尾白蝦受重金屬鎘離子脅迫后,脊尾白蝦MBL發(fā)揮了一定的抵御作用,但其應(yīng)答機(jī)制尚需進(jìn)一步研究。
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Biological Functional Analysis of MBL Gene in Resistance to Cadmium Stress in
XU Wanyuan1, MA Hangke1, SUN Jinqiu1, DUAN Jiancheng1, DENG Gaowei1, GAO Huan1,2,3,4, YAN Binlun1,2,3,4①
(1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005; 2. Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Huaihai Institute of Technology, Lianyungang 222005; 3. Jiangsu Provincial Infrastructure for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014; 4. Marine Resource Development Institute of Jiangsu (Lianyungang), Lianyungang 222005)
In order to study the expression profile of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) in response to the stress of heavy metal cadmium (Cd2+) in the ridgetail white prawn,,changes of MBL expression level during 96 h of stress were analyzed in the tissue of hepatopancreas. Five Cd2+stress concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.0175, 0.021 and 0.0278 mmol/L) were set up in the experiment, and the samples were taken at 8 time points, i.e. 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after Cd2+stress. The real-time fluorescence quantitative results showed that under the stress of high concentration of Cd2+(0.0175, 0.021 and 0.0278 mmol/L), the expression level of MBL gene in the ridgetail white prawn increased first, then decreased after reaching the peak at 72 h. There are significant differences between experimental group and control group at all the stress time points. When the cadmium ion was 0.01 mmol/L, a lower concentration, the expression level of MBL gene in the ridgetail white prawn tends to decrease from the beginning. Further interfering down the expression level of MBL using the RNA technology, it was discovered that the mortality rate of Cd2+stressed individuals were higher than those of the control group. This study showed that MBL potentially took part in the protection offrom Cd2+stress.
; MBL; Cadmium; RNA interference; Acute toxicity test
YAN Binlun, E-mail: yanbinlun1962@163.com
S917.4
A
2095-9869(2020)04-0174-07
10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20190402002
http://www.yykxjz.cn/
徐莞媛, 馬杭柯, 孫金秋, 段健誠, 鄧高威, 高煥, 閻斌倫. 脊尾白蝦甘露糖結(jié)合凝集素(MBL)基因在抗鎘脅迫中的生物學(xué)功能分析. 漁業(yè)科學(xué)進(jìn)展, 2020, 41(4): 174–180
Xu WY, Ma HK, Sun JQ, Duan JC, Deng GW, Gao H, Yan BL. Biological functional analysis of MBL gene in resistance to cadmium stress in. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2020, 41(4): 174–180
* 江蘇省高等學(xué)校自然科學(xué)研究重大項(xiàng)目(17KJA240001)、2017年淮海工學(xué)院研究生科研創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(XKYCXX2017-11)和江蘇省優(yōu)勢(shì)學(xué)科建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目共同資助 [This work was supported by Major Natural Science Research Projects in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province (17KJA240001), Graduate Research Innovation Project of Huaihai Institute of Technology (XKYCXX2017-11), and Construction Project of Superiority Discipline in Jiangsu Province]. 徐莞媛, E-mail: 742705425@qq.com
閻斌倫,教授,E-mail: yanbinlun1962@163.com
2019-04-02,
2019-04-30
(編輯 馮小花)