黃志群
[摘要] 目的 探討醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化護(hù)理模式在食管癌同期放化療患者中的運(yùn)用效果。方法 隨機(jī)選擇2017年10月—2018年10月治療的食管癌同期放化療患者96例作為對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表將患者分為對(duì)照組(n=48)和觀察組(n=48)。對(duì)照組對(duì)象在食管癌放化療治療過(guò)程中采用常規(guī)護(hù)理措施,觀察組對(duì)象則在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上增加醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化護(hù)理措施。比較兩組患者干預(yù)前后SAS評(píng)分、SDS評(píng)分及干預(yù)后生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分、不良反應(yīng)及護(hù)理滿意度。 結(jié)果 ①干預(yù)前兩組SAS評(píng)分和SDS評(píng)分差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)后觀察組的SAS評(píng)分和SDS評(píng)分均低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。②干預(yù)后觀察組各項(xiàng)生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);③觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為16.7%,顯著少于對(duì)照組(41.7%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=15.116,P<0.05);④觀察組護(hù)理滿意度為100.0%,顯著高于對(duì)照組(83.3%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=18.221,P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 對(duì)食管癌同期放化療患者采用醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化護(hù)理模式的護(hù)理效果好,可以有效的降低患者不良反應(yīng),減少治療時(shí)的焦慮、抑郁情況,提高患者生活質(zhì)量,獲得更加的護(hù)理滿意度,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化;食管癌;放化療;效果
[中圖分類號(hào)] R5 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2020)04(c)-0150-03
Discussion on the Application of Integrated Nursing Mode of Medical Care and Patient in Patients with Esophageal Cancer Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
HUANG Zhi-qun
Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510000 China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of integrated nursing mode of medical care and patient care in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Methods A total of 96 patients with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for esophageal cancer treated from October 2017 to October 2018 were randomly selected as subjects, and the patients were divided into a control group(n=48) and an observation group(n=48) using a random number table. The subjects in the control group used routine nursing measures during radiotherapy and chemotherapy for esophageal cancer, while the subjects in the observation group added integrated medical care to patient care based on the control group. The SAS score, SDS score, quality of life score, adverse reactions, and nursing satisfaction of the two groups were compared before and after the intervention. Results 1.There was no significant difference in SAS scores and SDS scores between the two groups before the intervention (P>0.05); the SAS scores and SDS scores of the observation group after the intervention were lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). 2.The quality of life scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after the intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); 3.The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 16.7%, which was significantly less than the control group (41.7%), The difference was statistically significant (χ2=15.116, P<0.05); 4.the nursing satisfaction of the observation group was 100%, significantly higher than the control group (83.3%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=18.221, P<0.05). Conclusion The nursing effect of the integrated medical care and patient care mode for esophageal cancer patients undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy is good, which can effectively reduce the adverse reactions of patients, reduce anxiety and depression during treatment, improve the quality of life of patients, and obtain more nursing satisfaction, which is worth promoting and applying.
[Key words] Integration of medical care and patient; Esophageal cancer; Radiotherapy and chemotherapy; Effect
食管癌是一種常見(jiàn)的消化道腫瘤現(xiàn)象。全球每年死于食管癌的數(shù)量高達(dá)30萬(wàn)人之多。我國(guó)是世界上食管癌高發(fā)的地區(qū)之一[1]。平均每年有15萬(wàn)以上的患者死于食管癌,且男性發(fā)病率高于女性,以中年以上人群居多[2-3]。其臨床表現(xiàn)為吞咽食物時(shí)產(chǎn)生阻塞感,進(jìn)行性咽下困難。由于食管癌在早期發(fā)現(xiàn)后進(jìn)行有效的治療對(duì)患者有良好的愈合功效,手術(shù)治療是其首選方式且綜合療效較好[4-5]。食管癌嚴(yán)重的可以引發(fā)患者嘔血、喉返神經(jīng)麻痹、吸入性肺炎等狀況。食管癌同期放化療是食管癌的治療模式中的一種,主要針對(duì)的是不可切除的食管癌腫瘤。在治療后采取護(hù)理的方式對(duì)治療的結(jié)果具有顯著的影響[6-7]?;诖?,該研究隨機(jī)選取該院2017年10月—2018年10月食管癌同期放化療患者96例作為研究對(duì)象,探索醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化護(hù)理措施對(duì)食管癌同期放化療患者的影響,報(bào)道如下。
1 ?資料與方法
1.1 ?一般資料
隨機(jī)抽取在該院門診及住院部治療的食管癌同期放化療患者96例,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為觀察組(n=48)及對(duì)照組(n=48)。在對(duì)照組48例納入對(duì)象中,男性患者23例,女性患者25例;年齡范圍為51~76歲,平均(58.25±4.54)歲;病程1~4年,平均(2.7±0.5)年。觀察組48例,男26例,女22例,年齡52~71歲,平均(57.54±4.35)歲;病程1~4年,平均(2.6±0.5)年。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)病理學(xué)檢查確診為食管癌;②在干預(yù)過(guò)程依從性高;③已行食管癌同期放化療治療措施;④患者及家屬簽署知情同意書(shū),且自愿入組。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患精神病或意識(shí)障礙癥的患者予以排除;②依從性差的患者予以排除。
1.2 ?方法
對(duì)照組行常規(guī)護(hù)理模式,具體方法如下:睡覺(jué)時(shí)將枕頭墊頭高于肩部,防止胃食管反流;飯前避免油煙味等氣味刺激,飲食上保證色、香、味、形俱全,增進(jìn)患者的食欲,且保持促其搭配,少食多餐;保證患者身體蛋白質(zhì)的攝入。
觀察組患者給予常規(guī)護(hù)理的基礎(chǔ)上加強(qiáng)醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化護(hù)理措施:①心理引導(dǎo),患者在行食管癌同期放化療治療過(guò)程中,醫(yī)護(hù)人員應(yīng)當(dāng)密切留意患者心理變化及情緒波動(dòng),多于患者進(jìn)行有效溝通,獲取患者心中疑惑并及時(shí)解答,適當(dāng)時(shí)候?qū)颊哌M(jìn)行心理引導(dǎo),樹(shù)立正確的、積極的康復(fù)信念。②飲食護(hù)理,患者長(zhǎng)期受食管不適影響,導(dǎo)致其食欲變差,從而產(chǎn)生消極、焦慮、抑郁心理,護(hù)理人員要根據(jù)患者的口味選擇適合的飲食搭配,降低其焦慮狀況。③健康教育:醫(yī)護(hù)人員對(duì)患者及家屬進(jìn)行疾病、治療方案、護(hù)理過(guò)程相關(guān)知識(shí)與注意事項(xiàng),引導(dǎo)患者及家屬積極配合治療。④責(zé)任機(jī)制的建立:醫(yī)護(hù)團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)每位患者建立詳細(xì)的檔案,評(píng)估患者病情與家庭情況,并積極聽(tīng)取患者及家屬的意見(jiàn)與需求。建立醫(yī)護(hù)患交流群,及時(shí)解答患者及家屬疑問(wèn)。⑤出院指導(dǎo):對(duì)患者制定出院計(jì)劃與建議,并通過(guò)電話、微信等隨訪,接受患者反饋,并給予相應(yīng)的遠(yuǎn)程康復(fù)指導(dǎo)。
1.3 ?觀察指標(biāo)
①比較干預(yù)前后兩組患者SAS、SDS評(píng)分;②采用改良版生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分量表,主要評(píng)估其生理功能、社會(huì)功能、情感功能、精神功能等;③統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組患者不良反應(yīng)率及護(hù)理滿意度,護(hù)理滿意度=(非常滿意+滿意+良好)/總數(shù)×100.00%
1.4 ?統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
該研究對(duì)獲取數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行處理,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以百分比(%)表示,χ2檢驗(yàn);P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 ?結(jié)果
2.1 ?兩組SAS、SDS評(píng)分比較
干預(yù)前兩組SAS評(píng)分和SDS評(píng)分不具有差異統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);干預(yù)后觀察組的SAS評(píng)分和SDS評(píng)分均低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 ?兩組生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分比較
干預(yù)后觀察組各項(xiàng)生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 ?兩組不良反應(yīng)比較
觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為16.7%,顯著少于對(duì)照組(41.7%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 ?兩組護(hù)理滿意度比較
觀察組護(hù)理滿意度為100.0%,顯著高于對(duì)照組(83.3%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
3 ?討論
同期放化療是希望利用放療和化療的協(xié)同與互補(bǔ)作用以提高醫(yī)護(hù)人員的局控率[8-9]。在治療食管癌同期放化療患者的過(guò)程中,護(hù)理干預(yù)尤為重要,現(xiàn)階段我國(guó)對(duì)食道癌的治療大多采用常規(guī)分割放射治療方法,并且在術(shù)后加強(qiáng)心理干預(yù),可明顯減輕患者的焦慮、抑郁癥狀,大大提高了護(hù)理滿意度[10-11]。導(dǎo)致食管癌的很大一部分原因是因?yàn)榄h(huán)境和不良的飲食習(xí)慣。臨床檢查食管癌主要采用CT、纖維胃鏡檢查、食管鏡檢查、組織病理學(xué)檢查等[12]。醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化護(hù)理作為一種新型的護(hù)理模式,我國(guó)現(xiàn)在供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革對(duì)其起到了一定的影響。因此完善醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化可以改善現(xiàn)有護(hù)理體制,加強(qiáng)創(chuàng)新護(hù)理的管理,對(duì)現(xiàn)有的護(hù)理服務(wù)模式做到改善[13]。因此,良好的醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化護(hù)理至關(guān)重要,在臨床上效果顯著。從該研究結(jié)果表1來(lái)看,干預(yù)前,觀察組的SAS評(píng)分和SDS評(píng)分與對(duì)照組差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。干預(yù)后,觀察組的SAS評(píng)分和SDS評(píng)分分別為(51.58±3.15)分與(51.08±3.58)分,顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),提示醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化護(hù)理對(duì)食管癌同期放化療患者的情緒及心理有正面積極的效果。從該研究表2中可知,干預(yù)后觀察組的各項(xiàng)生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),同時(shí)觀察組的不良反應(yīng)率為16.7%,顯著低于對(duì)照組(χ2=15.116,P<0.05)。與相關(guān)學(xué)者報(bào)道一致,其報(bào)道中顯示給予醫(yī)患一體化護(hù)理的食管癌放化療觀察組患者的各項(xiàng)生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分均顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),同時(shí)觀察組患者不良反應(yīng)率為14.71%,顯著低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。另外,該研究中的觀察組的護(hù)理滿意度為100%,顯著高于對(duì)照組(χ2=18.221,P<0.05),提示醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化護(hù)理中,從心理、飲食、健康教育、責(zé)任機(jī)制及出院指導(dǎo)等多方位進(jìn)行護(hù)理,可整體改善患者生活質(zhì)量,減少其不良反應(yīng),從而提升護(hù)理滿意度。
綜上所述,對(duì)于食管癌同期放化療患者采用醫(yī)護(hù)患一體化護(hù)理模式的護(hù)理效果好,可以有效的降低患者不良反應(yīng),減少治療時(shí)的焦慮、抑郁情況,提高患者生活質(zhì)量,獲得更加的護(hù)理滿意度,值得推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2020-01-07)