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呼氣試驗對胃排空延遲診斷價值的meta分析

2020-07-04 03:18白穎高維叢佳琳程淑莉趙興杰張力楊曉暉
中國醫(yī)藥導報 2020年14期
關鍵詞:Meta分析診斷價值

白穎 高維 叢佳琳 程淑莉 趙興杰 張力 楊曉暉

[摘要] 目的 評估呼氣試驗對胃排空延遲的診斷價值。 方法 檢索PubMed、the Cochrane library、中國知網(wǎng)、萬方、維普、中國生物醫(yī)學文獻等數(shù)據(jù)庫,搜集國內(nèi)外關于呼氣試驗診斷胃排空延遲的診斷性試驗,檢索時間均為建庫至2018年4月。采用固定效應模型進行薈萃分析,研究指標包括敏感度、特異度、陽性似然比、陰性似然比、診斷比值比以及曲線下面積(AUC)。 結果 共納入10項研究涉及434名研究對象。呼氣試驗對延遲胃排空的鑒別診斷敏感度為0.826(95%CI:0.728~0.894),特異度為0.876(95%CI:0.800~0.925),AUC為0.92。陽性似然比為6.640(95%CI:3.987~11.060),陰性似然比為0.198(95%CI:0.122~0.321)。 結論 呼氣試驗在胃排空延遲中有較高診斷價值,期待在臨床進一步推廣應用。

[關鍵詞] 呼氣試驗;胃排空延遲;診斷價值;診斷性試驗;meta分析

[中圖分類號] R619? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)05(b)-0125-06

Diagnostic accuracy of breath test in detection of delayed gastric emptying: a meta-analysis

BAI Ying1? ?GAO Wei2? ?CONG Jialin2? ?CHENG Shuli2? ?ZHAO Xingjie3? ?ZHANG Li4? ?YANG Xiaohui5,6

1.College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing? ?100029, China; 2.the Second Clinical Medical College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing? ?100078, China; 3.Department of Gastroenterology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing? ?100078, China; 4.Department of Endocrinology, Dongfang Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing? ?100078, China; 5.Department of Endocrinology, Dongzhimeng Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing? ?100700, China; 6.Traditional Chinese Medicine Master LYU Heren Work Station at Dongfang Hospital Affilated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing? ?100078, China

[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of breath test for delayed gastric emptying. Methods Database include PubMed, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM were searched to collect exsiting diagnostic accuracy tests on delayed gastric emptying diagnosed, the retrieval time was from database construction to April 2018. The fixed effect model was used for meta-analysis, and the research indicators included sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and the area under the curve (AUC). Results Ten studies with 434 objects were included. The sensitivity of breath test for diagnosis of delayed gastric emptying was 0.826 (95%CI: 0.728 to 0.894), and the specificity was 0.876 (95%CI: 0.800 to 0.925). The AUC was 0.92. The combined positive likelihood ratio was 6.640 (95%CI: 3.987 to 11.060), and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.198 (95%CI: 0.122 to 0.321). Conclusion Breath test is a useful tool for detecting delayed gastric emptying with a relatively high sensitivity and specificity. It is expected to be applied in clinic.

[Key words] Breath test; Delayed gastric emptying; Diagnostic value; Diagnostic test; Meta-analysis

胃排空延遲主要表現(xiàn)為早飽、食欲下降、腹脹、惡心、嘔吐等癥狀[1-2],嚴重者甚至貧血、體重下降,嚴重影響患者的生活質量。除消化系統(tǒng)疾病外,糖尿病[3-4]、帕金森病[5]及一些手術[6-7]也可導致胃排空延遲。胃排空延遲的準確判定對臨床上評價病情、決定治療方案有重要指導意義。目前認為放射性核素掃描法是診斷胃排空延遲的金標準[8-9]。但該方法不足之處在于:檢查時間過長,患者依從性低、可重復性較差[10];兒童、孕婦等特殊人群不適合放射性核素檢查;核素掃描儀器昂貴,難以普及[11];世界各地缺乏統(tǒng)一的實施和評判標準,不同醫(yī)療中心在開展檢測前須根據(jù)健康人群確定正常值范圍。

1993年,Ghoos等[12]首先報道了應用13C辛酸呼氣試驗診斷胃排空延遲的方法,至今在診斷消化系統(tǒng)疾病中已運用數(shù)十年[13-14]。通過口服與食物結合的同位素13C,檢測不同時段13C含量,就可間接反映胃腸道動力情況[15-16]。與核素掃描法比較,呼氣試驗簡單、經(jīng)濟、可重復性高[17],有望成為診斷胃排空延遲的理想替代方法[18-19]。本研究對目前已報道的診斷性試驗進行綜合評價,為呼氣試驗診斷胃排空延遲提供更多的證據(jù)支持。

1 資料與方法

1.1 納入與排除標準

1.1.1 研究類型? 公開發(fā)表的關于呼氣試驗診斷胃排空延遲的診斷性試驗研究。語種為中文或英文。

1.1.2 研究對象? 病例組為為胃排空時間延遲的人群,對照組為健康人群。

1.1.3 診斷方法? 待評價試驗為呼氣試驗,以胃排空核素掃描法作為胃排空延遲診斷的金標準。

1.1.4 結局指標? 敏感度(Sen)、特異度(Spe)、陽性似然比(+LR)、陰性似然比(-LR)、診斷比值比(DOR)以及SROC曲線下面積(AUC)。

1.1.5 排除標準? ①畢業(yè)論文;②無對照組或以非健康人群為對照組;③關鍵數(shù)據(jù)不全;④重復發(fā)表;⑤病例組診斷標準不明確。

1.2 文獻檢索策略

檢索PubMed、the Cochrane library、CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP、CBM等數(shù)據(jù)庫,搜集國內(nèi)外關于呼氣試驗診斷胃排空延遲的診斷性試驗,檢索時間均為建庫起至2018年4月。檢索詞為“呼氣試驗”“胃排空”“breath test”“gastric emptying”,采用主題詞與自由詞結合的方式進行檢索,檢索策略以PubMed為例列舉如下。見圖1。

1.3 資料提取

由兩名評價員進行文獻篩選和數(shù)據(jù)提取,相互核對結果,遇到分歧時由第三方?jīng)Q定或者小組內(nèi)討論決定。資料提取內(nèi)容包括:①基本信息:題目、作者、發(fā)表時間、原始出處、診斷標準、試餐性質等;②基線特征:研究的樣本量、病例組基本信息、對照組基本信息;③四格表數(shù)據(jù):即真陽性(TP)、假陽性(FP)、真陰性(TN)、假陰性(FN);④靈敏度(%)=TP/(TP+FN)、特異度(%)=TN/(FP+TN)。

1.4 文獻質量評價

由兩名研究員進行文獻質量評價,如有異議則第三方?jīng)Q定或者小組內(nèi)討論裁定。納入研究的方法學質量評價選擇QUADAS-2工具,各條目的評價標準包括“是”“否”“不清楚”3種,“是”為滿足此標準;“否”為不滿足此標準;“不清楚”為部分滿足該標準或者從文獻中不能得到充足的信息。如果QUADAS-2評分≥10分,則認為文獻質量較高。

1.5 統(tǒng)計學方法

使用STATA 12.0軟件進行meta分析。根據(jù)ROC曲線和Spearman相關系數(shù)判斷是否存在閾值效應,如果存在閾值效應,則繪制擬合SROC曲線并計算AUC。采用Cochrane-Q檢驗判斷是否存在非閾值效應所致異質性,從而決定采用固定效應模型還是隨機效應模型。提取數(shù)據(jù)后計算所納入研究的合并Sen、Spe、+LR、-LR、DOR等指標,繪制SROC曲線并計算AUC。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。應用Deek′s漏斗圖評估發(fā)表偏倚。

2 結果

2.1 文獻檢索結果

初檢共獲得相關文獻1165篇,其中PubMed檢索得到668篇,Cochrane library 281篇,CNKI 52篇,WanFang Data 69篇,VIP 34篇,CBM 61篇,通過其他途徑補充得到文獻2篇,通過閱讀題目與摘要、排除重復研究后,最終納入10篇研究[12,21-29]。見圖2。

2.2 納入研究基本特征及質量評價

共納入來自8個國家的10篇研究[12,21-29],其中2篇[25-26]來自美州,2篇[23-24]來自亞洲,1篇[25]來自澳洲,5篇[12,26-29]來自歐洲。所有文獻均以核素閃爍掃描法作為診斷胃排空延遲的金標準。10篇文獻[12,21-29]共納入胃排空延遲患者149例,健康對照者285名,具體信息、納入研究質量評價見表1,圖3。

2.3 異質性檢驗

進行異質性檢驗,ROC曲線圖不呈“肩臂狀”分布,Spearman相關系數(shù)為0.025(P = 0.05),提示不存在閾值效應。異質性檢驗所得Q = 1.332,P = 0.257,Sen、Spe、+LR、-LR、DOR的Q值分別為14.94(P = 0.09)、13.37(P = 0.15)、12.65(P = 0.18)、16.37(P = 0.06)、12.92(P = 0.17),各研究間無異質性。

2.4 meta分析

BT診斷胃排空延遲合并Sen為0.826(95%CI:0.728~0.894)、合并Spe為0.876(95%CI:0.800~0.925)、合并+LR為6.640(95%CI:3.987~11.060)、合并-LR為0.198(95%CI:0.122~0.321)、合并DOR為33.506(95%CI:14.671~76.525)。見圖4~8。由驗前概率(20%)和+LR(7)推算出62%的驗后概率,由驗前概率和0.20的-LR推算出5%的驗后概率(圖9)。SROC AUC=0.92(圖10)。

2.5 發(fā)表偏倚

Deek′s漏斗圖得到P = 0.443,提示本meta分析結果不存在發(fā)表偏倚。見圖11。

3 討論

本研究納入10項研究[12,21-29](胃排空延遲患者149例,健康對照者285例),對呼氣試驗診斷胃排空延遲進行系統(tǒng)評價,結果顯示各研究的合并Sen為0.83,合并Spe為0.88,AUC為0.92,提示呼氣試驗對診斷胃排空延遲具有很高的臨床價值。通過研究也可發(fā)現(xiàn)呼氣試驗的一些缺陷,如呼氣試驗所得半排時間與核素掃描不一致,這可能與13C在體內(nèi)的代謝有關,可通過相關公式對結果進行矯正[30]。

截至目前,作者尚未檢索到其他同類研究,本研究可能是首個判斷胃排空延遲呼氣試驗診斷準確性的meta分析。然而本研究仍存在一定局限性:研究者缺乏部分數(shù)據(jù)庫的訪問權限和灰色文獻的獲取方式;納入研究較少、各研究中的樣本量也較小;研究對象以白人為主且年齡跨度較大,基礎疾病存在差異;各醫(yī)療中心在試驗時試餐的固相或液相的選擇不同,以上因素均限制了研究結果的普適性。

綜上,呼氣試驗是檢測胃排空延遲的有效方法,具有較高的Sen和Spe,未來需要更多關于呼氣試驗的大樣本、多中心、設計優(yōu)良的診斷試驗,以客觀評估其診斷價值,推廣臨床應用。

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(收稿日期:2019-10-21? 本文編輯:劉永巧)

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