王維東
Passage 1
[1] 作為中國(guó)浙江省省會(huì)城市,杭州是中國(guó)著名歷史文化名城。距今約5300多年的良渚文化遺址(位于杭州余杭區(qū))是中華文明發(fā)祥地之一。
[2] 杭州以美麗的山水著稱于世。中國(guó)古代諺語(yǔ)“上有天堂,下有蘇杭”表達(dá)出古往今來(lái)人們對(duì)于這座美麗城市的由衷喜愛(ài)。位于杭州西南的西湖,以其秀麗的湖光山色和眾多名勝古跡而成為聞名中外的旅游勝城,2011年被正式列入《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。此外,氣勢(shì)浩蕩的錢江大潮,每年吸引無(wú)數(shù)游客。
[3] 杭州擁有豐富的歷史文化遺跡。南起杭州,北到北京的京杭大運(yùn)河始建于1631年,全長(zhǎng)約1797公里,是世界上最長(zhǎng)、最古老的人工水道。2014年6月22日,京杭大運(yùn)河正式入選《世界遺產(chǎn)名錄》。
[4] 在世界上,杭州也頗具有知名度。13世紀(jì),意大利著名旅行家馬可·波羅(Marco Polo)在游記中贊嘆杭州為“世界上最美麗之城”。2011年,杭州曾被美國(guó)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》評(píng)為全球41個(gè)旅游城市之一,被聯(lián)合國(guó)評(píng)為“國(guó)際花園城市”。
[5] 杭州還曾在中美建交過(guò)程中扮演重要角色,2015年1月,中國(guó)提出發(fā)展“旅游外交”。杭州作為著名旅游城市,又率先實(shí)踐“旅游外交”。
【參考譯文】
[1] Located on Chinas southeast coast, Hangzhou is the capital of Zhejiang Province and a historically and culturally famed city. Its Yuhang area, the site of the prehistoric Liangzhu culture which existed more than 5,300 years ago, is one of the origins of Chinese civilization.
[2] Hangzhou is well known for its beautiful hills, rivers and lakes. The old proverb “Find heaven in Suzhou and Hangzhou” best expresses peoples heartfelt, abiding love for this fabulous city. The West Lake southwest of Hangzhou has already become a tourist destination with renowned scenic spots and historical sites. It was added to the UNESCOs World Heritage List in 2011. Besides, the tidal waves of the vast and mighty Qiantang River attracts numerous tourists each year.
[3] Hangzhou boasts many sites of historical or cultural interest. The Grand Canal from Hangzhou to Beijing began construction in 1631. It is about 1,797 kilometers long, in fact the worlds longest and oldest manmade waterways. It became included on the World Heritage List on June 22nd, 2014.
[4] Hangzhou is famous outside of China as well. Marco Polo, the 13th-century Italian traveler, lauded it in his travel notes as “the worlds most beautiful city.” In 2011, Hangzhou was added to the list of the 41 tourist cities around the world by the New York Times, a leading newspaper in the U.S.A., and won the status of a “global garden city” at the United Nations.
[5] Hangzhou played a big role, too, in forging Sino-U.S. diplomatic relations. In January, 2015, when China launched the idea of “tourist diplomacy,” Hangzhou as a prestigious tourist city took the lead along that line.
【譯評(píng)】
[1]這段原文及其英譯有四點(diǎn)值得留意:第一,“作為中國(guó)……省會(huì)城市,杭州是……歷史文化名城”在邏輯上稍有缺陷?!白鳛椤币鲂姓匚唬笆恰币鰵v史文化地位,但實(shí)際上,這兩個(gè)地位之間并無(wú)必然關(guān)聯(lián)。在以下三個(gè)例句中:① “作為我工作的一部分,我接受這一責(zé)任”表明了身份和態(tài)度之間的關(guān)聯(lián);②“作為一名教師,我想看到我的學(xué)生獲得成功”表明了身份和愿望之間的關(guān)聯(lián);③“作為一名有爭(zhēng)議的公眾人物,他毅然對(duì)付了許多帶有敵意的批評(píng)”表明了身份和行為之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。換言之,身份介紹與后面跟出的句子之間應(yīng)有明確的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián)。鑒于此,英譯將這兩個(gè)地位并列:… is the capital… and a… famed city. 第二,在“良渚文化遺址(位于杭州余杭區(qū))”這個(gè)短語(yǔ)里,“遺址”是主要信息(所以在括號(hào)外),“位于……區(qū)”是次要或附屬信息(所以在括號(hào)內(nèi))。但英譯先提余杭區(qū),然后用同位語(yǔ)引出關(guān)于遺址的信息:Its Yuhang area, the site of… 因?yàn)楸疚囊庠谛麄骱贾荼旧?,而良渚文化遺址只是碰巧在杭州,所以才被順帶提到。第三,請(qǐng)注意“歷史和文化名城”寫成英文時(shí)的語(yǔ)法規(guī)范。應(yīng)該是副詞historically and culturally加定語(yǔ)famed,不該寫成形容詞historical and cultural。又例:an environmental friendly city中的environmental friendly寫法錯(cuò)誤,應(yīng)該是environmentally friendly。第四,“距今約5300多年”譯成more than 5,300 years ago,沒(méi)有了about;因?yàn)閙ore than這一提法,乃至300這個(gè)有整沒(méi)零的尾數(shù)本身,都暗示了約數(shù),而非確數(shù);about即使用了也多余。
[2]第一,英譯對(duì)“古往今來(lái)”作了輕處理(abiding的字面意思是“始終不渝的”),這類合理變通在翻譯中是允許的。第二,本段開頭譯“山水”時(shí),已經(jīng)具體給出了“hills, rivers and lakes”,所以,稍后用籠統(tǒng)的scenic spots來(lái)對(duì)應(yīng)“湖光山色”,這是英譯規(guī)避用詞重復(fù)的一種手段。同理,如果前面已經(jīng)用eat and drink來(lái)對(duì)應(yīng)“吃喝”,后面就可以用籠統(tǒng)的festivity來(lái)規(guī)避重復(fù)。第三,因?yàn)楹竺娴谒亩卫锾岬?,“在世界上,杭州也有……知名度”,所以英譯只用renowned一筆帶過(guò),隱去了“中外”的意思,以保證全文邏輯的貫通。第四,英譯對(duì)“秀麗的”和“勝城”作了輕處理,或者索性不予體現(xiàn)。中文往往喜歡把話說(shuō)滿,英文則相對(duì)低調(diào)。
[3] 英譯用過(guò)渡性短語(yǔ)in fact,既使句子結(jié)構(gòu)更為緊湊,也凸顯了邏輯上的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。
[4] 第一,雖然報(bào)紙名New York Times之前不加定冠詞the,但在英文的實(shí)際行文中一般會(huì)加。第二,“國(guó)際花園城市”不能想當(dāng)然地譯成an international garden city,要查英文原話的出處。至少要有考后查詢的意識(shí)。第三,原文在“曾被美國(guó)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》評(píng)為……”之后,緊接著又用一遍被動(dòng)式“被聯(lián)合國(guó)評(píng)為……”,而英譯時(shí)為了避免語(yǔ)態(tài)重復(fù),則可處理為一個(gè)被動(dòng),另一個(gè)主動(dòng);但主動(dòng)式“won the status of…”之后跟出的介詞,不能還是by,應(yīng)該改用at。
[5] 第一,“中美”譯成Sino-U.S.,其中的Sino源自古拉丁語(yǔ)。建議三筆考生熟記以下各個(gè)用法:Russo-French(俄法),F(xiàn)ranco-Russian(法俄),Anglo-Chinese(英中),Sino-British(中英),Italo-French(意法),等等。請(qǐng)注意這些復(fù)合詞中前一半的詞尾-o。第二,用took the lead along that line來(lái)譯“率先實(shí)踐‘旅游外交”,也是為了避免無(wú)謂的重復(fù)。? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?□