鄒文莉 牛文利 楊華應(yīng) 巫升鑫 周應(yīng)兵 余文 張興偉 吳新儒 丁安明 代常波 劉貫山 孫玉合 王衛(wèi)鋒
摘 ?要:煙草青枯病是一種典型的維管束細(xì)菌性病害,嚴(yán)重影響我國煙葉生產(chǎn)。為了解煙草青枯病抗性突變體的遺傳規(guī)律和開發(fā)抗性相關(guān)分子標(biāo)記,本研究選用EMS誘變烤煙品種翠碧一號獲得的煙草青枯病抗性突變體486-K和117-K為研究對象,以翠碧一號和2個突變體為親本,構(gòu)建了兩個不同的雜交組合,采用卡方檢驗和植物數(shù)量性狀“主基因+多基因”混合遺傳模型分析方法,進(jìn)行群體遺傳效應(yīng)分析。結(jié)果表明,卡方檢驗顯示突變體486-K和117-K的F2代各病級株數(shù)呈正態(tài)分布,存在一定性狀分離。“主基因+多基因”混合模型分析發(fā)現(xiàn)突變體117-K的最優(yōu)抗性遺傳模型為2MG-A,即2對主基因為加性效應(yīng)控制遺傳,無顯性效應(yīng)和上位性效應(yīng),主基因的遺傳效率為78.57%;突變體486-K的最優(yōu)抗性遺傳模型為2MG-ADI,即2對加性-顯性-上位性主基因模型,上位性效應(yīng)中以顯性×顯性互作和顯性×加性互作效應(yīng)較大,主基因遺傳效率為88.34%。表明煙草青枯病抗性突變體的遺傳方式以主基因效應(yīng)為主,受環(huán)境影響較小。
關(guān)鍵詞:煙草;青枯病;突變體;主基因+多基因;遺傳分析
Genetic Analysis of Bacterial Wilt Resistance Mutants 486-K and 117-K
in Tobacco
ZOU Wenli1,2, NIU Wenli1,2, YANG Huaying3, WU Shengxin4, ZHOU Yingbing3, YU Wen4, ZHANG Xingwei1, WU Xinru1, DING Anming1, DAI Changbo1, LIU Guanshan1, SUN Yuhe1*, WANG Weifeng1*
(1. Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3. Tobacco Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230001, China; 4. Tobacco Science Research Institute, Fujian Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Fuzhou 350024, China)
Abstract: Tobacco bacterial wilt is a typical vascular bundle bacterial disease that seriously affects tobacco production in China. In order to understand the genetic basis of tobacco bacterial wilt resistance mutants and develop molecular markers related to resistance, and to provide theoretical basis for breeding high quality resistant varieties, in this study, tobacco bacterial wilt resistance mutants 486-K and 117-K obtained by EMS mutagenesis of flue-cured tobacco variety Cuibi 1 were selected as research objects, and Cubi 1 and the two mutants were used as parents to construct two different hybrid combinations. The analysis method of population genetic effect was carried out by using the analysis method of Chi-square test and "major-gene + polygene" mixed genetic model of plant quantitative traits. The results showed that, based on the Chi-square test, the number of disease-level strains of F2 generation of mutants 486-K and 117-K showed a normal distribution, and showed some trait separation. Analysis of the "major-gene + polygene" mixed model showed that 2MG-A was the optimal genetic model for resistance in mutant 117-K, with two pairs of major genes showing additive effects without dominant or epistatic effect, and the genetic efficiency of major genes being 78.57%. The optimal resistance genetic model for mutant 486-K was 2MG-ADI, or the two pairs of additive-dominant-epigenetic master gene model. Among the epistatic effects, the dominant × dominant interaction and dominant × additive interaction effects were larger, and the genetic efficiency of the main genes was 88.34%. It was indicated that the inheritance of tobacco bacterial wilt resistance mutants was dominated by main gene effect and less affected by the environment.
Keywords: tobacco; bacterial wilt; mutant; major-gene+polygene; genetic analysis
煙草青枯病作為一種細(xì)菌性病害,是由青枯雷爾式菌(Ralstonia solanancearum)引起的土傳病害,在煙草苗期和大田期均可發(fā)生。該菌寄主范圍廣,可侵染54個科近450余種作物,如花生、番茄、辣椒等,嚴(yán)重影響了許多重要經(jīng)濟作物的生長,對農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成嚴(yán)重經(jīng)濟損失[1-2]。在我國,煙草青枯病主要發(fā)生在長江以南地區(qū),近年來逐步向北方地區(qū)蔓延。目前煙草青枯病的防治方法有農(nóng)業(yè)防治、化學(xué)防治、生物防治等,這些方法仍存在較多問題,不能有效抑制青枯病[3-5]。培育抗病品種是防治青枯病最根本、有效的途徑。而培育抗病品種,首先需要選擇高抗青枯病的材料作抗源,同時掌握抗性基因的遺傳規(guī)律。
近年來關(guān)于煙草青枯病抗性遺傳的研究較多,但在研究材料、環(huán)境、方法等方面存在差異,因此青枯病的抗性遺傳機理還沒有統(tǒng)一的定論。高加明等[6]對香料煙品種Xanthi進(jìn)行青枯病抗性遺傳分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)該品種的抗性是受2對加性-顯性-上位主基因+加性-顯性多基因控制;而MATSUDA等[7]認(rèn)為Xanthi中存在的抗性是受到局部顯性基因Rxa影響。QIAN等[8]根據(jù)次要基因座對青枯病發(fā)生率和指數(shù)的累加效應(yīng),認(rèn)為云煙85、DB101等品種的抗性以加性效應(yīng)遺傳為主。張振臣等[9-10]利用“主基因+多基因”混合遺傳模型聯(lián)合分析方法對廣東地方曬煙品種GDSY-1和“大葉密合”進(jìn)行遺傳分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)GDSY-1抗性遺傳的顯性程度高,符合2對加性-顯性-上位性主基因+加性-顯性-上位性多基因模型,主基因遺傳率高;而另一曬煙品種“大葉密合”為部分隱性遺傳,符合2對加性-顯性-上位性主基因+加性-顯性多基因模型。由于前人研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不同品種的抗性遺傳規(guī)律存在較大差異,不利于抗性品種的選育,因此煙草青枯病的優(yōu)質(zhì)抗源有待深入研究和挖掘。
本研究選取的煙草青枯病抗性突變體486-K和117-K在田間表現(xiàn)為抗性較高,可探究其抗性基因的遺傳規(guī)律。利用翠碧一號×突變體為親本(組合),構(gòu)建F1和F2群體,根據(jù)各世代在田間的抗病性表現(xiàn)進(jìn)行抗性基因的遺傳規(guī)律分析,為培育煙草抗青枯病新品種提供試驗基礎(chǔ)。
1 ?材料與方法
1.1 ?試驗材料
甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)誘變處理烤煙品種翠碧一號(CB)獲得的抗青枯病突變體:486-K、117-K(中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院煙草所突變體庫提供)。
以烤煙品種翠碧一號為母本P1,突變體486-K和117-K為父本P2,形成CB×486-K和CB×117-K組合,雜交獲得F1代,F(xiàn)1代自交收種獲得F2群體,最終形成P1、P2、F1、F2世代。
1.2 ?試驗設(shè)計
試驗于2018年在安徽省宣城市寒亭鎮(zhèn)(N30°55′3.12″,E118°32′58.29″)進(jìn)行。田間種植行距為1.2 m,株距為0.5 m。P1、P2、F1代采用隨機區(qū)組設(shè)計,3次重復(fù),每次重復(fù)分別種植15株。F2代不設(shè)置重復(fù),CB×117-K F2代調(diào)查植株309株,CB×486-K F2代調(diào)查植株340株。
1.3 ?病情調(diào)查
按照煙草病害分級及調(diào)查方法YC/T 39—1996行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的調(diào)查方法,以株為單位詳細(xì)調(diào)查發(fā)病情況,并計算病情指數(shù)。
病情指數(shù)=[Σ(各級病株或葉數(shù)×該病級值)/(調(diào)查總株數(shù)或葉數(shù)×最高級值)]×100
1.4 ?數(shù)據(jù)分析
采用Microsoft Excel和SPSS 20.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理與統(tǒng)計分析。采用卡方檢驗和植物數(shù)量性狀“主基因+多基因”混合遺傳模型分析方法[11-12]進(jìn)行遺傳分析。根據(jù)本研究中的田間煙草青枯病抗性調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),計算2個組合的極大似然函數(shù)值和AIC(Akaike's Information Criterion)值。通過IECM算法[12-13]得到5類24種模型,依據(jù)AIC值最小的準(zhǔn)則選擇最佳候選模型,同時進(jìn)行5個統(tǒng)計量、、、Smirnov(nW2)和Kolmogorov(Dn)適合性檢驗,根據(jù)檢驗結(jié)果選擇最優(yōu)遺傳模型。采用最小二乘法從最優(yōu)遺傳模型的各成分分布參數(shù)估計各基因效應(yīng)值,分析各組合的遺傳效應(yīng)。
2 ?結(jié) ?果
2.1 ?病圃青枯病發(fā)病情況統(tǒng)計
2個組合各世代青枯病單株病級分布情況如表1,2個組合中P2代的病級大多集中在0級和1級,其中CB×117-K P2代的病情指數(shù)為19.6,CB×486-K P2代的病情指數(shù)為23.8,均表現(xiàn)為抗病。P1代的病級分布主要集中在3級和4級,2個組合中P1代的病情指數(shù)均為95.6,表現(xiàn)為高感青枯病。CB×117-K F1和CB×486-K F1的病情指數(shù)分別為93.8和96.2,均接近P1代的病情指數(shù),且無0級
完全抗病植株存在,說明F1代表現(xiàn)為感病。2個組合F2代病情指數(shù)分別為51.8和46.2,以CB×486-K組合為例(圖1),通過SPSS 20.0軟件對F2代各病級株數(shù)進(jìn)行正態(tài)分布分析(卡方檢驗),發(fā)現(xiàn)直方圖中頻數(shù)分布有明顯的波峰,且偏度≈0,說明F2代各病級株數(shù)呈正態(tài)分布;Q-Q圖檢驗看出各頻數(shù)基本分布在直線附近,則進(jìn)一步驗證服從正態(tài)分布。CB×117-K F2代的卡方檢驗結(jié)果同CB×486-K。該結(jié)果表明2個組合的F2代均存在一定性狀分離,可以進(jìn)行下一步遺傳規(guī)律分析。
2.2 ?“主基因+多基因”混合模型遺傳分析
利用“主基因+多基因”混合模型[13]分別對2個組合的單株病級數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,得到各個組合5類24種模型的AIC值(表2)。根據(jù)AIC值較小原則選擇最佳模型。組合CB×117-K中,AIC值較低的有MX2-AD-AD、2MG-ADI和2MG-A模型;組合CB×486-K中,AIC值較低的有MX1-AD-ADI、MX2-ADI-ADI、MX2-ADI-AD和2MG-ADI模型。將以上模型分別作為各抗源抗性的備選模型。
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基金項目:中國煙草總公司科技重大專項項目“煙草青枯病抗性基因定位及翠碧一號新品系培育”(110201601030);中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新工程(ASTIP-TRI02)
作者簡介:鄒文莉(1995-),女,在讀碩士生,主要研究方向為分子遺傳育種。E-mail:zouwenli950806@163.com
*通信作者,E-mail:sunyuhe@caas.cn;wangweifeng@caas.cn
收稿日期:2019-12-11 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?修回日期:2020-03-25