王穎君 酈惠艷 姜波 吳慧鋒 史飛飛 黃連華
[摘要] 目的 探討超高分辨率眼前節(jié)OCT在結(jié)膜增生性疾病診斷中的應(yīng)用效果。 方法 選取2017年1月~2018年12月浙江大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院及北侖分院眼科門診收治的150例(150眼)結(jié)膜增生性疾病患者作為研究組。另選同期在我院進(jìn)行體檢的結(jié)膜正常者80例(80眼)作為對照組。統(tǒng)計分析超高分辨率眼前節(jié)OCT在瞼裂斑,翼狀胬肉及鱗狀上皮瘤等結(jié)膜增生性疾病中臨床診斷與病理診斷的符合率。觀察分析瞼裂斑,翼狀胬肉及鱗狀上皮瘤等結(jié)膜增生性疾病的特征性表現(xiàn)。 結(jié)果 150例(150眼)結(jié)膜增生患者臨床診斷為瞼裂斑患者30例(30眼),翼狀胬肉患者100例(100眼),以及眼表鱗狀細(xì)胞瘤的患者20例(20眼)。與病理學(xué)診斷相比,UHR-OCT診斷瞼裂斑診斷符合率為100.00%(30/30),翼狀胬肉診斷符合率100.00%(98/98),眼表鱗狀細(xì)胞瘤診斷符合率為90.91%(20/22),經(jīng)統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。瞼裂斑患者圖像特征:生長在角鞏膜緣處停止,且角膜上未見隆起,與前彈力層間未見高反射信號,與鞏膜間未見明顯分界。翼狀胬肉患者圖像特征:結(jié)膜上皮厚度輕度增厚,上皮層表現(xiàn)為中等程度的高反射,角膜上皮與前彈力層間表現(xiàn)為較高程度的高反射信號。OSSN患者圖像特征:結(jié)膜上皮增厚,呈高反射,結(jié)膜正常上皮與異常上皮轉(zhuǎn)變突然,無過渡區(qū)域,深部組織間上皮內(nèi)可見瘤變。 結(jié)論 超高分辨率眼前節(jié)OCT在結(jié)膜增生性疾病的診斷中具有較高的準(zhǔn)確性,且影像特征明顯,具有廣闊的臨床應(yīng)用前景。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 超高分辨率;OCT;結(jié)膜增生;瞼裂斑;翼狀胬肉;眼表鱗狀上皮瘤
[中圖分類號] R777.3? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-9701(2020)07-0044-03
Application of ultra-high resolution anterior segment optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis of conjunctival proliferative diseases
WANG Yingjun1? ?LI Huiyan1? ?JIANG Bo2? ?WU Huifeng1? ?SHI Feifei1? ?HUANG Lianhua1
1.Department of Ophthalmology, Beilun Branch, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo? ?315800, China; 2.Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou? ?310003, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the application effect of ultra-high resolution anterior segment OCT in the diagnosis of conjunctival proliferative diseases. Methods A total of 150 patients(150 eyes) with conjunctival proliferative disease who were admitted to the the outpatient clinic of ophthalmology in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University and Beilun Branch from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected as the study group. 80 patients(80 eyes) with normal conjunctiva who underwent physical examination during the same period in our hospital were selected as the control group. The coincidence rate of ultra-high resolution anterior segment OCT in clinical diagnosis and pathological diagnosis of conjunctival proliferative diseases such as pinguecula, pterygium and squamous epithelioma was statistically analyzed. The characteristic manifestations of conjunctival proliferative diseases such as pinguecula, pterygium and squamous epithelioma were observed and analyzed. Results 150 patients(150 eyes) with conjunctival hyperplasia were diagnosed as 30 patients with pinguecula(30 eyes), 100 patients with pterygium(100 eyes), and 20 patients with squamous epithelioma(20 eyes). Compared with pathological diagnosis, the diagnostic coincidence rate of UHR-OCT in the diagnosis of pinguecula was 100.00%(30/30), the diagnostic coincidence rate of pterygium was 100.00%(98/98), and the diagnostic coincidence rate of squamous epithelioma was 90.91%(20/22). After statistical analysis, the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05). Image characteristics of patients with pinguecula: Growth stopped at the edge of corneosclera, and no bulge was seen in the cornea. There was no high reflection signal between the front elastic layer and no obvious boundary between the sclera. Image characteristics of patients with pterygium: The conjunctival epithelial thickness was slightly thickened, the epithelial layer was shown moderately high reflection, and the corneal epithelium and the pre-elastic layer was shown a higher degree of high reflection signal. Image characteristics of patients with OSSN: Thickening of the conjunctival epithelium was seen, with high reflection. The transition was sudden from normal conjunctiva epithelial to abnormal epithelial, without transitional zone. Neoplasia was seen in the deep interepithelial tissues. Conclusion The ultra-high resolution anterior segment OCT has high accuracy in the diagnosis of conjunctival proliferative diseases, and the imaging features are obvious, which has broad clinical application prospects.
[Key words] Ultra-high resolution; OCT; Conjunctival proliferation; Pinguecula; Pterygium; Squamous epithelioma
結(jié)膜增生性疾病是眼科門診常見的眼表疾病,其種類繁多,而臨床上最為多見的有結(jié)膜變性疾病翼狀胬肉和瞼裂斑,以及結(jié)膜腫瘤眼表鱗狀上皮瘤(Ocular surface squamous neoplasia,OSSN)[1]。目前對于這些結(jié)膜增生性疾病,術(shù)前診斷主要依據(jù)病史,裂隙燈檢查。一旦遇上不典型病例時,鑒別診斷就相對困難,容易導(dǎo)致誤診,造成治療延誤[2]。光學(xué)相干斷層成像技術(shù)(Optical coherence tomography,OCT)已被證實在眼科檢查中具有非常突出的作用,起初主要用于眼后節(jié)的成像,在眼底疾病診斷和隨訪中顯示出明顯的優(yōu)勢[3,4]。隨著光學(xué)相干斷層技術(shù)的發(fā)展,超高分辨率眼前節(jié)光學(xué)相干斷層成像儀(Ultra-high resolution OCT,UHR-OCT)得到研發(fā)和應(yīng)用[5]。本研究通過觀察不同結(jié)膜增生性疾病在前節(jié)超高分辨率OCT圖像上的特征性表現(xiàn),并結(jié)合病理學(xué)診斷,探討前節(jié)超高分辨OCT在結(jié)膜增生性疾病診斷及鑒別診斷中的應(yīng)用價值,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2017年1月~2018年12月浙江大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院及北侖分院眼科門診收治的150例(150眼)結(jié)膜增生性疾病患者作為研究組,其中男性患者82例(82眼),女性患者68例(68眼),平均年齡(45.31±8.19)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①年齡30~60歲;②對本研究內(nèi)容知悉,自愿參與并簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并其他眼部疾病或眼部感染性疾病者;②存在眼部外傷或眼部手術(shù)史者;③合并全身系統(tǒng)性疾病者;④妊娠期及哺乳期女性。另選同期在我院進(jìn)行體檢的結(jié)膜正常者80例(80眼)作為對照組,其中男41例,女39例,平均年齡(46.17±5.98)歲。兩組研究對象性別比率、平均年齡等一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
①所有研究對象均進(jìn)行常規(guī)眼科檢查,包括視力、裂隙燈、眼底常規(guī)檢查。眼前節(jié)照相,記錄病灶形態(tài)。②眼前節(jié)OCT檢查:選用德國海德堡公司生產(chǎn)的SPEC-TR-04000C超高分辨率光學(xué)相干斷層掃描儀,所有患者由同一個檢驗師進(jìn)行檢查。拍取圖像,觀察病灶的大小和形態(tài);觀察病灶是否侵犯角膜上皮下組織以及上皮下組織的反射性。反射性:同一部位反射較正常者高為高反射,反之為低反射。③病理學(xué)檢查:瞼裂斑,翼狀胬肉要求手術(shù),以及擬診眼表鱗狀細(xì)胞瘤的患者預(yù)約門診手術(shù)切除術(shù)。標(biāo)本行常規(guī)病理學(xué)檢查,得出病理診斷結(jié)果,統(tǒng)計與臨床診斷的符合率。
1.3 評價指標(biāo)
統(tǒng)計分析超高分辨率眼前節(jié)OCT在瞼裂斑、翼狀胬肉及鱗狀上皮瘤等結(jié)膜增生性疾病中臨床診斷與病理診斷的符合率。觀察分析瞼裂斑、翼狀胬肉及鱗狀上皮瘤等結(jié)膜增生性疾病在超高分辨率眼前節(jié)OCT圖像上的特征性表現(xiàn)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計數(shù)資料以百分率表示,采用χ2檢驗,計量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 UHR-OCT臨床診斷及其病理診斷的符合率
經(jīng)UHR-OCT成像系統(tǒng)檢測,150例(150眼)結(jié)膜增生患者臨床診斷為瞼裂斑患者30例(30眼),翼狀胬肉患者100例(100眼),以及眼表鱗狀細(xì)胞瘤的患者20例(20眼)。通過病理學(xué)檢驗下,瞼裂斑患者30例(30眼),翼狀胬肉患者98例(98眼),以及眼表鱗狀細(xì)胞瘤的患者22例(22眼)。與病理學(xué)診斷相比,UHR-OCT診斷瞼裂斑診斷符合率為100.00%(30/30),翼狀胬肉診斷符合率100.00%(98/98),眼表鱗狀細(xì)胞瘤診斷符合率為90.91%(20/22),經(jīng)統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.2 對照組研究對象UHR-OCT圖像特征
通過UHR-OCT成像系統(tǒng),對照組結(jié)膜正常者圖像特征:結(jié)膜上皮不規(guī)則,較薄,表現(xiàn)為輕度高反射,角膜上方的淚膜層呈高反射,角膜呈線性結(jié)構(gòu),較規(guī)則,上皮較薄。見封三圖3。
2.3 瞼裂斑患者UHR-OCT圖像特征
通過UHR-OCT成像系統(tǒng),瞼裂斑患者圖像特征:生長在角鞏膜緣處停止,且角膜上未見隆起,與前彈力層間未見高反射信號,與鞏膜間未見明顯分界。見封三圖4。
2.4 翼狀胬肉患者UHR-OCT圖像特征
通過UHR-OCT成像系統(tǒng),翼狀胬肉患者圖像特征:結(jié)膜上皮厚度輕度增厚,上皮層表現(xiàn)為中等程度的高反射,角膜上皮與前彈力層間表現(xiàn)為較高程度的高反射信號。見封三圖5。
2.5 OSSN患者UHR-OCT圖像特征
通過UHR-OCT成像系統(tǒng),OSSN患者圖像特征:結(jié)膜上皮增厚,呈高反射,結(jié)膜正常上皮與異常上皮轉(zhuǎn)變突然,無過渡區(qū)域,深部組織間上皮內(nèi)可見瘤變。見封三圖6。
3 討論
目前國內(nèi)對于眼前節(jié)OCT的研究主要集中在其在角膜、前房房角、虹膜晶狀體結(jié)構(gòu)的檢查應(yīng)用。已有研究證明,應(yīng)用前節(jié)OCT技術(shù)對角膜疾病診斷的實例分析(如角膜炎、角膜營養(yǎng)不良、角結(jié)膜腫物、圓錐角膜及角膜移植手術(shù)等),探討其在角膜病領(lǐng)域的適應(yīng)證,從而指導(dǎo)臨床醫(yī)生應(yīng)用該項技術(shù)[6-8]。對于前節(jié)OCT在結(jié)膜增生性疾病診斷中的應(yīng)用尚未見相關(guān)報道。但有學(xué)者提出眼前節(jié)OCT在結(jié)膜增生性疾病術(shù)后隨訪中具有一定的應(yīng)用價值[9-11]。UHR-OCT檢測能夠獲得清晰、細(xì)微的眼表結(jié)構(gòu)圖像,能夠精確地顯示角膜、前房房角、虹膜晶狀體結(jié)構(gòu)并可定量檢測,特別是因為其非接觸的檢查方式,避免了檢查給患者造成的不適感, 也避免了因此造成的感染和損傷,而且操作方便,因此應(yīng)用于各種角膜、青光眼、外傷、白內(nèi)障等前節(jié)疾病的診斷分類和隨診[12,13]。
結(jié)膜增生性疾病是眼科臨床較為常見的疾病之一,其中不典型的OSSN極易誤診為翼狀胬肉,又因翼狀胬肉切除術(shù)常規(guī)不行病理檢查,就非常容易導(dǎo)致治療延誤、術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)以及腫瘤擴(kuò)散等嚴(yán)重后果[14,15]。澳大利亞的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)OSSN誤診為翼狀胬肉的概率更高,達(dá)9.8%[16]。所以尋求一種簡便有效的術(shù)前檢查方法,為判斷結(jié)膜增生性疾病其性質(zhì)提供輔助依據(jù)很有必要。有學(xué)者提出印跡細(xì)胞學(xué)方法對疑似OSSN病例進(jìn)行檢查,雖然敏感性和特異性均達(dá)90%以上,但其操作比較復(fù)雜,接觸性檢查給患者帶來不適感[17]。也有人提出應(yīng)用共焦顯微鏡觀察結(jié)膜增生性疾病的細(xì)胞學(xué)形態(tài),但目前大多數(shù)文獻(xiàn)集中研究的是翼狀胬肉的細(xì)胞形態(tài)及血流,缺乏研究眼表新生物的報道,而且共焦顯微鏡檢查也是一項接觸性檢查,同時患者配合度要求較高,圖像容易受干擾[18]。
本研究結(jié)果表明,UHR-OCT檢測在結(jié)膜增生性疾病中與病理診斷結(jié)果符合率無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,進(jìn)一步證明UHR-OCT檢測能夠準(zhǔn)確地進(jìn)行結(jié)膜增生性疾病的診斷及鑒別診斷,正如Shousha MA等[19]研究結(jié)果表明,將前節(jié)OCT譽(yù)為“光學(xué)活檢”技術(shù),通過UHR-OCT應(yīng)用于眼表新生物或腫瘤的早期診斷和治療效果的觀察,并與組織病理結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比,證實UHR-OCT具有很高的臨床診斷能力。另外,本研究進(jìn)一步明確翼狀胬肉、瞼裂斑和鱗狀上皮瘤三類結(jié)膜增生性疾病在UHR-OCT檢測圖像上的特征性改變,拓寬UHR-OCT檢測在眼表增生性疾病中的適應(yīng)癥。Chen D等[20]應(yīng)用超高分辨率眼前節(jié)OCT技術(shù)評價翼狀胬肉術(shù)后繃帶式角膜接觸鏡的治療效果,提出作為一種非接觸式檢查手段,眼前節(jié)OCT是監(jiān)測胬肉術(shù)后角膜上皮愈合的理想工具,可為適時取出繃帶式角膜接觸鏡提供參考[20]。
綜上所述,超高分辨率眼前節(jié)OCT在結(jié)膜增生性疾病的診斷中具有較高的準(zhǔn)確性,且影像特征明顯,具有廣闊的臨床應(yīng)用前景。
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(收稿日期:2019-05-16)