国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

加味調(diào)胃承氣湯對(duì)老年髖部骨折術(shù)后患者胃腸功能恢復(fù)及腸道菌群的影響

2020-04-27 08:34梁志鏘陳述祥
中外醫(yī)學(xué)研究 2020年6期
關(guān)鍵詞:腸道菌群便秘

梁志鏘 陳述祥

【摘要】 目的:探究加味調(diào)胃承氣湯治療老年髖部骨折術(shù)后患者胃腸功能失調(diào)的效果及對(duì)腸道菌群的影響。方法:選擇2017年11月-2019年6月于筆者所在醫(yī)院進(jìn)行髖部骨折手術(shù)且術(shù)后出現(xiàn)便秘、腹脹等胃腸功能失調(diào)的老年患者70例,根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為中藥治療組(n=35)和西藥對(duì)照組(n=35)。選取同期進(jìn)行體檢的健康老年受試者35例作為健康對(duì)照組。中藥治療組口服加味調(diào)胃承氣湯,西藥對(duì)照組口服枸櫞酸莫沙必利分散片,記錄兩組治療后首次排便情況、首次排氣時(shí)間、便秘評(píng)分。對(duì)中藥治療組治療前后及健康對(duì)照組腸道菌群進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)并分析。結(jié)果:中藥治療組總有效率明顯高于西藥對(duì)照組,且首次排氣時(shí)間早于西藥對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。治療后1、2、4周中藥治療組便秘評(píng)分均低于西藥對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。中藥治療組治療前雙歧桿菌和乳酸桿菌均少于健康對(duì)照組,腸桿菌、腸球菌均多于健康對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。中藥治療組治療后雙歧桿菌、乳酸桿菌均多于治療前,腸桿菌、腸球菌均少于治療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:加味調(diào)胃承氣湯的療效優(yōu)于枸櫞酸莫沙必利分散片,主要通過(guò)增加雙歧桿菌、乳酸桿菌及降低腸桿菌和腸球菌以治療老年髖部骨折術(shù)后胃腸功能失調(diào)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 加味調(diào)胃承氣湯 老年髖部骨折 便秘 腸道菌群

[Abstract] Objective: To explore the efficacy of Modified Tiaowei Chengqi Decoction in the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery and its effect on intestinal flora. Method: Seventy elderly patients with hip fractures who underwent hip fractures surgery from November 2017 to June 2019 and had constipation, abdominal distension and other gastrointestinal dysfunction after surgery were selected. Patients were divided into the Chinese medicine treatment group (n=35) and the western medicine control group (n=35) according to the random number table. And 35 healthy elderly subjects who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the healthy control group. The Chinese medicine treatment group adopted oral Modified Tiaowei Chengqi Decoction, while the western medicine control group adopted oral Mosapride Citrate Dispersible Tablets. The first defecation, first exhaust time and constipation score of the two groups after treatment were recorded. The intestinal flora of the Chinese medicine treatment group before and after treatment and the healthy control group were monitored and analyzed. Result: The total effective rate of the Chinese medicine treatment group was significantly higher than that of the western medicine control group, and the first exhaust time was earlier than that of the western medicine control group (P<0.05). After 1, 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the scores of constipation in the Chinese medicine treatment group were lower than those of the western medicine control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, the bifidobacteria and lactobacillus were less than those of the healthy control group, while the enterobacteria and enterococcus were more than those of the healthy control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, bifidobacterium and lactobacillus were more than those before treatment, while enterobacterium and enterococcus were less than those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The effect of Modified Tiaowei Chengqi Decoction is better than Mosapride Citrate Dispersible Tablets, mainly by increasing bifidobacterium, lactobacillus and reducing enterobacterium and enterococcus to treat gastrointestinal dysfunction in elderly patients after hip fracture surgery.

髖部骨折為老年人常見(jiàn)骨折類型之一,主要由于骨質(zhì)疏松所致[1]。研究顯示,到2050年,50%以上的骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折將發(fā)生在亞洲[2-3]。胃腸功能失調(diào)、排便困難是老年髖部骨折術(shù)后的常見(jiàn)癥狀[4]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),62.3%髖部骨折患者于術(shù)后出現(xiàn)便秘等情況,不僅增加了術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),還延長(zhǎng)了患者住院時(shí)間,使醫(yī)護(hù)人員工作量顯著增加[5-6]。研究認(rèn)為,腸道菌群失調(diào)是胃腸功能紊亂、排便困難的主要原因[7]。促進(jìn)腸道有益菌的生長(zhǎng)可以增強(qiáng)腸蠕動(dòng),從而治療便秘?,F(xiàn)代西醫(yī)治療便秘的方法包括導(dǎo)瀉、灌腸、運(yùn)動(dòng)、增加水和高纖維食物攝入等。但導(dǎo)瀉及灌腸等方法復(fù)發(fā)率高,且長(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用會(huì)對(duì)藥物產(chǎn)生依賴性[8]。祖國(guó)傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)在治療本病方面積累了豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),但關(guān)于采用中醫(yī)藥治療老年髖部骨折術(shù)后胃腸功能失調(diào)的研究較少。因此,本研究選取2017年11月-2019年6月老年髖部骨折術(shù)后胃腸功能失調(diào)患者70例,以了解加味調(diào)胃承氣湯治療效果及對(duì)腸道菌群的影響。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選擇2017年11月-2019年6月于筆者所在醫(yī)院進(jìn)行髖部骨折手術(shù)且術(shù)后出現(xiàn)便秘、腹脹等胃腸功能失調(diào)的老年患者70例及同期進(jìn)行體檢的健康老年受試者35例。便秘診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照2011年北美護(hù)理診斷協(xié)會(huì)制定的相關(guān)內(nèi)容:排便次數(shù)減少,排便時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)且糞質(zhì)干燥,肛門長(zhǎng)時(shí)間無(wú)排氣及腸鳴音減弱[8]。70例患者納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)年齡65~85歲,診斷為髖部骨折;(2)骨折前無(wú)胃腸功能失調(diào)及習(xí)慣性便秘;(3)近1個(gè)月內(nèi)未服用過(guò)抗生素、微生態(tài)制劑及通便類藥物。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)結(jié)直腸及肛門器質(zhì)性病變;(2)入院后出現(xiàn)休克、昏迷、消化道出血等嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥;(3)術(shù)后無(wú)法自主進(jìn)食;(4)過(guò)敏體質(zhì)或?qū)Χ喾N藥物過(guò)敏。健康老年受試者納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)年齡65~85歲,身體健康;(2)平時(shí)無(wú)功能性便秘等消化道功能失調(diào)癥狀;(3)近1個(gè)月內(nèi)未服用過(guò)抗生素、微生態(tài)制劑及通便類藥物。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):過(guò)敏體質(zhì)或?qū)Χ喾N藥物過(guò)敏。根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將70例患者分為中藥治療組和西藥對(duì)照組,各35例。將健康老年受試者設(shè)為健康對(duì)照組,共35例。三組年齡、性別比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見(jiàn)表1。研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),受試者簽署知情同意書(shū)。

1.2 方法

中藥治療組采用加味調(diào)胃承氣湯:熟大黃15 g,芒硝15 g,甘草10 g,人參15 g,黃芪15 g。中藥湯劑均于筆者所在醫(yī)院中藥房煎煮,1劑/d,早晚溫服。西藥對(duì)照組采用枸櫞酸莫沙必利分散片(成都康弘藥業(yè)集團(tuán)股份有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20031110),5 mg/次,每天早中晚飯前服用。兩組均持續(xù)治療4周。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

(1)治療前和治療后1、2、4周采用Cleveland便秘評(píng)分量表評(píng)估患者便秘程度??偡譃?0分,<12分為無(wú)明顯便秘,12~23分為輕度便秘,>23分為重度便秘[9]。(2)依據(jù)《中醫(yī)病證診斷療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià)首次排便情況。術(shù)后1 d內(nèi)排便且便質(zhì)松軟,排便通暢為治愈;術(shù)后2 d內(nèi)排便,腹脹等癥狀基本消失,便質(zhì)不干燥,排便較通暢為顯效;術(shù)后3 d內(nèi)排便,但排便不通暢為好轉(zhuǎn);治療后癥狀無(wú)改善為無(wú)效[10]??傆行?(治愈+顯效+好轉(zhuǎn))/總例數(shù)×100%。記錄兩組首次排氣時(shí)間。(3)腸道菌群數(shù)量。在無(wú)菌環(huán)境下取新鮮糞便1.0 g,勻漿稀釋后放于雙歧桿菌、乳酸桿菌、腸桿菌和腸球菌培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)。其中雙歧桿菌、乳酸桿菌培養(yǎng)48 h,腸桿菌、腸球菌培養(yǎng)24 h,行糞便涂片[11]。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

研究數(shù)據(jù)用SPSS 25.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件處理,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用F檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 中藥治療組與西藥對(duì)照組便秘評(píng)分比較

治療前兩組便秘評(píng)分比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后1、2、4周中藥治療組便秘評(píng)分均低于西藥對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。

2.2 中藥治療組與西藥對(duì)照組首次排便情況比較

中藥治療組總有效率為91.43%,明顯高于西藥對(duì)照組的80.00%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。

2.3 中藥治療組與西藥對(duì)照組首次排氣時(shí)間比較

中藥治療組首次排氣時(shí)間為(21.35±4.71)h,早于西藥對(duì)照組的(34.92±8.30)h,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-8.414,P<0.05)。

2.4 中藥治療組與健康對(duì)照組腸道菌群數(shù)量比較

中藥治療組治療前雙歧桿菌和乳酸桿菌均少于健康對(duì)照組,腸桿菌、腸球菌均多于健康對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后,中藥治療組乳酸桿菌、腸球菌與健康對(duì)照組比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后,中藥治療組雙歧桿菌、腸桿菌均少于健康對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。中藥治療組治療后雙歧桿菌、乳酸桿菌均多于治療前,腸桿菌、腸球菌均少于治療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。

3 討論

目前,髖部骨折為老年人常見(jiàn)的骨折類型之一,治療方式包括保守治療及手術(shù)治療。Pincus等[12]通過(guò)對(duì)42 230例髖部骨折患者進(jìn)行分析,建議患者入院后盡快進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療。由于術(shù)中麻醉、術(shù)后長(zhǎng)時(shí)間臥床及術(shù)后焦慮、抑郁等情緒均可導(dǎo)致植物神經(jīng)功能障礙,造成胃腸蠕動(dòng)減弱,再加上老年患者體虛,術(shù)后常使用抗生素治療,容易導(dǎo)致腸道菌群失調(diào),且術(shù)后早期介入鎮(zhèn)痛也會(huì)引起胃腸道排空延遲,故患者在術(shù)后極易出現(xiàn)胃腸功能失調(diào),從而出現(xiàn)腹脹、便秘等癥狀[13]。西醫(yī)治療術(shù)后便秘常使用緩瀉劑及導(dǎo)瀉法,但沒(méi)有從根本上改善患者腸道功能,且長(zhǎng)時(shí)間使用會(huì)使患者產(chǎn)生耐藥性[14]。

中醫(yī)將本病歸為“脾約”“便秘”范疇,多因情志不暢、飲食不節(jié)、年老體虛或感受外邪等因素導(dǎo)致臟腑功能失調(diào),特別是脾胃功能失調(diào),從而導(dǎo)致大腸傳導(dǎo)失司,氣機(jī)不暢,糟粕內(nèi)停于腸道。老年髖部骨折術(shù)后患者脾胃虛弱,運(yùn)化失司,升降失調(diào)致濁氣存中,從而出現(xiàn)腹脹、便秘等。本次研究采用加味調(diào)胃承氣湯治療老年髖部骨折術(shù)后胃腸功能失調(diào)。加味調(diào)胃承氣湯以調(diào)胃承氣湯為主方,方中以大黃瀉熱通下,芒硝咸寒潤(rùn)下,甘草緩中以和大黃、芒硝之寒性;又因老年患者術(shù)后體虛脾弱,再加人參、黃芪補(bǔ)脾胃之中氣,體現(xiàn)祛邪扶正之意?,F(xiàn)代藥理研究顯示,調(diào)胃承氣湯中的蒽醌類物質(zhì)具有通便作用,此外,黃酮類、糖苷類、二苯乙烯苷類等含量也較高,對(duì)消化系統(tǒng)有顯著的調(diào)節(jié)作用[15-16]。

本次研究顯示,與西藥相比,加味調(diào)胃承氣湯在改善便秘,促進(jìn)腸道排氣方面的功效更為顯著。腸道菌群與胃腸道功能密切相關(guān),且互為因果關(guān)系,因此正常的菌群比是保證機(jī)體免疫功能及胃腸道功能的重要因素?,F(xiàn)代研究顯示,腸道菌群對(duì)正常的腸內(nèi)穩(wěn)態(tài)至關(guān)重要,不同菌株可能對(duì)便秘有不同的影響[17]。研究顯示,增液湯能誘導(dǎo)老年便秘大鼠腸道微生物群發(fā)生改變[18]。清熱解毒類中藥多具有抑菌功效,可通過(guò)改善腸道菌群組成而利于腸道微環(huán)境及宿主的健康[19]。唐鐵軍等[20]研究顯示,三種承氣湯對(duì)里實(shí)熱證動(dòng)物腸道菌群均有影響,且調(diào)胃承氣湯對(duì)于恢復(fù)腸道微生態(tài)平衡有明顯作用。本次研究對(duì)服用加味調(diào)胃承氣湯的患者糞便進(jìn)行腸道菌群分析,結(jié)果顯示,治療前后腸道菌群比例發(fā)生變化,雙歧桿菌及乳酸桿菌含量增加,而腸桿菌及腸球菌含量降低,說(shuō)明加味調(diào)胃承氣湯可通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)腸道菌群分布而治療老年髖部骨折術(shù)后胃腸功能失調(diào)。

綜上所述,加味調(diào)胃承氣湯能夠改善老年髖部骨折術(shù)后患者便秘情況,促進(jìn)腸道排氣,且具有調(diào)節(jié)腸道菌群的作用。但本次研究未對(duì)服用西藥前后的腸道菌群情況進(jìn)行分析,故在今后研究中可進(jìn)一步對(duì)比西藥對(duì)照組腸道菌群變化,以更全面地闡釋調(diào)胃承氣湯的作用機(jī)制。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] Cooper C,Campion G,Melton L J.Hip fractures in the elderly:a world-wide projection[J].Osteoporosis International,1992,2(6):285-289.

[2] Dhanwal D K,Dennison E M,Harvey N C,et al.Epidemiology of hip fracture:worldwide geographic variation[J].Indian Journal of Orthopaedics,2011,45(1):15-22.

[3] Anagnostis P,Paschou S A,Goulis D G.Management of acute hip fracture[J].New England Journal of Medicine,2018,378(10):971-972.

[4] Trads M,Pedersen P U.Constipation and defecation pattern the first 30 days after hip fracture[J].International Journal of Nursing Practice,2015,21(5):598-604.

[5]陳慎,季冬霞.老年慢性便秘患者的心理因素調(diào)查[J].中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志,2012,32(7):1506-1507.

[6]孟麗敏,李衛(wèi),劉偉,等.中老年功能性便秘患者癥狀與生活質(zhì)量的相關(guān)性[J].中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志,2017,37(7):1754-1756.

[7] Dimidi E,Christodoulides S,Scott S M,et al.Mechanisms of action of probiotics and the gastrointestinal microbiota on gut motility and constipation[J].Advances in Nutrition,2017,8(3):484-494.

[8] Trads M,Deutch S R,Pedersen P U.Supporting patients in reducing postoperative constipation:fundamental nursing care-a quasi-experimental study[J].Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences,2018,32(2):824-832.

[9] Agachan F,Teng C,Pfeifer J,et al.A constipation scooring system to simplify evaluation and management of constipated patients[J].Diseases of the Colon & Rectum,1996,39(6):681-685.

[10]國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局.中醫(yī)病證診斷療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[M].南京:南京大學(xué)出版社,1994:11.

[11]張秀榮,徐智民.腸道菌群糞便涂片檢查圖譜[M].北京:人民軍醫(yī)出版社,2000:1223.

[12] Pincus D,Ravi B,Wasserstein D,et al.Association between wait time and 30-day mortality in adults undergoing hip fracture surgery[J].Jama,2017,318(20):1994-2003.

[13]索鋼,李霞,易松,等.中藥防治老年骨折并發(fā)胃腸功能紊亂療效觀察[J].四川中醫(yī),2014,32(11):110-111.

[14]王瑞萍,李軼煒,王煜.三種緩瀉劑治療老年功能性便秘的療效[J].中國(guó)老年學(xué)雜志,2011,31(10):1866-1867.

[15]范敏,李曉波.調(diào)胃承氣湯的化學(xué)成分及藥理作用研究進(jìn)展[J].中國(guó)藥房,2016,27(31):4446-4448.

[16] Wen X,Luo K,Xiao S,et al.Qualitative analysis of chemical constituents in traditional Chinese medicine analogous formula Chengqi Decoctions by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Biomed Chromatogr,2015,30(3):1249.

[17]錢家鳴,沈冰冰.腸道菌群與炎癥性腸病[J].現(xiàn)代消化及介入診療,2010,15(3):161-162,166.

[18] Liu D L,Lin L,Lin Y X,et al.Zengye Decoction induces alterations to metabolically active gut microbiota in aged constipated rats[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,2019,109:1361-1371.

[19]賡迪,方明月,李德利,等.中藥與腸道微環(huán)境相互作用研究進(jìn)展[J].中國(guó)科學(xué):生命科學(xué),2018,48(4):379-389.

[20]唐鐵軍,別平華.三承氣湯對(duì)里實(shí)證模型小鼠腸道菌群的影響[J].山東中醫(yī)雜志,2004,23(2):104-105.

(收稿日期:2019-11-04) (本文編輯:李盈)

猜你喜歡
腸道菌群便秘
高鉛血癥兒童腸道菌群構(gòu)成變化研究
補(bǔ)陽(yáng)還五湯合增液湯治療糖尿病性便秘48例臨床體會(huì)
氣相色譜法快速分析人唾液中7種短鏈脂肪酸
生大黃臍療對(duì)COPD穩(wěn)定期合并便秘患者的療效觀察
大鼠腸道菌群對(duì)芍藥苷體外代謝轉(zhuǎn)化的研究
針灸治療便秘隨機(jī)對(duì)照臨床研究文獻(xiàn)Meta分析
膳食纖維制劑對(duì)老年便秘患者療效及生活質(zhì)量的影響
腸道菌群與非酒精性脂肪性肝病