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益氣養(yǎng)陰湯輔助鹽酸??颂婺崞委熗砥诜切〖?xì)胞肺癌氣陰兩虛證患者癌因性疲乏療效及對(duì)生活質(zhì)量影響

2020-04-26 01:29周巖田乃菊張法英李瑩
關(guān)鍵詞:癌因性疲乏晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌生活質(zhì)量

周巖 田乃菊 張法英 李瑩

摘要:目的? 探討益氣養(yǎng)陰湯輔助鹽酸??颂婺崞委熗砥诜切〖?xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC)氣陰兩虛證患者癌因性疲乏的療效及對(duì)患者生活質(zhì)量的影響。方法? 采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將120例患者分為觀察組和對(duì)照組各60例。對(duì)照組予鹽酸??颂婺崞看?25 mg,每日3次,口服。觀察組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上予益氣養(yǎng)陰湯,每日1劑,每日2次,口服。2組均4周為1個(gè)療程,連續(xù)治療2個(gè)療程。觀察2組治療前后PIPER-疲乏量表(PFS)評(píng)分、中醫(yī)證候評(píng)分、EORTC QLQ-C30中文版量表評(píng)分,比較2組臨床療效,采用單因素分析及多元線性回歸分析探討影響患者生活質(zhì)量的相關(guān)因素。結(jié)果? 觀察組總緩解率為61.67%(37/60),對(duì)照組為41.67%(25/60),2組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。與本組治療前比較,2組治療后PFS評(píng)分及神疲乏力、胸悶胸痛、五心煩熱、脈虛無(wú)力評(píng)分明顯下降(P<0.05);2組治療后比較,觀察上述評(píng)分明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。與本組治療前比較,2組治療后EORTC QLQ-C30中文版量表評(píng)分的軀體功能、角色功能、情緒功能、認(rèn)知功能、社會(huì)功能評(píng)分明顯升高(P<0.05);2組治療后比較,觀察組上述評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。單因素及多元線性回歸分析顯示,年齡與患者生活質(zhì)量呈負(fù)相關(guān),心理干預(yù)、患者文化程度、治療方式與患者生活質(zhì)量呈正相關(guān)。結(jié)論? 益氣養(yǎng)陰湯輔助鹽酸埃克替尼片治療非小細(xì)胞肺癌氣陰兩虛證患者有一定療效,可改善其臨床癥狀、體征及癌因性疲乏,并能明顯提高其生活質(zhì)量。

關(guān)鍵詞:益氣養(yǎng)陰湯;鹽酸??颂婺崞?晚期非小細(xì)胞肺癌;癌因性疲乏;生活質(zhì)量

中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R273.42? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A? ? 文章編號(hào):1005-5304(2020)02-0013-05

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.201905229

Efficacy of Yiqi Yangyin Decoction Combined with Icotinib for Treatment of Cancer-related Fatigue of Advanced NSCLC with Qi-yin Deficiency Syndrome and Its Effects on Life Quality

ZHOU Yan, TIAN Naiju, ZHANG Faying, LI Ying

Beijing Chaoyang District Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing 100020, China

Abstract: Objective To investigate the efficacy of Yiqi Yangyin Decoction combined with icotinib tabalet for the treatment of cancer-related fatigue of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with qi-yin deficiency syndrome and its effects on life quality. Methods Totally 120 patients were divided into observation group (60 cases) and control group (60 cases) according to random number table method. The control group was treated with icotinib tabalet, 125 mg per time, three times a day, orally, and the observation group was treated with Yiqi Yangyin Decoction on the basis of the control group, one dosage per day, twice a day, orally. Four weeks are one treatmet course for both group, and the treatment for both groups lasted for two courses. The PFS score, TCM symptom scores and EORTC QLQ-C30 Chinese version scale of the two groups were observed before and after treatment. The clinical efficacy of both groups was compared. Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze factors that affect life quality of patients. Results The total remission rate was 61.67% (37/60) in the observation group and 41.67% (25/60) in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the PFS score and fatigue, bosom frowsty and chest pain, upset and fever, and pulse weakness scores in the two groups significantly decreased (P<0.05); After treatment, the above scores in the observation group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the scores of physical function, role function, emotional function, cognitive function and social function of the two groups of EORTC QLQ-C30 Chinese version scale were significantly increased (P<0.05); After treatment, the above scores in the observation group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis showed that age was negatively correlated with life quality in patients. Psychological intervention, patient education, and treatment were positively correlated with life quality of patients. Conclusion Yiqi Yangyin Decoction combined with icotinib tabalet for the treatment of cancer-related fatigue of advanced NSCLC with qi-yin deficiency syndrome has certain efficacy, and can improve the clinical symptoms, signs and cancer-related fatigue of patients, and significantly enhance the their life quality.

Keywords: Yiqi Yangyin Decoction; icotinib tabalet; advanced non-small cell lung cancer; cancer-related fatigue; quality of life

非小細(xì)胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)病情進(jìn)展快、惡性程度高,早期無(wú)明顯癥狀[1],多數(shù)NSCLC患者就診時(shí)已發(fā)展至中晚期,預(yù)后較差。疲乏為晚期NSCLC患者常見(jiàn)癥狀,癌因性疲乏是一種主觀上的乏力感[2]。研究指出,癌因性疲乏與治療方式關(guān)系密切[3]。近年來(lái),靶向治療可增加患者中位生存時(shí)間,但會(huì)產(chǎn)生皮疹、腹瀉等不良反應(yīng)[4],降低晚期NSCLC患者生活質(zhì)量。有研究表明,中醫(yī)藥輔助治療不僅能改善癌癥患者的臨床癥狀和生存質(zhì)量,且對(duì)改善癌因性疲乏有積極意義[5]。本研究采用本院專(zhuān)家經(jīng)驗(yàn)方益氣養(yǎng)陰湯輔助鹽酸??颂婺崞委熗砥贜SCLC氣陰兩虛證患者,觀察其對(duì)癌因性疲乏的療效及對(duì)患者生活質(zhì)量影響,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1? 資料與方法

1.1? 一般資料

選取2016年1月-2018年12月本院門(mén)診及住院晚期NSCLC氣陰兩虛證患者120例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為觀察組和對(duì)照組各60例。2組患者性別、年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、心理干預(yù)、文化程度比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見(jiàn)表1。本研究經(jīng)本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(2015LL-018)。

1.2? 西醫(yī)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

符合美國(guó)國(guó)家綜合癌癥網(wǎng)絡(luò)(NCCN)臨床實(shí)踐指南(2015.V5)中NSCLC診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6]及TNM分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。符合第十次國(guó)際疾病分類(lèi)修訂會(huì)議(ICD-10)所制定的癌因性疲乏的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[7]。

1.3? 中醫(yī)辨證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

參照《中醫(yī)內(nèi)科學(xué)》[8]和《中醫(yī)腫瘤學(xué)》[9]制定氣陰兩虛證辨證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。癥見(jiàn)胸悶胸痛,神疲乏力,五心煩熱,咳嗽少痰,氣短喘促,形體消瘦,口干少飲;舌脈:舌淡紅,苔薄白或薄黃,脈虛無(wú)力。

1.4? 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

①年齡30~80歲;②Karnofsky功能狀態(tài)評(píng)分>60分;③預(yù)計(jì)生存時(shí)間≥3個(gè)月;④患者對(duì)本研究知情并簽署知情同意書(shū)。

1.5? 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

①合并其他惡性腫瘤;②合并心、肝、腎等臟器嚴(yán)重功能或器質(zhì)性病變;③合并嚴(yán)重感染及其他代謝性疾病;④入組前接受化療、放療;⑤伴精神疾病;⑥妊娠期及哺乳期婦女。

1.6? 治療方法

2組均予鹽酸??颂婺崞▌P美納貝達(dá)藥業(yè)股份有限公司,批號(hào)20151207),每次125 mg,每日3次,口服。觀察組并予益氣養(yǎng)陰湯,藥物組成:黃芪20 g,焦白術(shù)10 g,天冬10 g,麥冬10 g,紅景天10 g,沙參10 g,桑白皮10 g,浙貝母10 g,防風(fēng)10 g,白芍10 g,黃精10 g,炙甘草10 g。氣虛甚加黨參10 g、靈芝10 g,陰虛甚加石斛10 g、玉竹10 g,咳嗽咯痰加桔梗10 g、枇杷葉10 g,胸悶心悸加瓜蔞10 g、薤白10 g,胸腔積液加豬苓10 g、茯苓10 g,熱毒壅盛加蒲公英10 g、金銀花10 g,胸脅脹痛加莪術(shù)10 g、雞血藤10 g。水煎服,每日1劑,早晚餐后1 h口服。2組均4周為1個(gè)療程,連續(xù)治療2個(gè)療程。

1.7? 觀察指標(biāo)

1.7.1? PIPER-疲乏量表評(píng)分

于治療前后采用PIPER-疲乏量表(PFS)[10]評(píng)定患者疲乏情況,包括感覺(jué)、情緒、認(rèn)知、行為4項(xiàng),每項(xiàng)0~10分,分值越高表明疲乏程度越嚴(yán)重。

1.7.2? 中醫(yī)證候評(píng)分

參照《中藥新藥臨床研究指導(dǎo)原則(試行)》[11]對(duì)神疲乏力、胸悶胸痛、五心煩熱、脈虛無(wú)力進(jìn)行評(píng)分,按照證候的無(wú)、輕、中、重,分別計(jì)0、1、2、3分。分值越高表明證候表現(xiàn)越差。

1.7.3? EORTC QLQ-C30中文版量表評(píng)分

采用EORTC QLQ-C30中文版量表[12]評(píng)定患者生活質(zhì)量,包括軀體功能、角色功能、情緒功能、認(rèn)知功能、社會(huì)功能5項(xiàng)。分值越高表明患者生活質(zhì)量越好。

1.8? 療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

參照《實(shí)體瘤治療療效評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)-RECIST》[13]制定療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。完全緩解:病灶完全消失,持續(xù)時(shí)間超過(guò)4周;部分緩解:病灶縮小≥50%,持續(xù)時(shí)間超過(guò)4周;穩(wěn)定:病灶縮小<50%或增大≤25%,無(wú)新病灶出現(xiàn);進(jìn)展:病灶增大≥25%或出現(xiàn)新病灶??偩徑饴剩?)=(完全緩解例數(shù)+部分緩解例數(shù))÷總例數(shù)×100%。

1.9? 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析。計(jì)量資料以

—x±s表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料采用卡方檢驗(yàn);采用單因素分析及多元線性回歸分析對(duì)影響患者生活質(zhì)量的相關(guān)因素進(jìn)行分析。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2? 結(jié)果

2.1? 2組臨床療效比較

觀察組總緩解率為61.67%(37/60),對(duì)照組為41.67%(25/60),2組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

2.2? 2組治療前后PIPER-疲乏量表評(píng)分比較

與本組治療前比較,2組治療后PFS評(píng)分明顯降低(P<0.05);2組治療后比較,觀察組PFS評(píng)分明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。

2.3? 2組治療前后中醫(yī)證候評(píng)分比較

與本組治療前比較,2組神疲乏力、胸悶胸痛、五心煩熱、脈虛無(wú)力評(píng)分明顯降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);2組治療后比較,觀察組上述中醫(yī)證候評(píng)分明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。

2.4? 2組治療前后EORTC QLQ-C30中文版量表評(píng)分比較

與本組治療前比較,2組治療后EORTC QLQ-C30評(píng)分軀體功能、角色功能、情緒功能、認(rèn)知功能、社會(huì)功能評(píng)分明顯升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);2組治療后比較,觀察組軀體功能、角色功能、情緒功能評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表5。

2.5? 影響患者生活質(zhì)量的單因素分析

患者生活質(zhì)量以治療后的EORTC QLQ-C30各項(xiàng)評(píng)分均值進(jìn)行評(píng)定,單因素分析顯示,年齡、心理干預(yù)、患者文化程度、治療方式與晚期NSCLC患者生活質(zhì)量存在聯(lián)系(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表6。

2.6? 影響患者生活質(zhì)量的多元線性回歸分析

以單因素分析有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的指標(biāo)(年齡、心理干預(yù)、患者文化程度、治療方式)為自變量,以患者生活質(zhì)量為因變量,進(jìn)行多元線性回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,年齡、心理干預(yù)、患者文化程度、治療方式與患者生活質(zhì)量關(guān)系密切。見(jiàn)表7。

3? 討論

NSCLC患者由于免疫力低下,對(duì)多種治療方式不能耐受。隨著醫(yī)療模式轉(zhuǎn)變,研究人員更傾向于將生活質(zhì)量的提高作為評(píng)價(jià)癌癥治療效果的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[14]。晚期NSCLC患者由于腫瘤易擴(kuò)散轉(zhuǎn)移等因素影響,導(dǎo)致疲乏癥狀加重。中醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)為,癌因性疲乏與患者正氣虛損有關(guān),且患者存在氣血陰陽(yáng)失調(diào),治療需重視扶正培本[15]。有研究顯示,中醫(yī)辨證論治對(duì)癌因性疲乏的治療效果顯著[16]。

肺為華蓋,居高位,屬清虛之體,外合皮毛,開(kāi)竅于鼻,外感六淫之邪自口鼻皮毛而入,多先犯肺,肺為嬌臟,不耐寒熱,易被邪侵而發(fā)病。益氣養(yǎng)陰湯中黃芪益氣固表、止汗御風(fēng),沙參養(yǎng)陰清肺生津,共為君藥;焦白術(shù)健脾益氣、燥濕止汗,紅景天補(bǔ)肺健脾,天冬、麥冬滋陰清熱、潤(rùn)肺生津,天冬兼顧抗癌之效,共為臣藥;桑白皮宣肺利氣,浙貝母燥濕化痰,防風(fēng)祛風(fēng)解表,白芍養(yǎng)血柔肝,黃精補(bǔ)腎填精,共為佐藥;炙甘草調(diào)和諸藥,為使藥。全方共奏益氣養(yǎng)陰、健脾補(bǔ)肺、化痰祛瘀、滋養(yǎng)肝腎、解毒抗癌之效。本研究顯示,觀察組PFS評(píng)分明顯降低,對(duì)患者的癌因性疲乏具有改善作用。觀察組明顯改善患者臨床癥狀及體征,總緩解率明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組。觀察組的軀體功能、角色功能及情緒功能評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,其原因可能是??颂婺嵩跉[瘤細(xì)胞的同時(shí)對(duì)機(jī)體正常機(jī)能造成一定程度損害,引起患者不適,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分降低,聯(lián)合益氣養(yǎng)陰湯后,在一定程度上可改善患者機(jī)體機(jī)能,生活質(zhì)量評(píng)分升高。多元線性回歸分析顯示,益氣養(yǎng)陰湯+鹽酸??颂婺崞c患者生活質(zhì)量呈正相關(guān),進(jìn)一步表明聯(lián)合治療可提高患者生活質(zhì)量,其原因可能是益氣養(yǎng)陰湯可修復(fù)靶向藥物造成的損傷,減輕患者治療過(guò)程的不適感,輔助患者機(jī)體機(jī)能恢復(fù),從而改善患者生活質(zhì)量。

綜上所述,益氣養(yǎng)陰湯聯(lián)合??颂婺嶂委熗砥贜SCLC氣陰兩虛證患者具有一定療效,可改善患者臨床癥狀、體征及癌因性疲乏,并明顯提高患者生活質(zhì)量。

參考文獻(xiàn):

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[13] 楊學(xué)寧,吳一龍.實(shí)體瘤治療療效評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)-RECIST[J].循證醫(yī)學(xué), 2004,4(2):85-90,111.

[14] NICOLAI J, BUCHHOLZ A, SEEFRIED N, et al. When do cancer patients regret their treatment decision? A path analysis of the influence of clinicians communication styles and the match of decision-making styles on decision regret[J]. Patient Edu Couns, 2016,99(5):739-746.

[15] 徐詠梅,程培育,楊國(guó)旺,等.肺癌患者癌因性疲乏特點(diǎn)及中醫(yī)證候的臨床觀察[J].中華中醫(yī)藥雜志,2017,32(10):4746-4749.

[16] ROBINSON S, LANG J E, HERMANDEZ A M, et al. Outcomes of dialectical behaviour therapy administered by an interdisciplinary team[J]. Arch Psychiatr Nurs,2018,32(4):512- 516.

(收稿日期:2019-05-15)

(修回日期:2019-06-14;編輯:季巍?。?/p>

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