安躍軍 楊維國(guó) 胡鑫 黃鑫 王光玉 孔祥玲 畢德龍
摘 要:針對(duì)小型真空干泵用永磁電機(jī)下線困難的工程問(wèn)題,提出一種采用模塊化定子結(jié)構(gòu)方法,將定子形式由整體式變?yōu)槠囱b式,并以9槽6極表貼式永磁同步電機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,采用有限元法選取抑制拼裝式電機(jī)齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩和轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動(dòng)的的最優(yōu)槽口,引入整體式電機(jī)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,建立拼裝式與整體式電機(jī)的二維模型,并進(jìn)行電磁場(chǎng)與溫度場(chǎng)仿真,綜合分析拼裝式與整體式電機(jī)的性能差異,結(jié)果表明拼裝式電機(jī)的齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩、氣隙磁密諧波含量和溫升等都優(yōu)于整體式電機(jī)。研制拼裝式電機(jī)的樣機(jī)并進(jìn)行電機(jī)性能實(shí)驗(yàn),得到了電機(jī)的性能數(shù)據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果一致,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證了拼裝式電機(jī)的可行性,為新產(chǎn)品批量生產(chǎn)提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:真空干泵;拼裝式定子;齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩;溫度場(chǎng);性能實(shí)驗(yàn)
DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2020.03.014
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):TM 351文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):1007-449X(2020)03-0114-09
Abstract:Aiming at the problem of smallscale vacuum dry pump permanent magnet motors going offline, a modular stator structure method is proposed to change the stator form from monolithic to assembled, and a 9slot 6pole surfacemounted permanent magnet synchronous motor is chosen as the research object. The optimal slot for suppressing cogging torque and torque ripple of the assembled motor was selected by the finite element method, and the integrated motor was introduced for comparison. A twodimensional model of the assembled and integrated motor was established, and the electromagnetic field was performed. With the temperature field simulation, comprehensive analysis of the performance difference of the assembled and integrated motors, the results show that the cogging torque, air gap magnetic flux harmonic content and temperature rise of the assembled motor are better than the integrated motor. The prototype of the assembled motor was developed and the motor performance experiments were performed to obtain the performance data of the motor. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, further verifying the feasibility of the assembled motor, and providing a scientific basis for mass production of new products.
Keywords:vacuum dry pump; assembled stator; cogging torque; temperature field; performance experiment
0 引 言
隨著真空技術(shù)的不斷的發(fā)展,真空獲得設(shè)備在航空航天、食品加工、醫(yī)療、國(guó)防、電子等行業(yè)都有了廣泛的應(yīng)用[1]。傳統(tǒng)真空系統(tǒng)是有油的,并且在生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的物質(zhì)具有腐蝕性、凝結(jié)性和毒性,這些物質(zhì)與真空泵中的油相混合,會(huì)造成真空泵泵油變質(zhì),由工藝過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的化學(xué)產(chǎn)物和顆粒副產(chǎn)物也會(huì)影響真空泵的性能,使真空泵不能運(yùn)行破壞本身以及周邊的環(huán)境[2]。傳統(tǒng)的真空系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)不能滿足實(shí)際工況的要求,所以研究具有可靠性高、適應(yīng)性強(qiáng)、無(wú)污染的真空干泵已經(jīng)是真空獲得設(shè)備的一個(gè)重要的方向[3]。
真空干泵驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的性能直接影響了真空干泵的過(guò)載能力、振動(dòng)噪聲、極限真空度以及能耗等級(jí)[4]。驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)一般采用異步電機(jī)和永磁同步電機(jī),采用異步電機(jī),會(huì)導(dǎo)致真空干泵體型大、噪聲大、耗能高,且只能使用于工作空間充裕的場(chǎng)合。隨著人們對(duì)節(jié)能、高效、空間利用率的要求越來(lái)越高,為適應(yīng)晶圓廠等生產(chǎn)空間有限的應(yīng)用場(chǎng)合,研究體積小、低振動(dòng)、低噪音的新型結(jié)構(gòu)永磁同步電機(jī)作為真空干泵驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)具有重要的工程實(shí)用價(jià)值。
目前對(duì)拼裝式電機(jī)的研究如下,文獻(xiàn)[5]提出了一種定子的新型結(jié)構(gòu),通過(guò)計(jì)算定子單個(gè)模塊所需的最小槽數(shù),以及相對(duì)應(yīng)的繞組短距系數(shù),從而提高了的繞組的利用率;文獻(xiàn)[6-7]利用有限元法研究一種繞組不等拼裝式定子結(jié)構(gòu),求解出單邊磁拉力,并以改變拼裝式定子齒寬和定子之間位置差結(jié)構(gòu)有效的減小了合成磁拉力;文獻(xiàn)[8-10]通過(guò)計(jì)算不同形狀定子拼裝處凹槽電機(jī)齒槽轉(zhuǎn)矩大小來(lái)選擇效果最好的形狀;文獻(xiàn)[11]設(shè)計(jì)了一臺(tái)定子新型結(jié)構(gòu)的永磁電機(jī),并優(yōu)化了電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩密度;文獻(xiàn)[12]設(shè)計(jì)定子形式為拼裝式的電機(jī),將電路、磁路負(fù)荷分別計(jì)算進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,從而有效的提高了電機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)矩密度和效率。但是,電機(jī)性能受氣隙磁密、損耗、溫度等影響,上述文獻(xiàn)均沒(méi)有針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題做深入研究。
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(編輯:賈志超)