賁洪奇 趙志強(qiáng) 丁明遠(yuǎn)
摘 要:單相單級全橋PFC變換器變壓器雙向勵(lì)磁,具有功率密度高和電氣隔離等特點(diǎn),適用于中大功率場合,但該變換器由于其工作方式的特殊性,存在特有的變壓器偏磁現(xiàn)象。通過對單級全橋PFC變換器的工作原理與變壓器偏磁產(chǎn)生機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析,得出每1/4工頻周期內(nèi)磁化曲線中心點(diǎn)偏移情況,并遞推得到偏移量的最大值。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出一種正負(fù)半周對稱的數(shù)字抑制策略,通過設(shè)計(jì)開關(guān)管的時(shí)序,使每個(gè)開關(guān)周期內(nèi)變壓器正負(fù)向勵(lì)磁時(shí)間相等,進(jìn)而消除了變壓器偏磁;與傳統(tǒng)偏磁抑制方式相比,該策略不增加電路的復(fù)雜程度與系統(tǒng)的體積、重量,實(shí)現(xiàn)較為容易。最后,通過搭建額定輸出電壓/電流為48V/12A的樣機(jī)驗(yàn)證了所提出的偏磁抑制策略的可行性。
關(guān)鍵詞:單級全橋;PFC變換器;偏磁;抑制策略;數(shù)字
DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2020.03.003
中圖分類號(hào):TM 461文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):1007-449X(2020)03-0020-08
Abstract:Singlephase singlestage fullbridge PFC converter transformer bidirectional excitation, with high power density and electrical isolation characteristics, is suitable for medium and high power applications. However, due to the particularity of its working mode, the converter has its own transformer bias phenomenon. Through the analysis of the working principle of singlestage fullbridge PFC converter and the generation mechanism of transformer magnetic bias, the central point offset of the magnetization curve was obtained in every quarter of the power frequency cycle, and the maximum value of the offset was obtained recursively. On this basis, a digital suppression strategy with positive and negative halfcycle symmetry was proposed, which makes the positive and negative excitation time of transformer equal in each switching period, then eliminates the transformer bias. Compared with the traditional suppression method, the strategy does not increase the complexity of the circuit and the volume and weight of the system, and the realization method is easier. Finally, a prototype with rated output voltage and output current of 48V/12A was built to verify the feasibility of the proposed strategy.
Keywords:singlestage fullbridge; PFC converter; biasmagnetic; suppression strategy; digital
0 引 言
隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,電力電子設(shè)備的大量使用,對電網(wǎng)造成的諧波污染也日趨嚴(yán)重。功率因數(shù)校正(power factor correction,PFC)技術(shù)能有效消除輸入電流諧波,提高功率因數(shù),因此一直是電力電子領(lǐng)域研究的熱點(diǎn)[1-3]。有源功率因數(shù)校正(active power factor correction, APFC)技術(shù)相對于無源功率因數(shù)校正技術(shù)功率因數(shù)校正效果更好,效率更高,應(yīng)用更為廣泛。有源功率因數(shù)校正變換器從電路結(jié)構(gòu)來分,可分為單級APFC結(jié)構(gòu)和兩級APFC結(jié)構(gòu)。兩級式結(jié)構(gòu)中APFC和DCDC變換分別獨(dú)立完成,體積大、功率密度低。單級APFC將APFC和DCDC變換合二為一,電路減少了元器件、提高了功率密度,因此應(yīng)用更為廣泛[4-5]。單級橋式APFC變換器變壓器雙向勵(lì)磁,磁心利用率高,適用于中大功率場合,但由于其工作方式的特殊性,存在固有的變壓器偏磁問題。當(dāng)偏磁嚴(yán)重到一定程度, 磁心將進(jìn)入單向飽和區(qū),此時(shí)磁心磁導(dǎo)率急劇下降,磁心損耗增加,變換器效率降低;此外,還會(huì)造成變壓器單向磁化電流急劇增加,最終導(dǎo)致功率器件燒毀[6-8]。為了使系統(tǒng)正常運(yùn)行,有必要對變壓器進(jìn)行偏磁抑制。
文獻(xiàn)[9-10]提出在變壓器原邊串聯(lián)隔直電容來抑制變壓器偏磁;該方案增加了電路的復(fù)雜程度,降低了變換器的性能。文獻(xiàn)[11]提出先設(shè)計(jì)正向死區(qū),再通過積分復(fù)位的方法確定負(fù)向死區(qū),使變壓器正負(fù)向伏秒積平衡,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)偏磁抑制。這種方法死區(qū)時(shí)間設(shè)計(jì)較復(fù)雜,而且會(huì)影響到系統(tǒng)最大占空比。文獻(xiàn)[12-13]提出一種數(shù)字補(bǔ)償算法,通過對量化誤差補(bǔ)償實(shí)現(xiàn)偏磁抑制,但該方法不能在每個(gè)開關(guān)周期內(nèi)消除偏磁。
針對單級全橋PFC變換器變壓器偏磁問題,基于數(shù)字處理器(digital signal processor,DSP)TMS320F28335,提出一種正負(fù)半周對稱的數(shù)字抑制策略,該策略不需要改變主電路,通過設(shè)計(jì)開關(guān)管的開關(guān)時(shí)序,就能消除變壓器偏磁,不需要添加輔助電路和隔直電容,簡單且易于實(shí)現(xiàn),具有不影響PFC效果、不影響變換器性能等優(yōu)點(diǎn)?;诶碚摲治?,搭建額定輸出電壓/電流為48 V/12 A的單級全橋PFC變換器的實(shí)驗(yàn)樣機(jī),驗(yàn)證了所提出的正負(fù)半周對稱的偏磁抑制策略的可行性。
1 變換器偏磁機(jī)理分析
1.1 變換器工作原理
單級全橋PFC變換器如圖1所示,使用同一級電路實(shí)現(xiàn)功率因數(shù)校正及DC/DC變換。
從圖9(a)、9(b)、9(c)、9(d)中能得出:在使用偏磁抑制策略之后,變壓器原邊電流正常工作,沒有發(fā)生劇變,且每個(gè)開關(guān)周期內(nèi)正負(fù)向勵(lì)磁時(shí)間相等,正負(fù)向伏秒積基本平衡,變壓器勵(lì)磁電流在每個(gè)開關(guān)周期內(nèi)基本復(fù)位(變壓器未勵(lì)磁時(shí)電流基本為0),偏磁得到有效抑制。
4 結(jié) 論
對單級全橋PFC變換器變壓器的偏磁產(chǎn)生機(jī)理進(jìn)行分析,得出每半個(gè)工頻周期內(nèi)、在1/4工頻周期時(shí)刻勵(lì)磁電流達(dá)到最大值,磁化曲線中心點(diǎn)偏移量也達(dá)到最大值,此時(shí)變壓器磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度最大,變壓器容易飽和。
為了解決單級全橋PFC變換器變壓器偏磁問題,提出一種正負(fù)半周對稱的數(shù)字抑制策略。該策略在開關(guān)時(shí)序上就能使每個(gè)開關(guān)周期的變壓器正負(fù)向勵(lì)磁時(shí)間相等,變壓器正負(fù)向伏秒積平衡,實(shí)現(xiàn)偏磁抑制。搭建額定輸出電壓/電流為48V/12A的實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),從實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可以得出,本文所提出的偏磁抑制策略能很好的抑制變壓器偏磁,且不影響系統(tǒng)性能,電路能夠較好的實(shí)現(xiàn)功率因數(shù)校正,對單級全橋PFC變換器偏磁問題解決有較大的參考價(jià)值。但該策略僅能利用數(shù)字控制方式來實(shí)現(xiàn),并不適用于采用模擬控制方式的場合。
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(編輯:賈志超)