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混合H橋級聯(lián)多電平逆變器改進(jìn)PD調(diào)制策略

2020-04-22 06:00葉滿園康力璇潘濤
電機(jī)與控制學(xué)報 2020年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:電平載波學(xué)報

葉滿園 康力璇 潘濤

摘 要:混合級聯(lián)H橋多電平逆變器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)在采用常用的混合調(diào)制策略進(jìn)行控制時存在電流倒灌和能量反饋的問題,在部分調(diào)制比區(qū)間內(nèi)甚至?xí)霈F(xiàn)高壓單元輸出功率回饋到低壓單元的現(xiàn)象,當(dāng)?shù)蛪簡卧绷鱾?cè)電壓由不控整流橋提供時會使得直流母線電容電壓上升。為解決該問題,文中提出一種基于改進(jìn)載波層疊調(diào)制的控制方法,其中,高壓H橋單元采用方波與三角載波相結(jié)合的方法,低壓H橋單元采用改進(jìn)PD調(diào)制的方法,對混合頻率下所得脈沖進(jìn)行了重新的邏輯運(yùn)算與組合,該方法既能解決電流倒灌和能量回饋的問題,還能使兩單元之間的輸出功率分配也得到了改善。最后進(jìn)行了仿真和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證。

關(guān)鍵詞:混合級聯(lián)H橋多電平逆變器;調(diào)制策略;電流倒灌;能量回饋;邏輯運(yùn)算

DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2020.03.009

中圖分類號:TM312文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號:1007-449X(2020)03-0071-08

Abstract:The hybrid cascaded Hbridge multilevel inverter topology has the problems of current backflow and energy feedback when it is controlled by a common hybrid modulation strategy. In some modulation ratios, the output power of the highvoltage unit may even be fed back to the lowvoltage unit. when the DC side voltage of the lowvoltage unit is provided by the uncontrolled rectifier bridge, the DC bus capacitor voltage will rise. In order to avoid this problem, a method of modified carrier phase disposition modulation strategy is proposed.Among them, the highvoltage Hbridge unit adopted a method of combining a square wave and a triangular carrier, and the lowvoltage Hbridge unit adopted an improved PD modulation method, which recalculated and combined the pulses obtained at the mixed frequency. This method can solve the problems of current backflow and energy feedback, and can also improve the output power distribution between the two units. Finally, simulation and experimental results were verified.

Keywords:hybrid cascaded Hbridge multilevel inverter;modulation strategy;current backflow;energy feedback;logic operation

0 引 言

隨著電力電子與電力傳動技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,多電平逆變器得到了越來越多的應(yīng)用,其中級聯(lián)H橋(cascaded HBridge,CHB)多電平逆變器是最為廣泛應(yīng)用的拓?fù)渲籟1-6]。與傳統(tǒng)CHB拓?fù)湎啾?,混合級?lián)H橋多電平逆變器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)因?yàn)榭梢詫Σ煌燃夒妷杭壜?lián)單元進(jìn)行協(xié)同控制,因此在相同條件下逆變器輸出的電平數(shù)更多,控制策略也更為靈活性[7-9]。最早提出混合七電平逆變器拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的是印度學(xué)者M(jìn)anjrekar[10], 目前該拓?fù)湟呀?jīng)在包括電動汽車[11],光伏[12-13]以及有源電力濾波器[14]等領(lǐng)域進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用,并且都取得了較好的控制效果。

脈寬調(diào)制(pulse width modulation,PWM)技術(shù)對逆變器來說非常重要,目前多電平逆變器PWM策略主要有:低頻調(diào)制的特定諧波消除脈寬調(diào)制[15]、高頻調(diào)制的多載波PWM調(diào)制[16]和電壓空間矢量調(diào)制[17]、以及混合調(diào)制(Hybrid PWM, HPWM) [18]三大類。針對混合CHB七電平逆變器拓?fù)?,目前比較常用的調(diào)制方法是文獻(xiàn)[19]提出的傳統(tǒng)HPWM調(diào)制策略,它分別通過對高、低壓單元進(jìn)行低頻和高頻的協(xié)調(diào)控制以輸出較高質(zhì)量的電壓波形,但是該方法存在電流倒灌問題,在部分調(diào)制度區(qū)間內(nèi)甚至?xí)霈F(xiàn)能量回饋現(xiàn)象,如采用不控整流橋來提供直流電源將導(dǎo)致直流母線電容電壓上升。為了解決能量倒灌問題,就需要采用全控橋電路來提供電源,但是這樣會增加電路成本,降低系統(tǒng)的可靠性,并且因?yàn)楦骷壜?lián)單元間輸出功率分配有可能輸出極不均衡的現(xiàn)象,電源利用率差別也較大。文獻(xiàn)[20]通過分析電流倒灌產(chǎn)生的原因,進(jìn)而提出一種適合混合CHB七電平逆變器的調(diào)制方法,該方法能夠保證高、低壓單元輸出電壓極性始終相同,從而避免電流倒灌現(xiàn)象。但是該方法需要搭建相應(yīng)的驅(qū)動信號邏輯電路來對逆變器進(jìn)行控制,降低了系統(tǒng)可靠性。

文中以兩單元混合七電平逆變器為研究對象,首先分析了HPWM策略的調(diào)制原理及輸出電壓特性,然后,通過對同相載波層疊(phase disposition,PD)策略進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,提出一種改進(jìn)的PD調(diào)制方法,該方法通過重構(gòu)三角載波,并適當(dāng)引入邏輯控制來得到混合CHB逆變器所需的觸發(fā)脈沖,從而完全解決了電流倒灌問題,且而還能夠改善了高壓單元和低壓單元的輸出功率分配。

5 結(jié) 論

本文對混合H橋級聯(lián)七電平逆變器的調(diào)制策略進(jìn)行了研究,分析了傳統(tǒng)HPWM存在的問題和產(chǎn)生的原因。針對該問題提出一種改進(jìn)PD調(diào)制方法,該方法能夠避免兩單元輸出電壓極性相反的情況,有效的解決了傳統(tǒng)HPWM策略中存在電流倒灌和功率回饋的問題。該方法實(shí)現(xiàn)簡單、運(yùn)算量小,同時能夠保證逆變器的輸出波形質(zhì)量,對混合級聯(lián)七電平的實(shí)際應(yīng)用具有一定的意義。

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(編輯:賈志超)

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