廖東波 楊帆 朱智英 范淼崟 張亞梅
【摘 要】 目的:研究多脂大戟治療白內(nèi)障活性部位化學(xué)成分。方法:利用硅膠柱色譜、凝膠柱色譜、高效液相色譜等分離技術(shù),對(duì)多脂大戟樹(shù)脂抗白內(nèi)障活性部位進(jìn)行分離純化,并通過(guò)1H-、13C-NMR等波譜技術(shù)進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定。結(jié)果:共鑒定6個(gè)萜類化合物,分別為eburicol (1)、羊毛甾醇(2)、ingol 7,8,12-triacetate 3-phenylacetate (3)、ingol 7,8,12-triacetate 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) acetate(4)、12-O-Acetyl-8-O-tigloylingol (5)、3,12-di-O-acetylingol (6)。結(jié)論:化合物1、4、6首次從本種分離得到。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 多脂大戟;大戟屬;白內(nèi)障;物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)
【中圖分類號(hào)】R282.6 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】 A【文章編號(hào)】1007-8517(2020)23-0032-04
Study on Material Basis of Anti-cataractogesis Activity of Euphorbia resinifera
LIAO Dongbo YANG Fan ZHU Zhiying FAN Miaoyin ZHANG Yamei*
Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004,China
Abstract:Objective To study the material basis of anti-cataractogesis activity of Euphorbia resinifera. Methods The material basis of anti-cataractogesis activity of Euphorbia resinifera were isolated by different column chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified by a comprehensive analysis of the spectroscopic data. Results six compounds were isolated from Euphorbia resinifera and identified as eburicol (1), lanosterol (2)、ingol 7,8,12-triacetate 3-phenylacetate (3)、ingol 7,8,12-triacetate 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetate (4)、3-O-acetyl-8-O-tigloylingol (5)、8-O-tigloylingol(6). Conclusion These compounds may relate to the anti-cataractogesis activity of Euphorbia resinifera.
Keywords:Euphorbia resinifera;Euphorbia;Material Basis;Anti-cataractogesis
多脂大戟Euphorbia resinifera Berg.隸屬于大戟科Euphorbiaceae,其樹(shù)脂狀分泌物大戟脂(Euphorbium)即維藥“排日非云”,具有散寒止痛、燥濕退腫、強(qiáng)筋健骨、消除白內(nèi)障等功效,主治濕寒性或黏液質(zhì)性疾病,如癱瘓、關(guān)節(jié)疼痛、腹水、白內(nèi)障等疾病[1-2]。課題組前期通過(guò)硒性白內(nèi)障大鼠動(dòng)物模型篩選多脂大戟治療白內(nèi)障活性部位,發(fā)現(xiàn)大戟脂95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位具有治療白內(nèi)障活性?;诖?,本實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)此部位進(jìn)行化學(xué)成分研究,以探明多脂大戟治療白內(nèi)障的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。
1 儀器與材料
1.1 儀器 Shimazu LC-6AD制備液相色譜儀,Buchi C605中壓色譜儀,Agilent 1200液相色譜儀,Buchi R-220SE旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀,TripleTOF5600 質(zhì)譜儀 (ESI-MS),Bruker AVANCE III 600 核磁共振波譜儀。
1.2 材料 青島海洋硅膠G (100~200、200~300目),Sephadex LH-20凝膠,反相硅膠C18(50μ),MCI HP-20,色譜用甲醇、乙腈,其余試劑均為分析純。多脂大戟樹(shù)脂購(gòu)于新疆和田藥材市場(chǎng),經(jīng)江西中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)鐘國(guó)躍研究員鑒定為大戟科 Euphorbiaceae 植物多脂大戟E. resinifera的樹(shù)脂狀分泌物。標(biāo)本現(xiàn)存于江西中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)中藥資源與民族藥研究中心標(biāo)本館。憑證標(biāo)本(20180804)存放于江西中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)標(biāo)本館。
2 提取分離
多脂大戟樹(shù)脂活性部位(95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位)62.5g,加甲醇溶解后,通過(guò)硅膠色譜柱進(jìn)行初步分離,依次用石油醚-丙酮(50∶1,F(xiàn)i1),石油醚-丙酮(30∶1,F(xiàn)i2)、石油醚-丙酮(15∶1,F(xiàn)i3),石油醚-丙酮(5∶1,F(xiàn)i4)、石油醚-丙酮(1∶1,F(xiàn)i5)、乙酸乙酯(Fi6)梯度洗脫,甲醇沖柱(Fi7)?;厥杖軇┑玫?個(gè)洗脫部分(Fi1-Fi7)。薄層色譜顯色石油醚-丙酮(30∶1),即Fi2部分化合物多,且與其它組分重疊斑點(diǎn)較少。 故將其進(jìn)一步通過(guò)MCI柱層析、凝膠柱層析、中壓反相硅膠柱層析、制備反相硅膠柱層析分離,最終得到6個(gè)化合物。
3 結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定
各化合物通過(guò)TLC、HPLC、香草醛濃硫酸顯色、UV、以及MS、NMR等方法確定了結(jié)構(gòu)。
化合物1 (246.9mg): 白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS:分子量440,分子式C31H52O。1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 4.73 (1H, brs, H-28α), 4.68 (1H, brs, H-28β), 3.23 (1H, m, H-3), 1.02 (3H, d,J= 7.1 Hz, H-26), 1.01 (3H, d, J=7.1 Hz, H-27), 0.99 (3H, s, H-29), 0.94 (3H, s, H-19), 0.96 (3H, d,J= 6.3 Hz, H-21), 0.86 (6H, s, H-30, 31), 0.74(3H, s, H-18);13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 35.5 (C-1), 27.6 (C-2), 76.3 (C-3), 39.2 (C-4), 50.8 (C-5), 17.6 (C-6), 28.1 (C-7), 133.5 (C-8), 134.3 (C-9), 36.6 (C-10), 20.1 (C-11), 25.7 (C-12), 31.2 (C-13),49.6 (C-14), 30.9 (C-15), 30.7 (C-16), 50.1 (C-17), 15.6 (C-18), 18.3 (C-19), 34.9 (C-20), 18.8 (C-21), 33.9 (C-22), 31.2 (C-23), 157.1 (C-24), 31.3 (C-25), 21.6 (C-26), 22.1 (C-27), 106.1 (C-28), 27.9 (C-29), 15.4 (C-30), 24.5 (C-31)上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[3],故鑒定為eburicol。
化合物2(611.2mg):白色粉末。HR-ESI-MS:分子量426,分子式C30H50O。1H-NMR (600 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 0.75 (3H, s, CH3-30), 0.79 (3H, s, CH3-18), 0.84 (3H, d,J =6.5Hz, CH3-21), 0.87 (3H, s,CH3-28) , 0.91 (3H, s, CH3-29) , 1.59 (3H, s, CH3-26) , 1.68 (3H, s, H-27), 3.22 (1H, dd,J= 4.5, 2.3 Hz, H-3), 5.09 (1H, m, H-24);13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 35.9 (C-1), 28.2 (C-2), 79.0 (C-3), 38.9 (C-4), 50.1 (C-5), 20.1 (C-6), 28.2 (C-7), 134.0 (C-8), 133.4 (C-9), 37.4 (C-10), 28.2 (C-11), 25.8 (C-12), 44.1 (C-13),49.6 (C-14), 30.9 (C-15), 29.9 (C-16), 50.0 (C-17), 15.6 (C-18), 18.7 (C-19), 35.0 (C-20), 18.8 (C-21), 35.3 (C-22), 24.8 (C-23), 125.4 (C-24), 130.8 (C-25), 24.7 (C-26), 17.7 (C-27), 24.4 (C-28), 27.8 (C-29), 15.6 (C-30)。上述數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[4],故鑒定為羊毛甾醇。
化合物3(52.2mg):白色粉末。 HR-ESI-MS:分子量610,分子式C34H42O10。1H-NMR (600 MHz, CHCl3) δ: 2.78 (1H, dd,J= 14.8、9.0 Hz, H-1α), 1.69 (1H, d, J=14.8 Hz, H-1β), 2.51 (1H, m, H-2),5.15 (1H, brs, H-3), 5.39 (1H, brs, H-5), 5.12 (1H, d,J=1.6 Hz, H-7), 4.52 (1H, dd,J= 10.4、1.6 Hz, H-8), 1.09 (1H, dd,J=10.4, 9.3Hz, H-9), 1.01 (1H, m, H-11), 4.82 (1H, dd,J= 10.7、3.8 Hz, H-12), 2.90 (1H, qd,J= 7.4、3.8 Hz, H-13), 0.92 (3H, d,J= 7.4 Hz, H-16), 2.05 (3H, 3, H-17), 1.04 (3H, s, H-18), 0.82 (3H, s, H-19), 1.04 (3H, d,J= 7.0 Hz, H-20), 3.72 (2H, br, H-2′), 7.31 (1H, m, H-4′) , 7.31 (1H, m,J= 8.6 Hz, H-5′), 7.31 (1H, m, H-7′), 7.31 (1H, d,J= 8.6 Hz, H-8′) , 2.09 (3H, s, COCH3), 2.05 (3H, s, COCH3), 1.97 (3H, s,COCH3)。13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 31.4 (C-1), 29.5 (C-2), 76.3 (C-3), 73.4(C-4), 117.1 (C-5), 139.3 (C-6), 76.9 (C-7), 71.1 (C-8), 24.7 (C-9), 19.2 (C-10), 30.6 (C-11), 70.6 (C-12) , 43.0 (C-13), 207.9(C-14), 71.5 (C-15), 16.9 (C-16), 17.5 (C-17), 29.1 (C-18), 16.1 (C-19), 13.4 (C-20), 170.3 (C-1′), 41.5 (C-2′), 133.8 (C-3′), 129.3 (C-4′), 128.6 (C-5′), 127.4 (C-6′), 128.6 (C-7′), 129.3 (C-8′), 170.8 (COCH3), 170.3(COCH3),170.4(COCH3),21.0 (COCH3), 20.9 (COCH3), 20.6 (COCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[5],確定為ingol 7,8,12-triacetate-3-phenylacetate。
化合物4(30.4mg):白色粉末。 HR-ESI-MS:分子量 640,分子式C35H45O11。 1H-NMR (600 MHz, CHCl3) δ: 2.78 (1H, dd,J= 15.0、9.0 Hz, H-1α), 1.68 (1H, d,J=15.0Hz, H-1β), 2.51 (1H, m, H-2),5.16 (1H, d,J= 8.6 Hz, H-3), 5.40 (1H, brs, H-5), 5.14(1H, d,J=1.6 Hz, H-7), 4.54 (1H, dd,J= 10.6、1.6 Hz, H-8), 1.10 (1H, dd,J=10.6、9.1Hz, H-9), 1.04 (1H, m, H-11), 4.83 (1H, dd,J= 10.6、4.0 Hz, H-12), 2.89 (1H, qd,J= 7.3、4.0 Hz, H-13), 0.92 (3H, d,J= 7.3 Hz, H-16), 2.06 (3H, 3, H-17), 1.04 (3H, s, H-18), 0.82 (3H, s, H-19), 1.05 (3H,J=7.0Hz, H-20), 3.80 (3H, s, OCH3), 3.67 (2H, brs, H-2′), 7.20 (1H, m, H-4′) , 6.85 (1H, m, H-5′), 6.85 (1H, m, H-7′), 7.20 (1H, m, H-8′) , 2.06 (3H, s, COCH3), 2.09 (3H, s, COCH3), 1.97 (3H, s,COCH3)。13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 31.5 (C-1), 29.5 (C-2), 76.9 (C-3), 73.4(C-4), 117.1 (C-5), 139.4 (C-6), 76.9 (C-7), 71.5 (C-8), 24.6 (C-9), 19.3 (C-10), 30.6 (C-11), 70.6 (C-12) , 43.0 (C-13), 207.8 (C-14), 71.1 (C-15), 16.9 (C-16), 17.4 (C-17), 29.1 (C-18), 16.0 (C-19), 13.4 (C-20), 170.4 (C-1′), 40.6 (C-2′), 113.9 (C-3′), 130.4 (C-4′), 125.7 (C-5′), 158.4 (C-6′), 125.7 (C-7′), 130.4 (C-8′), 55.4 (-OCH3), 170.6(COCH3), 20.6(COCH3), 170.5 (COCH3), 20.9 (COCH3), 170.3(COCH3), 21.0(COCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[6],確定為ingol 7,8,12-triacetate 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acetate。
化合物5(21.1mg):白色粉末。 HR-ESI-MS:分子量 490,分子式C27H38O8。 1H-NMR (600 MHz, CHCl3) δ: 1.64 (1H, dd,J=14.9、1.9 Hz, H-1β), 2.76 (1H, dd,J=14.9、9.0 Hz, H-1α), 2.40 (1H, m, H-2),4.36 (1H, d,J= 8.2 Hz, H-3), 5.87 (1H, brs, H-5), 4.28 (1H, brs, H-7), 4.57 (1H, dd,J= 10.7, 1.4 Hz, H-8), 1.43 (1H, dd,J= 10.7, 9.5 Hz, H-9), 1.10 (1H, dd,J= 11.0, 9.5 Hz, H-11), 4.87 (1H, dd,J=11.0, 3.9 Hz, H-12), 2.92 (1H, dq,J=3.9, 7.3 Hz, H-13), 1.07 (3H, d,J= 7.6 Hz, H-16), 2.09 (3H, brs, H-17), 1.09 (3H, s, H-18), 0.82 (3H, s, H-19), 1.04 (3H, d,J= 7.3 Hz, H-20), 2.07(3H, s, OCH3), 6.91 (1H, qq,J=6.0, 1.2 Hz, H-3′), 1.81 (3H, dq,J=6.0, 1.6 Hz, H-4′) , 1.84 (3H, dq,J=1.6, 1.6 Hz, H-5′)。13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 31.8 (C-1), 29.1 (C-2), 76.1(C-3), 74.3(C-4), 117.1 (C-5), 141.7 (C-6), 76.4 (C-7), 76.3 (C-8), 23.8 (C-9), 19.1 (C-10), 31.6 (C-11), 70.9 (C-12) , 43.2 (C-13), 207.9 (C-14), 72.8 (C-15), 16.3 (C-16), 17.5 (C-17), 29.2 (C-18), 16.3 (C-19), 13.4 (C-20), 170.7 (OCOCH3), 21.0 (COCH3),167.7 (C-1′), 138.2 (C-2′), 128.7 (C-3′), 12.0 (C-4′), 14.5 (C-5′)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[7],確定為12-O-acetyl-8-O-tigloylingol 。
化合物6(47.5mg):白色固體。HR-ESI-MS:分子量450,分子式C24H34O8; 1H-NMR (600 MHz,? CDCl3) δ: 2.82 (1H, dd,J= 15.0、9.3 Hz, H-1α), 1.66 (1H, d,J= 15.0, 1.9 Hz, H-1β), 2.58 (1H, m, H-2),5.21 (1H, d,J= 8.4 Hz, H-3), 5.75 (1H, s, H-5), 4.21 (1H, s, H-7), 3.46 (1H, dd,J= 10.3、1.9 Hz, H-8), 1.25 (1H, m, H-9), 1.06 (1H, m,? H-11), 4.85 (1H, dd,J= 11.0、3.9 Hz, H-12), 2.93 (1H, m, H-13), 0.90 (3H, d,J= 7.4 Hz, H-16), 1.97 (3H, s, H-17), 1.09 (3H, s, H-18), 1.08 (3H, s, H-19), 1.04 (3H, d,J= 7.3 Hz, H-20), 2.10 (6H, s, C12OCOCH3, C3OCOCH3)。13C NMR (150 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 31.7 (C-1), 29.6 (C-2), 77.7(C-3), 71.3 (C-4), 116.6 (C-5), 141.7 (C-6), 78.2 (C-7), 71.5 (C-8), 27.5(C-9), 18.4 (C-10), 31.0 (C-11), 70.9 (C-12) , 43.1 (C-13), 207.7 (C-14), 73.9 (C-15), 17.0 (C-16), 17.9 (C-17), 29.4 (C-18), 16.5 (C-19), 13.4 (C-20), 20.8 (C3OCOCH3), 21.1 (C12OCOCH3), 170.9 (C3OCOCH3), 17.07 (C12OCOCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道一致[8],確定為3,12-di-O-acetylingol。
4 結(jié) 論
維藥“排日非云”在當(dāng)?shù)孛耖g用于治療白內(nèi)障,但尚未見(jiàn)有關(guān)其清除白內(nèi)障的藥理和化學(xué)研究報(bào)道。本實(shí)驗(yàn)前期通過(guò)硒性白內(nèi)障大鼠動(dòng)物模型篩選出多脂大戟樹(shù)脂治療白內(nèi)障的活性部位,通過(guò)進(jìn)一步分離得到6個(gè)單體化合物, 其中羊毛甾醇及其類似物eburicol 為主要成分。研究表明,羊毛甾醇可以降低兔白內(nèi)障晶狀體白內(nèi)障嚴(yán)重程度、提高透明度,并在體內(nèi)試驗(yàn)中減輕了狗白內(nèi)障嚴(yán)重程度[9]。據(jù)此,初步推斷維藥“排日非云”用于治療白內(nèi)障可能與所含大量的羊毛甾醇及類似物相關(guān)。
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(收稿日期:2020-06-05 編輯:劉斌)
基金項(xiàng)目:江西省衛(wèi)生計(jì)生委中醫(yī)藥科研課題 (2017A300)。
作者簡(jiǎn)介:廖東波(1994-),男,漢族,碩士研究生在讀,研究方向?yàn)橹兴庂|(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究。 E-mail:2473776179@qq.com
通信作者:張亞梅(1982-),女,漢族,博士,副教授,研究方向?yàn)橹兴庂Y源與民族藥開(kāi)發(fā)利用研究。E-mail:yameizhang01@126.com