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皮秒激光與Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光治療頑固性黃褐斑療效比較

2020-01-13 05:06王羿婷
中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué) 2020年12期
關(guān)鍵詞:黃褐斑臨床療效

[摘要]目的:比較皮秒激光和Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光治療頑固性黃褐斑患者的臨床療效,對(duì)兩種激光的療效和安全性進(jìn)行評(píng)估。方法:收集2017年9月-2018年9月在筆者醫(yī)院美容皮膚科就診的140例黃褐斑患者資料,隨機(jī)分為皮秒激光組和Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光兩組,分別采用波長(zhǎng)為755nm的皮秒激光和波長(zhǎng)為1 064nm的Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光進(jìn)行治療。1次/月,共治療6次。分別在治療前、治療后6個(gè)月觀察兩組患者的療效、MASI評(píng)分及不良反應(yīng),并由患者進(jìn)行滿意度測(cè)評(píng)。結(jié)果:治療后,兩組患者均有明顯的好轉(zhuǎn),患者面部色斑變淺、面積變小;Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光組的治療有效率低于皮秒激光組(P<0.05);Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG組和皮秒激光組患者的MASI評(píng)分均明顯低于治療前(P<0.001),Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG組治療后MASI評(píng)分明顯高于皮秒激光組MASI評(píng)分(P=0.001);兩組患者的滿意度和不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比價(jià)無(wú)顯著性差異。結(jié)論:與1 064nm Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光治療相比,用755nm皮秒激光治療有更好療效,有效率顯著高于Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光組,醫(yī)師的MASI評(píng)估分?jǐn)?shù)也低于Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光組。

[關(guān)鍵詞]皮秒激光;Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光;黃褐斑;臨床療效

[中圖分類號(hào)]R758.4+2? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2020)12-0019-03

Clinical Efficiency Analysis on the Treatment of Regractory Melasma Using Picosecond Laser and Nd:YAG Laser

WANG Yi-ting

(Department of Dermatology, Suzhou Mebel Cosmetology Hospital,Suzhou 215000,Jiangsu,China)

Abstract: Objective? To compare the data of patients with melasma treated by picosecond laser and 1 064 nm QS-Nd: YAG laser to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the two lasers. Methods? The data of 140 patients with melasma who were treated in the Department of Aesthetic Dermatology in our hospital from September 2017 to September 2018 were collected. It was divided into two groups and treated with picosecond laser with a wavelength of 755nm and QS-Nd:YAG laser with a wavelength of 1 064nm. 1 time /month, a total of 6 treatments. The efficacy, MASI score, and adverse reactions of the two groups of patients were observed before treatment and after 6 months of treatment, and the patients were evaluated for satisfaction. Results? The two groups of patients showed significant improvement after treatment,and the patients' facial spots became lighter and the area became smaller. QS-Nd:YAG group: the treatment efficiency of the QS-Nd:YAG group was lower than that of the picosecond laser group (P<0.05).The MASI scores of patients in the QS-Nd:YAG group and the picosecond laser group were significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.001), and the MASI scores after treatment in the QS-Nd:YAG group were significantly higher than those in the picosecond laser group (P=0.001) There was no difference in the satisfaction and adverse reaction rates between the two groups. Conclusion? Compared with treatment with 1 064 nm QS-Nd:YAG laser, treatment with 755 nm picosecond laser has better efficacy, and the effective rate is significantly higher than that of QS-Nd: YAG laser treatment group. The physician s MASI evaluation score Also lower than QS-Nd:YAG laser treatment group.

Key words: picosecond laser; QS-Nd: YAG laser; melasma; clinical efficacy

黃褐斑是頑固性色素沉著癥,在亞洲地區(qū),特別在育齡婦女中有很高發(fā)病率[1]。其主要臨床表現(xiàn)為淺棕色至深棕色斑塊,皮損常發(fā)生于臉頰和前額,邊界較不清楚。盡管對(duì)黃褐斑的研究不斷開(kāi)展[2],但沒(méi)有發(fā)現(xiàn)徹底治愈該疾病的有效方法。Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光低能量密度治療黃褐斑已經(jīng)被廣泛應(yīng)用[3-6]。近年來(lái),皮秒激光治療在臨床上應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛,皮秒激光與Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光納秒級(jí)脈寬相比,皮秒激光脈寬更短,降至皮秒級(jí),增強(qiáng)了對(duì)色素的爆破能力,同時(shí)提高了治療的安全性[7-10]。本研究比較皮秒激光和Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光治療黃褐斑的臨床療效,對(duì)兩種激光的療效和安全性進(jìn)行評(píng)估,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1? 資料和方法

1.1 一般資料:選擇2017年9月-2018年9月在筆者醫(yī)院美容皮膚科就診的140例黃褐斑患者為研究對(duì)象?;颊呔鶠榕裕琎開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光組:年齡(38.66±7.38)歲,病程(6.54±2.69)年;皮秒激光組:年齡(36.79±6.94)歲,病程(7.13±3.05)年,兩組患者一般資料比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):明確診斷為黃褐斑,分布于面部雙頰,所有患者均知情同意本研究;排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并其他嚴(yán)重器質(zhì)性疾病者,正在接受激光治療或口服藥物治療者。

1.3 方法:Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光組:采用Naturalase飛頓大QTM皮膚色素激光儀,頻率10Hz,波長(zhǎng)1 064nm,光斑直徑為6mm,能量密度為4J/cm2,在黃褐斑區(qū)進(jìn)行均勻照射,1次/月;皮秒激光組:采用美國(guó)賽諾秀皮秒激光儀治療,波長(zhǎng)755nm,光斑直徑6~8mm,能量密度0.4~0.7J/cm2,在黃褐斑區(qū)進(jìn)行均勻照射,1次/月。治療完成后均給予冷噴,并囑患者注意防曬。

1.4 療效評(píng)價(jià)

1.4.1 黃褐斑評(píng)分(MASI)[11]:治療前、后由兩名醫(yī)師單獨(dú)對(duì)患者進(jìn)行黃褐斑評(píng)分,見(jiàn)表1。

1.4.2 療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[12]:基本痊愈:色斑面積消退>90%,皮膚基本恢復(fù)正常;顯效:色斑面積消退61%~90%,顏色明顯變淡;好轉(zhuǎn):色斑面積消退31%~60%,顏色淡化,但皮損仍有邊界;無(wú)效:色斑面積<30%,顏色淡化不明顯,皮損變化不大。有效率=(基本痊愈+顯效)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%。

1.4.3 患者滿意度:采用筆者醫(yī)院自制的滿意度調(diào)查表評(píng)估兩組患者的治療滿意度,由患者對(duì)自身面部美觀情況進(jìn)行打分,經(jīng)預(yù)調(diào)查本量表的內(nèi)部一致性信度系數(shù)為0.87,效度系數(shù)為0.88。滿分100分,得分<60分即不滿意,60~69分即為一般,70~89分即為較滿意,90~100分即非常滿意。滿意度以較滿意+非常滿意計(jì)。

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:用SPSS 20.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料用x?±s進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)描述,用t檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行組間比較,計(jì)數(shù)資料用率和百分比進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)描述,用χ2檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行組間比較,P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2? 結(jié)果

2.1 臨床療效:所有患者均接受6次治療,治療6個(gè)月后對(duì)療效進(jìn)行評(píng)估。兩組患者治療后均有明顯好轉(zhuǎn),患者面部色斑變淺、面積變小。在臨床療效方面,Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光組治療有效率85.71%,皮秒激光組治療有效率95.71%,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=7.375,P=0.046),見(jiàn)表2。典型病例見(jiàn)圖1~3。

2.2 黃褐斑評(píng)分:治療前后有相同醫(yī)生對(duì)患者臉部進(jìn)行MASI評(píng)分,治療前Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光組為(10.03±3.11)分,皮秒激光組為(10.55±3.36)分,兩組比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(t=-0.950,P=0.345);治療結(jié)束后,Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG組和皮秒激光組患者的MASI評(píng)分均明顯低于治療前(P<0.001);治療后,Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光組MASI評(píng)分(6.37±1.89)分,明顯高于皮秒激光組的(5.20±1.65)分,兩組比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(t=-3.901,P=0.001),見(jiàn)表3。

2.3 患者滿意度比較:治療結(jié)束后,對(duì)所有患者進(jìn)行滿意度測(cè)評(píng),Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光組患者滿意度為84.29%,皮秒激光組滿意度為91.43%,兩組比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(χ2=1.674,P=0.196),見(jiàn)表4。

2.4 不良反應(yīng)事件發(fā)生率:兩組患者治療后均出現(xiàn)輕中度紅斑,經(jīng)過(guò)冷敷1~2h后紅斑均消退。所有患者無(wú)感染、色素沉著和瘢痕等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生。

3? 討論

黃褐斑是在亞洲人群中很常見(jiàn)的色素沉著性疾病,特別是在中年女性中有很高的發(fā)病率[13]。通常表現(xiàn)為面部對(duì)稱,不規(guī)則的黑色素沉著癥,主要表現(xiàn)在雙側(cè)中央頰部[7,14]。黃褐斑的發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不清楚,可能與遺傳,紫外線照射,激素水平變化和炎癥等因素有關(guān)[15]。黃褐斑治療方法主要有激光治療、藥物治療以及聯(lián)合治療。目前,最常用的治療黃褐斑的方法包括強(qiáng)脈沖光(IPL)[16-17]、Q開(kāi)關(guān)紅寶石激光器(694nm)[18-19],以及Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光(1 064nm)[20-21]已經(jīng)被用于治療黃褐斑,然而,這些治療手段的療效并不理想,患者治療后容易反復(fù)發(fā)作。以往治療中,有學(xué)者報(bào)道了Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光(1 064nm)平頂光束治療黃褐斑的方法[22-25]。盡管有較好的臨床療效,但可能會(huì)增加斑點(diǎn)性色素沉著的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[26-27]。

用激光治療黃褐斑的目的是將色素沉著減少到正常的色素沉著水平。皮秒激光的機(jī)制主要依靠光機(jī)械效應(yīng)來(lái)破壞目標(biāo)組織,同時(shí)伴隨著減弱的光熱效應(yīng)(相對(duì)于納秒或毫秒脈沖)[9]。極短的皮秒脈沖首次為醫(yī)師提供了一種選擇性控制黑素和黑素細(xì)胞的新方法[8]。與Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光治療儀相比,皮秒激光由于光熱效應(yīng)減少而具有更高的安全性?,F(xiàn)今市場(chǎng)上有532nm、755nm和1 064nm皮秒激光設(shè)備可用。盡管532nm對(duì)黑色素的吸收系數(shù)比755nm高得多,但是532nm對(duì)鐵血黃素的吸收也相對(duì)較高。此外,與755nm相比,1 064nm對(duì)黑色素的吸收系數(shù)較低,對(duì)鐵血黃素的吸收系數(shù)較高[28]。因此,在532nm和1 064nm上,755nm對(duì)黑色素具有更好的選擇性。

本研究結(jié)果顯示,與1 064nm Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光1 064nm治療相比,用755nm皮秒激光治療有更好的療效,有效率顯著高于Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光組,醫(yī)師的MASI評(píng)估分?jǐn)?shù)也低于Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光組。但是兩組患者的滿意度沒(méi)有差異,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率也沒(méi)有顯著性差異。但本研究因樣本量小和隨訪時(shí)間短,有一定的局限性,未來(lái)可能需要更大樣本量和更長(zhǎng)隨訪時(shí)間的研究。

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[收稿日期]2020-03-25

本文引用格式:王羿婷.皮秒激光與Q開(kāi)關(guān)Nd:YAG激光治療頑固性黃褐斑療效比較[J].中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué),2020,29(12):19-22.

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