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快速康復(fù)護(hù)理在全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換圍術(shù)期的應(yīng)用效果

2019-11-14 13:01:45鄭莉斯黃樂(lè)平
中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥 2019年26期
關(guān)鍵詞:快速康復(fù)圍術(shù)期護(hù)理

鄭莉斯 黃樂(lè)平

[摘要]目的 探討快速康復(fù)護(hù)理在全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)圍術(shù)期的應(yīng)用效果。方法 選取2018年3~12月在我院住院行全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)80例患者作為研究對(duì)象,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分成對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組各40例。觀察組給予符合快速康復(fù)外科理念的護(hù)理措施,對(duì)照組給予常規(guī)圍手期護(hù)理,比較兩組術(shù)后第1、3、7天的膝關(guān)節(jié)功能和疼痛情況,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率、術(shù)后首次下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間及護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分。結(jié)果 術(shù)后第1、3、7天,觀察組膝關(guān)節(jié)功能評(píng)分[(62.08±7.14)、(75.37±6.05)、(83.52±4.67)分]高于對(duì)照組[(58.02±6.69)、(72.22±5.82)、(78.26±5.39)分],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組疼痛評(píng)分[(6.33±1.54)、(4.53±1.12)、(2.36±1.04)分]均低于對(duì)照組[(7.27±1.36)、(5.29±1.53)、(3.22±0.98)分],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率(10.00%)低于對(duì)照組(37.50%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)后首次下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間[(1.24±0.56)d]短于對(duì)照組[(2.46±0.84)d],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組住院時(shí)間[(6.82±1.62)d]短于對(duì)照組[(11.38±2.28)d],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);觀察組的護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分[(35.17±2.35)分]高于對(duì)照組[(33.55±2.08)分],差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 快速康復(fù)護(hù)理能促進(jìn)膝關(guān)節(jié)功能恢復(fù),減輕疼痛,促進(jìn)患者早期下床活動(dòng),縮短住院時(shí)間,提高患者的護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分。

[關(guān)鍵詞]快速康復(fù);全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換;圍術(shù)期;護(hù)理

[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R473.6 ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1674-4721(2019)9(b)-0213-04

Application effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing in perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty

ZHENG Li-si1? ?HUANG Le-ping2

1. Department of Orthopedic, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital? Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University Medical College, Guangdong Province, Guanzhou? ?510220, China; 2. Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital? Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University Medical College, Guangdong Province, Guanzhou? ?510220, China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of rapid rehabilitation nursing in the perioperative period of total knee arthroplasty. Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty in our hospital from March to December 2018 were selected and divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method, 40 cases in each group. The observation group received nursing measures in line with the concept of rapid rehabilitation surgery, while the control group received routine perioperative nursing. The knee joint function and pain on the 1, 3 and 7th postoperative day, the postoperative complication rate, first time to get out of bed, hospital stay and nursing satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results On the 1, 3 and 7th postoperative day, the knee joint function scores of the observation group ([62.08±7.14], [75.37±6.05], [83.52±4.67] points) were higher than that of the control group ([58.02±6.69]. [72.22±5.82], [78.26±5.39]points), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the pain scores of the observation group ([6.33±1.54], [4.53±1.12], [2.36±1.04]points) were lower than that of the control group ([7.27±1.36], [5.29±1.53], [3.22±0.98]points), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate in the observation group (10.00%) was lower than that in the control group (37.50%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The first time to get out of bed in the observation group ([1.24±0.56]d) was shorter than that in the control group ([2.46±0.84)d), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the hospital stay of the observation group ([6.82±1.62]d) was shorter than the control group ([11.38±2.28]d), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The nursing satisfaction of the observation group ([35.17±2.35] points) was higher than that of the control group (33.55±2.08) points, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Rapid rehabilitation nursing can promote knee function recovery, relieve pain, promote early bed-out activities, shorten hospital stay, and improve patient satisfaction.

3.2快速康復(fù)護(hù)理能降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率

本研究結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)施快速康復(fù)護(hù)理后,觀察組的術(shù)后并發(fā)癥總發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示快速康復(fù)護(hù)理能降低全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率,這與姚美華等[13]的研究結(jié)果相似。分析其原因,通過(guò)術(shù)前改善患者營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況,增強(qiáng)了機(jī)體抵抗力。術(shù)后提早拔除尿管和引流管,減少了感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。術(shù)前教會(huì)患者有效咳嗽、術(shù)后促進(jìn)患者早期床上鍛煉等措施,均有助于降低并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率。

3.3快速康復(fù)護(hù)理能促進(jìn)患者提早下床活動(dòng),縮短住院時(shí)間,提高患者滿意度

本研究結(jié)果顯示,實(shí)施快速康復(fù)護(hù)理后,觀察組術(shù)后早期下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間早于對(duì)照組,住院時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組,且護(hù)理滿意度評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示快速康復(fù)護(hù)理能促進(jìn)患者早期下床活動(dòng),縮短住院時(shí)間,提高患者滿意度,這與林銷(xiāo)等[14-15]的研究結(jié)果相似。分析其原因,通過(guò)早期功能鍛煉,促進(jìn)了膝關(guān)節(jié)功能的恢復(fù),增加了關(guān)節(jié)的力量和穩(wěn)定性?;颊叩奶弁礈p輕,使其能夠更好地配合治療護(hù)理,促進(jìn)早日康復(fù)。醫(yī)護(hù)人員在圍術(shù)期除給予患者疾病相關(guān)知識(shí)與技能指導(dǎo)外,還注重對(duì)患者的心理疏導(dǎo),不僅有利于病情康復(fù),同時(shí)也有助于建立良好的護(hù)患關(guān)系,提高患者滿意度。

綜上所述,快速康復(fù)護(hù)理能有效促進(jìn)全膝關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)患者膝關(guān)節(jié)功能康復(fù),減輕術(shù)后疼痛,促進(jìn)患者早期下床活動(dòng),減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥,縮短了住院時(shí)間,提高了患者的滿意度。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[10]張端香.改良視覺(jué)模擬評(píng)分法在中醫(yī)護(hù)理方案臨床效果評(píng)價(jià)中的應(yīng)用[J].全科護(hù)理,2017,15(27):3377-3378.

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(收稿日期:2019-03-11? 本文編輯:崔建中)

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