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交直流混雜環(huán)境下變壓器漏電感參數(shù)分析方法

2019-10-21 09:31潘超米儉蔡國偉王格萬韓濤金明權(quán)
關(guān)鍵詞:擾動(dòng)電感漏電

潘超 米儉 蔡國偉 王格萬 韓濤 金明權(quán)

Abstract:The variation of inductance and current are obviously different from the traditional condition when the power transformer is impacted by DC disturbance. The characteristics of dynamic leakage inductance were studied in AC-DC hybrid transformer. The T-shape equivalent circuit was established based on the basic circuit principle. Identification matrix of the dynamic inductance is obtained, and the identification method of inductance was deduced. Then the electromagnetic characteristics of DC-injected transformer were simulated and analyzed through the time-domain field-circuit coupled method, and the varying rule of the key parameters was summarized. Furthermore, the variation characteristics of dynamic leakage inductance on both sides of transformer were analyzed to reflect the different DC disturbance level combined with T equivalent circuit. Finally, the simulation results were verified by the dynamic model test.

Keywords:equivalent circuit; DC disturbance; dynamic leakage inductance; transformer protection

0 引 言

電力變壓器作為電力系統(tǒng)中至關(guān)重要的設(shè)備,在不同級(jí)別的電網(wǎng)互聯(lián)和功率交換著關(guān)鍵作用[1-2]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),(準(zhǔn))直流電流可以出現(xiàn)在直流輸電單極大地回路運(yùn)行或地球磁暴條件下交流電網(wǎng)的接地變壓器—輸電線路—大地回路中[3-4],同時(shí)大規(guī)模電力電子裝置的應(yīng)用與普及,使得線路中可能存在一定的直流分量[5]。因此,交流電網(wǎng)中的變壓器存在交直流混雜的特殊運(yùn)行環(huán)境,導(dǎo)致作為電磁裝置的一類設(shè)備如變壓器存在直流偏磁[6]。近年來,歐美地區(qū)多次發(fā)生由于變壓器遭受直流擾動(dòng)所導(dǎo)致的大規(guī)模停電事故[7],我國各地區(qū)電網(wǎng)也頻繁出現(xiàn)類似事故[8]。直流擾動(dòng)時(shí),會(huì)給變壓器帶來運(yùn)行異常以及保護(hù)方面等問題,從而威脅電網(wǎng)及其主要設(shè)備的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。因此,研究直流擾動(dòng)時(shí)相關(guān)參數(shù)的變化情況以及對(duì)設(shè)備和系統(tǒng)的安全性和保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)具有重要意義。

直流擾動(dòng)情況下的變壓器,存在鐵心飽和程度加深、勵(lì)磁電流畸變以及諧波增加等現(xiàn)象,進(jìn)一步帶來相關(guān)電氣參數(shù)的保護(hù)故障以及補(bǔ)償裝置跳閘等問題[9-10]。目前,依靠電感參數(shù)開展變壓器保護(hù)的研究頗受關(guān)注[11-13]。文獻(xiàn)[14-15]中以變壓器漏感參數(shù)作為研究對(duì)象,利用漏感反映變壓器遭受擾動(dòng)時(shí)的內(nèi)部電磁變化情況,從而保護(hù)短路等故障時(shí)的變壓器。但是,上述方法沒有將直流擾動(dòng)考慮到變壓器的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)中,而且變壓器遭受直流擾動(dòng)時(shí)采用該保護(hù)策略并沒有對(duì)漏感參數(shù)進(jìn)行處理。因此,有必要結(jié)合變壓器偏磁特點(diǎn),分析漏感參數(shù)的變化特性,為探索變壓器新型直流擾動(dòng)保護(hù)策略提供理論依據(jù)。

本文研究了直流擾動(dòng)時(shí)變壓器偏磁效應(yīng)下的漏感參數(shù)變化特性,通過建立基于動(dòng)態(tài)漏電感參數(shù)的變壓器直流擾動(dòng)模型,獲得動(dòng)態(tài)漏電感矩陣和勵(lì)磁電感矩陣。利用電磁耦合模型模擬受直流擾動(dòng)影響時(shí)的變壓器電磁特性,總結(jié)電流、電感和磁通量的變化規(guī)律,分析變壓器兩側(cè)動(dòng)態(tài)漏感的變化特性。最后,通過動(dòng)模實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證仿真分析結(jié)果。

1 基于漏感參數(shù)的直流擾動(dòng)模型

1.1 變壓器電路方程

表3中,L1e為動(dòng)態(tài)電感的平均值。變壓器勵(lì)磁飽和程度隨直流擾動(dòng)水平的升高而加深。對(duì)比不同運(yùn)行條件下變壓器關(guān)鍵參數(shù)可知:直流擾動(dòng)加深時(shí),I1增大,L1e減小,表明有效主磁通減小,漏磁通增大,從而導(dǎo)致動(dòng)態(tài)漏電感的增大。綜上,變壓器空載運(yùn)行與負(fù)載運(yùn)行時(shí),動(dòng)態(tài)漏電感參數(shù)的變化情況基本一致。

5 結(jié) 論

對(duì)于交直流混雜環(huán)境下變壓器受的勵(lì)磁飽和與失穩(wěn)問題,結(jié)合漏電感參數(shù)在直流擾動(dòng)下的變化情況研究其偏磁特性,得出以下結(jié)論:

1)無直流擾動(dòng)時(shí),動(dòng)態(tài)漏電感參數(shù)正負(fù)半周對(duì)稱,隨著直流擾動(dòng)增大,電感波形發(fā)生畸變,與非線性勵(lì)磁狀態(tài)對(duì)應(yīng),其畸變程度由直流擾動(dòng)程度決定,利用漏感參數(shù)可以表征變壓器在直流擾動(dòng)下的異常和故障。

2)通過實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證仿真波形的正確性,同時(shí)驗(yàn)證了本文所提出的漏感參數(shù)分析方法的有效性,為進(jìn)一步研究交直流混雜環(huán)境下變壓器的變化特性與開展相關(guān)保護(hù)研究提供可行方法。

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(編輯:賈志超)

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