倪有源 余長城 陳浩
Abstract:Sensorless control is the trend of development in the future. In order to improve the accuracy of a sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor control system, based on an average terminal voltage, a quasi sliding mode observer with a line back electromotive force (EMF) was proposed. To reduce chattering in the traditional sliding mode observer, a saturation function with boundary layer was employed and the average terminal voltage was sampled. In the control strategy, line back EMF without filter circuit and phase compensation module were obtained, and by using of the line back EMF as commutation signal the problem of phase back EMF as commutation signal lagging 30° electrical degree was eliminated with the actual commutation signal. The virtual hall signals corresponding the line back EMF determine the commutation signals. Compared with the traditional sliding mode control method, the proposed method can be used to obtain low torque ripple and fast response speed. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed method is effective and correct .
Keywords:sensorless control; brushless DC motor; average terminal voltage; line back electromotive force; quasi sliding mode observer
0 引 言
永磁無刷直流電機具有控制簡單、可靠性高以及效率高等優(yōu)點,廣泛應用于各種場合[1]。傳統(tǒng)的無刷直流電機采用霍爾傳感器檢測轉子位置從而換相,然而位置傳感器卻限制了無刷直流電機在一些場合的應用而且造成電機成本過高。因此,無位置傳感器無刷直流電機已成為關注的熱點之一。
國內外學者對于無位置傳感器控制技術進行了廣泛研究。常用的轉子位置檢測方法有反電勢檢測、續(xù)流二極管導通檢測、磁鏈檢測、觀測器檢測[2-7]等。在觀測器檢測方法中,滑模觀測器具有良好的魯棒性、簡化的外圍參數[8]等優(yōu)點而被眾多學者深入研究?;S^測器的設計常常在估值振蕩、相位延遲、收斂速度、系統(tǒng)能量損耗等因素之間進行取舍。文獻[9-10]針對無位置傳感器電動汽車驅動系統(tǒng)分別將高階非奇異終端模型和模糊邏輯引入滑模觀測器,根據滑模運動的情形來消除估算振蕩,確保系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性和魯棒性,整個系統(tǒng)的運算量十分巨大。文獻[11]采用了一種雙曲正切函數代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)滑模函數來削弱估值振蕩,同時將線反電勢加入狀態(tài)方程增加轉子估算的準確性,這種結合使用的方法無疑增加了運算的復雜性,使得在寬轉速電機推廣應用中受到限制,動態(tài)響應也很差。文獻[12]采用分段飽和函數代替簡單的符號函數,滑模輸入誤差在邊界層內外適用于分段函數中不同的條件,從而有效地減小了估值振蕩的問題,但是并沒有將分段函數進行理論推導,沒有和實驗匹配的理論支撐。文獻[13-14]均采取sigmoid函數構造代替?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)符號函數,提高了轉子位置的估算精確度,但是收斂問題使得整個系統(tǒng)魯棒性變差,從而動態(tài)響應速度需要進一步提高。
本文在文獻[12]提出的通過構建飽和函數搭建準滑模觀測器的基礎上,采用冪次趨近律進行了理論推導,不僅可以克服傳統(tǒng)滑模控制抖振的缺點,而且可以省去系統(tǒng)中的濾波電路。同時,本文提出了基于端電壓平均值的準滑??刂疲ㄟ^采樣端電壓的平均值進一步減少電路中的雜波,從而提高了系統(tǒng)控制的精確度。
1 無刷直流電機數學模型
三相無刷直流電機系統(tǒng)的等效電路如圖1所示。
4 結 論
1)與傳統(tǒng)的滑模觀測控制相比,采用端電壓的平均值作為觀測器的輸入量,能夠從一開始就減少輸入量中雜波對系統(tǒng)的影響,從而提高系統(tǒng)控制的精度。
2)采用線反電勢檢測的策略,不僅可以直接獲取換相信號,而且不需要外加補償電路,也不需要中性點電壓。與傳統(tǒng)方法相比,該方法能夠簡化控制電路。
3)與傳統(tǒng)的滑??刂葡啾龋捎脺驶绱乌吔实目刂撇呗?,可以減少各種濾波電路,動態(tài)響應速度快,同時也可以有效抑制抖振。電機在高速范圍內效果優(yōu)良,低速階段效果不佳,整個系統(tǒng)功耗較小。仿真和實驗結果驗證了提出的控制策略具有較好的可行性。
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(編輯:賈志超)