劉柳 蔣超 王舒陽
[摘要]目的探討敲低長鏈非編碼RNA`-結腸癌相關轉錄因子1(IncRNA`-CCAT1)表達對膠質瘤細胞活力、凋亡的影響及機制。方法將人腦膠質瘤U251細胞隨機分為空白組(未轉染的細胞)、陰性對照IncRNA`-CCAT1`-NC組(NC組)和IncRNA`-CCAT1`-小干擾RNA(siRNA)組(CCAT1`-siRNA組),CCAT1`-siRNA轉染U251細胞48 h,應用實時熒光定量PCR(qRT`-PCR)、流式細胞術及Western blotting分別檢測轉染效果、細胞凋亡率及β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin蛋白表達。采用MTT法檢測CCAT1`-siRNA轉染U251細胞24~96 h的細胞活力。結果CCAT1`-siRNA組和空白組間CCAT1 mRNA表達差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(F=472.885,P<0.05),而NC組和空白組間CCAT1 mRNA表達差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。CCAT1`-siRNA組和空白組相比較,細胞活力降低,凋亡率升高,β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin蛋白表達降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計學意義(F=13.372~100.869,P<0.05)。結論敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1表達可抑制膠質瘤細胞活力、誘導凋亡,其機制可能與下調Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin表達有關。
[關鍵詞]神經膠質瘤;RNA,長鏈非編碼;結腸癌相關轉錄因子1;細胞凋亡;Wnt信號通路
[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of knockdown of the long non`-coding RNA colon cancer`-associated transcript 1 (lncRNA`-CCAT1) on the viability and apoptosis of glioma cells and related mechanism. MethodsHuman glioma U251 cells were randomly divided into blank group (untransfected cells), lncRNA`-CCAT1 negative control group (NC group), and lncRNA`-CCAT1 small interfering RNA group (CCAT1`-siRNA group). U251 cells were transfected with CCAT1`-siRNA for 48 h. Quantitative real`-time PCR was used to measure transfection efficiency, flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis rate, and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of β`-catenin, cyclinD1, and Survivin. MTT assay was used to measure the viability of U251 cells at 24-96 h of CCAT1`-siRNA transfection. ResultsThere was a significant difference in the mRNA expression of CCAT1 between the CCAT1`-siRNA group and the blank group (F=472.885,P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the NC group and the blank group (P>0.05). Compared with the blank group, the CCAT1`-siRNA group had a significant reduction in cell viability, a significant increase in apoptosis rate, and significant reductions in the protein expression of β`-catenin, cyclinD1, and Survivin (F=13.372-100.869,P<0.05). ConclusionLncRNA`-CCAT1 knockdown can inhi`-bit the viability and induce apoptosis of glioma cells, possibly by downregulating the expression of β`-catenin, cyclinD1, and Survivin in the Wnt/β`-catenin signaling pathway.
[KEY WORDS]glioma; RNA, long noncoding; colon cancer associated transcription 1; apoptosis;?Wnt signaling pathway
腦膠質瘤是常見的原發(fā)性腦腫瘤,具有發(fā)病率高、復發(fā)率高、死亡率高及治愈率低的特點,嚴重危害人民的生命健康[1]。隨著分子生物學及腫瘤基因學的發(fā)展,膠質瘤的基因治療成為研究熱點。長鏈非編碼RNA(IncRNA)是一類不編碼蛋白、轉錄后長度大于200 nt的RNA分子,具有類似mRNA樣結構。近些年大量研究結果表明,IncRNA與多種疾病發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關[2`-3]。結腸癌相關轉錄因子1(CCAT1)是新近發(fā)現的一種IncRNA,在肝癌、肺癌、胃癌等多種腫瘤中IncRNA`-CCAT1均呈現高表達,影響腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展[4`-6]。膠質瘤相關研究結果顯示,IncRNA`-CCAT1可促進膠質瘤細胞增殖、侵襲、遷移和上皮細胞`-間充質轉化(EMT)[7`-8]。但關于其對膠質瘤細胞凋亡的影響及機制目前尚未清楚。因此,本研究以人腦膠質瘤U251細胞為研究對象,通過RNA干擾技術抑制CCAT1表達,旨在探討敲減IncRNA`-CCAT1表達對腦膠質瘤細胞凋亡影響,并進一步研究影響凋亡的作用機制?,F將結果報告如下。
1材料和方法
1.1細胞系及試劑和儀器
人腦膠質瘤U251細胞系購自中國科學院上海細胞庫。RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液、FBS均購自美國Gibco;IncRNA`-CCAT1`-陰性對照(NC)和IncRNA`-CCAT1`-小干擾RNA(siRNA)均由廣州瑞博生物科技有限公司合成;噻唑藍(MTT)試劑盒及DMSO均購自美國Sigma;β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin抗體及HRP標記的二抗均購自美國Abcam;細胞凋亡試劑盒、流式細胞儀均購自美國BD;多功能酶標儀購自美國Bio`-Rad;實時熒光定量PCR(qRT`-PCR)試劑盒購自大連TaKaRa。
1.2細胞培養(yǎng)
U251細胞常規(guī)復蘇后,使用含體積分數0.10 FBS的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液,在體積分數0.05 CO2、37 ℃恒溫培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),每天觀察細胞生長狀態(tài),每2 d換液1次,細胞生長狀態(tài)良好,且達90%~95%融合時,按照實驗需要傳代。取生長至對數期的細胞進行后續(xù)實驗。
1.3分組及轉染
將U251細胞隨機分為空白組(未轉染的細胞,A組)、陰性對照IncRNA`-CCAT1`-NC組(NC組,B組)和IncRNA`-CCAT1`-siRNA組(CCAT1`-siRNA組,C組)。轉染的操作步驟按照LipofectamineTM 2000說明進行。轉染前1 d以生長至對數期的U251細胞接種于6孔板,密度為(3~5)×107/L,使轉染前細胞達30%~50%融合。制備脂質體和siRNA復合物,將復合物加入6孔板,于體積分數0.05 CO2、37 ℃恒溫培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)6 h,更換含血清的培養(yǎng)液繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h,用于后續(xù)實驗研究。
1.4qRT`-PCR方法驗證敲低U251細胞IncRNA`-CCAT1效率
采用Trizol法提取轉染CCAT1`-siRNA 48 h細胞總RNA,紫外線分光光度計檢測A260/280比值及濃度,比值為1.8~2.0時,表明樣品純度高,可用于后續(xù)實驗。依據大連TaKaRa逆轉錄試劑盒說明要求將總RNA逆轉錄為cDNA。參照qRT`-PCR試劑盒說明配置反應體系及設置反應條件,其中反應體系為20 μL,反應結束后,依據所得Ct均值,以GAPDH作為內參,采用2-△△Ct方法計算各組細胞IncRNA`-CCAT1的mRNA相對表達量。每組實驗均重復3次,取均值。
1.5MTT法測定細胞活力
以每孔5 000個生長至對數期的U251細胞接種于96孔板,常規(guī)培養(yǎng)24 h后,按照1.3方法轉染,每組設置5個重復孔,轉染后的細胞在體積分數0.05 CO2、37 ℃恒溫培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng)24、48、72和96 h,吸去孔內培養(yǎng)液,PBS洗滌1次,每孔加入20 μL MTT溶液(5 g/L),常規(guī)孵育4~6 h,吸盡孔內上清,每孔加DMSO 150 μL,搖床低速震蕩10 min。于490 nm波長處用酶標儀測定各孔的吸光度(A)值。實驗重復3次,取均值。
1.6流式細胞術測定細胞凋亡率
以每孔5×105個生長至對數期的U251細胞接種于96孔板,參照1.3方法將CCAT1`-siRNA轉染細胞,預冷PBS洗滌、1×binding buffer重懸轉染48 h的細胞,取200 μL細胞懸液,分別加5 μL 的Annexin V`-FITC和5 μL的 PI,上機前補加1×binding buffer 200 μL,通過流式細胞儀檢測(1 h內完成)。實驗重復3次。
1.7Western blotting檢測相關蛋白表達
采用RIPA裂解液提取敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1`-siRNA的U251細胞、陰性對照U251細胞及未轉染的空白組U251細胞總蛋白,BCA蛋白測定試劑盒測定總蛋白濃度??偟鞍?00 ℃水浴變性5 min,按照每孔40 μg上樣,依次經100 g/L SDS`-PAGE電泳、轉膜及封閉膜后,TBST洗膜,將膜置于使用封閉液稀釋的一抗溶液中(1∶1 000稀釋的β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin抗體及1∶2 000稀釋的內參GAPDH),4 ℃孵育過夜,次日,TBST洗膜,加HRP標記的二抗(1∶2 000稀釋),37 ℃孵育2 h,TBST洗膜,ECL顯色,暗室下X線膠片顯影、定影。使用Image J2x軟件對相應蛋白進行光密度分析。實驗重復3次。
1.8統(tǒng)計學方法
所有實驗數據采用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計軟件進行分析,計量資料用±s表示,多組均數比較采用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較采SNK`-q檢驗。
2結果
2.1敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1對CCAT1 mRNA表達影響
本文qRT`-PCR檢測結果表明,空白組、NC組和CCAT1`-siRNA組的CCAT1 mRNA表達量分別為1.000、0.974±0.048和0.302±0.026,CCAT1`-
2期劉柳,等. 敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1表達對膠質瘤細胞凋亡影響199
siRNA組CCAT1 mRNA表達較NC組和空白組明顯降低,差異均具有顯著意義(F=472.885, P<0.05),而NC組和空白組間CCAT1 mRNA表達差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。
2.2敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1表達對U251細胞活力影響
MTT檢測的各組細胞活力結果顯示,NC組和空白組在CCAT1`-siRNA轉染U251細胞24~96 h的細胞活力差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),而CCAT1`-siRNA組從轉染48 h起細胞活力明顯低于空白組(F=10.415~23.775,P<0.05)。見圖1。
2.3敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1表達對U251細胞凋亡影響
流式細胞術檢測結果顯示,空白組、NC組和CCAT1`-siRNA組的細胞凋亡率分別為(3.66±0.32)%、(3.47±0.30)%和(24.48±2.03)% CCAT1`-siRNA組細胞凋亡率較NC組和空白組明顯升高,差異有顯著意義(F=304.267,P<0.05)。見圖2。
2.4敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1表達對Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路蛋白表達影響
Western blotting檢測各組細胞的β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin蛋白表達結果顯示,CCAT1`-siRNA組β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin的蛋白表達均明顯降低(F=13.372~100.869,P<0.05)。見圖3、表1。
3討論
越來越多的研究證實,腫瘤發(fā)生的分子機制不僅與蛋白編碼基因有關,與非編碼調節(jié)的RNA也有關系[9`-12]。近年大量的研究表明,人類基因組中有超過90%的LncRNA、siRNA、miRNA等非編碼RNA廣泛參與腫瘤發(fā)生、細胞代謝、免疫應答、胚胎發(fā)育等生理病理過程的調控[13`-15]。最近已發(fā)現多個LncRNA在膠質瘤中異常表達,且一些LncRNA可影響腫瘤細胞增殖、凋亡、侵襲和遷移等生物學特性[16]。CCAT1是近年來新發(fā)現的一種IncRNA,IncRNA`-CCAT1定位于染色體8q24.21,有多項研究表明IncRNA`-CCAT1可影響腫瘤進展[17`-19]。如IncRNA`-CCAT1可以通過抑制miR`-152促進肝外膽管癌的轉移、侵襲和EMT[17];LncRNA`-CCAT1可以通過上調Livin抑制腎癌細胞的凋亡[18];下調IncRNA`-CCAT1可通過調控miR`-148b增強乳癌化療敏感性[19]。以上研究提示,IncRNA`-CCAT1可能在膠質瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用。已有研究證實,IncRNA`-CCAT1可以促進膠質瘤細胞的增殖、侵襲和遷移[8],而CCAT1對膠質瘤細胞凋亡的影響及其機制目前尚未明確。因此,本研究探討了敲減IncRNA`-CCAT1表達后的膠質瘤細胞凋亡變化,結果顯示,IncRNA`-CCAT1表達降低可明顯抑制膠質瘤細胞活力、誘導細胞凋亡。
Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路也被稱為經典的Wnt信號,已被證實廣泛參與腫瘤形成、胚胎發(fā)育、細胞增殖等過程[20`-23]。β`-catenin是Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路的關鍵信號轉導分子,但各種因素引起Wnt分子表達增多時,可使胞質β`-catenin蛋白大量積聚,積聚的β`-catenin入核后與TCF/LEF家族轉錄因子結合,調控下游cyclinD1、survivin、c`-myc等一系列基因表達,進而影響腫瘤生物學特性[24`-26]。大量研究表明,Wnt/β`-catenin信號異?;罨c多種腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展存在密切關系[27`-28]。如過表達SOX9可以通過Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路促進膠質瘤轉移[27];Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路抑制劑能夠抑制腦膠質瘤細胞增殖、遷徙及遷移能力[28]。此外,也有多項研究表明,IncRNA可通過調控Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路影響膠質瘤細胞生長[29`-30]。如IncRNA AB073614可通過下調SOX7激活Wnt/β`-catenin信號增加膠質瘤的惡性行為[29];高表達LncRNA CCND2`-AS1可通過Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路促進膠質瘤細胞增殖[30]。IncRNA`-CCAT1是否可通過調控Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路影響膠質瘤細胞凋亡還未清楚。本研究結果顯示,敲減IncRNA`-CCAT1表達可下調β`-catenin、cyclinD1和survivin表達。這提示IncRNA`-CCAT1誘導膠質瘤細胞凋亡與下調Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路有關。
綜上所述,敲減IncRNA`-CCAT1表達可抑制膠質瘤細胞活力、誘導細胞凋亡,其機制與下調Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路有關。目前關于IncRNA`-CCAT1對膠質瘤細胞生長的影響及機制研究較少,本研究也僅限于IncRNA`-CCAT1對膠質瘤細胞增殖、凋亡及Wnt/β`-catenin信號通路的影響,而IncRNA`-CCAT1對膠質瘤細胞凋亡影響是否通過其他信號途徑還未明確,值得進一步研究。
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