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腰椎間盤髓核組織HSPA8表達及對退變程度影響

2019-09-10 07:22王華聰陳伯華金滄海相宏飛劉勇
關(guān)鍵詞:椎間盤腰椎間盤染色

王華聰 陳伯華 金滄海 相宏飛 劉勇

[摘要]目的探討70 kDa熱休克蛋白8(HSPA8)在人腰椎間盤髓核組織中的表達及其與人椎間盤退變程度的關(guān)系。方法收集人腰椎間盤髓核組織50例,其中15例為正常對照組,35例為退變腰椎間盤髓核組織(實驗組,根據(jù)術(shù)前MRI分為突出組12例,脫出組13例,游離組10例)。分別應(yīng)用Western`-blot、蘇木精`-伊紅(HE)染色、免疫組織化學(xué)方法檢測各組髓核組織中HSPA8的表達。結(jié)果3種方法檢測結(jié)果均顯示,對照組、突出組、脫出組、游離組腰椎間盤髓核組織中HSPA8表達依次降低,差異有顯著性(F=153.52~1 662.43,P<0.001)。結(jié)論HSPA8在人椎間盤髓核組織中穩(wěn)定表達,并且與椎間盤退變的程度相關(guān)。

[關(guān)鍵詞]HSC70熱休克蛋白質(zhì)類;椎間盤退行性變;印跡法,蛋白質(zhì);蘇木精;免疫組織化學(xué)

EXPRESSION OF HSPA8 IN THE NUCLEUS PULPOSUS TISSUE OF LUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS AND ITS EFFECT ON DEGENERATION OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISCS WANG Huacong, CHEN Bohua, JIN Canghai, XIANG Hongfei, LIU Yong(Department of Spinal Surgery, The Afflicated ?Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China)

[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of the 70 kDa heat shock protein member 8 (HSPA8) in the nucleus pulposus tissue of human lumbar intervertebral discs (LIDs) and its correlation with the degree of degeneration of human intervertebral discs. MethodsThe nucleus pulposus tissue of human LIDs was collected from 50 cases, including 15 cases as control group and 35 cases with degenerated LIDs as experimental group. According to preoperative MRI results, the experimental group was subdivided into protrusion group (n=12), prolapse group (n=13), and sequestration group (n=10). The expression of HSPA8 in the nucleus pulposus tissue of each group was determined by Western blot, hematoxylin`-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry. ResultsAll the results obtained from the three determination methods showed decreased expression of HSPA8 in the nucleus pulposus tissue of each group, with significant differences observed between groups (highest expression seen with the control group, successively followed by the protrusion group, the prolapse group, and the sequestration group) (F=153.52-1 662.43, all P<0.001). ConclusionHSPA8 is expressed stably in the nucleus pulposus tissue of human intervertebral discs, and its expression is correlated with the degree of degeneration of intervertebral discs.

[KEY WORDS]HSC70 heat`-shock proteins; intervertebral disc degeneration; blotting, Western; hematoxylin; immunohistochemistry

椎間盤退變是骨科常見的疾病,據(jù)統(tǒng)計,全球有70%~90%的人會受到其困擾[1`-3],腰腿痛是導(dǎo)致人類生活質(zhì)量下降、勞動力喪失的最常見原因[4`-6]。腰椎管狹窄癥、腰椎間盤突出癥是導(dǎo)致腰腿痛最常見的疾病[7]。腰椎間盤退變與遺傳和環(huán)境因素有關(guān),其特征之一就是椎間盤髓核蛋白多糖和水分含量喪失[8`-10]。熱休克蛋白是一種能夠在細胞核和細胞質(zhì)之間穿梭的多功能蛋白[11],參與多種細胞功能的調(diào)控,是分子伴侶系統(tǒng)重要的一部分[12`-13]。70 kDa熱休克蛋白8(HSPA8)是HSC70家族中高度保守的成員,具有多效性,對細胞的存活起著至關(guān)重要的作用,在應(yīng)激反應(yīng)中發(fā)揮著不可或缺的作用[14`-16]。LOEFFLER等[17]研究顯示,腦脊液中的HSPA8隨著年齡的增長而降低,并且與氧化應(yīng)激有關(guān)。YE等[18]首次報道HSPA8在退變椎間盤纖維環(huán)細胞中表達量降低。但是,HSPA8在人腰椎間盤髓核組織是否表達及其與椎間盤退變程度的關(guān)系尚不清楚。本文研究聯(lián)合應(yīng)用Western`-blot、蘇木精`-伊紅(HE)染色、免疫組織化學(xué)方法,對人腰椎間盤髓核組織中HSPA8表達及其與腰椎間盤退變程度的關(guān)系進行研究,為腰腿痛病人的治療提供理論依據(jù)。

1資料與方法

1.1一般資料

收集2017年6月—2018年4月在青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院行腰椎手術(shù)病人的椎間盤髓核組織50例,其中15例取自椎體爆裂骨折的青少年髓核組織(對照組),35例取自腰椎間盤退變病人髓核組織(實驗組)。根據(jù)SPENGLER[19]的方法及術(shù)前MRI將實驗組分為突出組(12例)、脫出組(13例)、游離組(10例)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①入院后經(jīng)MRI檢查明確診斷;②符合腰椎間盤突出癥的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);③病人或其家屬自愿簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①哺乳期、妊娠期婦女;②合并感染病人;③合并腫瘤病人;④合并后縱韌帶骨化、黃韌帶骨化病人;⑤合并免疫性疾病或其他全身疾病的病人。本文研究經(jīng)青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院倫理學(xué)委員會審批通過。

1.2主要材料

聚氰基丙烯酸正丁酯(BCA)購自北京索萊寶科技有限公司;十二烷基磺酸鈉`-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳 (SDS`-PAGE)蛋白上樣緩沖液(5×)購自上海碧云天生物技術(shù)有限公司;HSPA8一抗購自Abcam公司;內(nèi)參一抗、二抗購自武漢伊萊瑞特生物科技股份有限公司;免疫組化試劑盒購自上海麥約爾生物科技有限公司。

1.3研究方法

1.3.1Western`-blot方法檢測HSPA8表達剪取0.1 g椎間盤組織置于研磨碗中,再加入500 μL的RIPA裂解液提取蛋白。4 ℃條件下12 000 r/min離心10 min,吸取上層透亮液體加入上樣緩沖液中。BCA法測定蛋白濃度。從-20 ℃冰箱中取出樣品,按照4∶1比例加入buffer液體,95 ℃下煮沸15 min,從中取出100 μL混合液置入新的EP管中。SDS`-PAGE電泳:先恒壓80 V電泳30 min,然后120 V電泳60 min。用濕轉(zhuǎn)法將電泳完畢的膠轉(zhuǎn)膜至聚偏二氟乙烯膜(PVDF膜)上,以恒電流300 mA轉(zhuǎn)膜90 min,室溫下封閉1 h。然后加入HSPA8單克隆一抗(含有10 μL鼠抗HSPA8一抗及10 mL一抗稀釋液)、兔抗人GAPDH單克隆一抗(5 μL GAPDH一抗+20 μL含1.5 g/L脫脂奶粉的TBST溶液),置4 ℃條件下孵育過夜。第2天回收抗體,加入羊抗兔二抗(按照1∶4 000比例與二抗稀釋液混合),孵育1 h后,用顯影液顯影成像,獲得條帶圖。以GAPDH作為內(nèi)參,應(yīng)用Image J軟件測量各條帶的灰度值,以其表示HSPA8表達量。實驗重復(fù)3次。

1.3.2HE染色檢測HSPA8表達將人腰椎間盤髓核組織用生理鹽水沖洗干凈,放入40 g/L多聚甲醛溶液中固定,使組織蛋白變性凝固;流水沖洗組織,乙醇脫水,二甲苯脫乙醇,置于裝滿石蠟的金屬盒中包埋,切片,二甲苯脫蠟處理,乙醇水化,HE染色,并滴加適量的中性樹膠封片,晾干后顯微鏡下觀察HSPA8染色情況。采用Image`-Pro Plus 6.0圖像分析軟件對HE染色結(jié)果進行分析,以染色面積表示HSPA8表達量。實驗重復(fù)3次。

1.3.3免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測HSPA8表達制備人腰椎間盤髓核組織4 μm厚切片,烘烤2 h,脫蠟、水化,將體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.03甲醇`-過氧化氫加到切片上,高壓抗原修復(fù),放入PBS溶液中沖洗。切片上滴加50 μL一抗(一抗HSPA8/HSC71稀釋比例為1∶50,GAPDH稀釋比例為1∶50),4 ℃過夜,次日取出,待切片恢復(fù)至室溫后,放入PBS洗3次,每次5 min。滴加50 μL二抗,DAB染液顯色5~10 s,蘇木精復(fù)染,梯度乙醇脫水,二甲苯透明,封片,顯微鏡下照相。采用Image`-Pro Plus 6.0軟件計算平均光密度值,以其表示髓核組織中HSPA8的表達。實驗重復(fù)3次。

1.4統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析

應(yīng)用SPSS 3.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析,結(jié)果以±s形式表示,組間比較采用方差分析、ANOVA分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1各組Western`-blot結(jié)果比較

對照組、突出組、脫出組、游離組HSPA8表達(灰度值)依次降低,差異有顯著性(F=1 662.43,P<0.001)。見圖1、表1。

2.2各組HE染色結(jié)果比較

對照組:髓核組織結(jié)構(gòu)疏松,髓核細胞形態(tài)較規(guī)則,基質(zhì)成分完整,細胞數(shù)量較多,呈短梭形,分布均勻,輪廓清晰,胞膜完整,胞漿均勻,細胞核呈藍紫色;退變組:髓核組織水分較少,髓核細胞形態(tài)不規(guī)則,基質(zhì)成分減少,細胞數(shù)目較少,呈長梭形,分布不均勻,輪廓不清,胞內(nèi)聚集大量溶酶體,呈空泡樣(圖2)。各組染色面積比較差異有顯著性(F=153.52,P<0.001)。見表1。

2期王華聰,等. 腰椎間盤髓核組織HSPA8表達及對退變程度影響135

2.3各組免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測結(jié)果比較

對照組、突出組、脫出組、游離組中HSPA8的表達(平均光密度值)依次降低, 差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(F=633.28,P<0.001)。見圖3、表1。

3討論

腰椎退行性病變是脊柱外科常見的疾病,是隨著年齡的增長自然發(fā)生的病理過程,其癥狀嚴(yán)重影響病人的日常生活,明顯降低病人的生活質(zhì)量[20`-22]。本文研究以腰椎間盤退變?yōu)榍腥朦c,聯(lián)合應(yīng)用HE染色、Western`-blot方法、免疫組織化學(xué)法檢測不同退變程度的人腰椎間盤髓核組織中HSPA8的表達情況。研究結(jié)果顯示,對照組腰椎間盤髓核組織中HSPA8強陽性表達,突出組中HSPA8陽性表達,脫出組中HSPA8呈弱陽性表達,游離組中HSPA8弱陽性表達或表達極少,提示HSPA8表達與人類腰椎間盤退變相關(guān),其表達隨著腰椎間盤退變的程度的加重而減少。HSPA8具有多效性,對細胞的存活起著重要的作用,尤其是參與新合成蛋白的折疊[15,23]。GOLDFA等[24]研究結(jié)果表明,HSPA8和HSP70對調(diào)節(jié)小鼠上皮鈉通道起著相反的作用。與HSP70相比,HSPA8在促進膜蛋白折疊、脂質(zhì)體介導(dǎo)的鈣離子多肽易位方面更具有優(yōu)勢。影響HSPA8表達的因素有很多,如有機氯、鎘等[15,25`-26]。YE等[18]研究結(jié)果顯示,纖維環(huán)組織中HSPA8表達量減少,HSPA8等一些差異蛋白可以作為診斷腰椎間盤退變的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物。但是,目前尚無HSPA8是否在腰椎間盤髓核組織中表達及其表達量是否與腰椎間盤退變程度有關(guān)的報道。本文研究立足于腰椎間盤纖維環(huán)與HSPA8有密切聯(lián)系,探討HSPA8在腰椎間盤髓核組織中的表達及其與椎間盤退變的關(guān)系。HSPA8是新發(fā)現(xiàn)的與腰椎間盤退變髓核組織有關(guān)的蛋白,其特點在于表達恒定。MAKINO等[27]研究了抑制c`-Fos/AP`-1對椎間盤退行性變及相關(guān)疼痛的影響,結(jié)果顯示,金屬蛋白酶通過增加c`-Fos的表達來降解椎間盤中的細胞外基質(zhì),抑制細胞外組分的表達,選擇性c`-Fos/AP`-1抑制劑T`-5224似乎適合作為一種治療人類IVD變性的藥物,對腰椎間盤退變的治療起到指導(dǎo)性作用。姜棚菲等[28]研究顯示,新型金屬蛋白酶(ADAMTS`-7)、TNF`-α在腰椎間盤退行性疾病中表達量隨著退變程度的加重而增加。NIKOLAOU等[29]研究顯示,椎間盤退變程度的增加與人椎間盤細胞中核蛋白和胞質(zhì)蛋白糖基化修飾的增加有關(guān)。JOHNSON等[30]研究結(jié)果顯示,在人類退變的椎間盤組織中,水通道蛋白1和水通道蛋白5的反應(yīng)較靈敏,低氧誘導(dǎo)因子`-1α在髓核細胞中可以維持水通道蛋白的表達,在退行性變過程中,低氧誘導(dǎo)因子`-1α活性降低可能抑制髓核細胞中水通道蛋白的水平,損害其對細胞外滲透壓變化的反應(yīng)能力。WANG等[31]研究結(jié)果顯示,椎間盤退變病人髓核細胞中的miR`-154表達升高,抑制miR`-154可增加Ⅱ型膠原纖維和聚集蛋白聚糖表達,金屬蛋白酶`-13和蛋白聚糖酶`-1表達下調(diào);而過表達的miR`-154可以逆轉(zhuǎn)髓核細胞的這種效應(yīng),推動椎間盤退變的進展,miR`-154可能為椎間盤退變的治療靶點。但是HSPA8與椎間盤退變關(guān)系的研究不多,本文主要研究了HSPA8與腰椎間盤髓核組織退變程度的關(guān)系,結(jié)果顯示HSPA8表達量隨著椎間盤退變程度的加重而降低,可能為腰椎間盤退變疾病術(shù)前診斷及治療提供新的方向。

綜上所述,HSPA8在髓核組織中表達,且隨著腰椎間盤退變程度的加重表達逐漸降低,HSPA8可能成為腰椎間盤退變嚴(yán)重程度的生物學(xué)檢測指標(biāo)之一。但是,在腰椎間盤退變過程中,究竟是通過哪條信號通路調(diào)節(jié)HSPA8的表達,有待進一步研究。

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