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七氟醚復(fù)合麻醉、異丙酚復(fù)合麻醉對(duì)婦科腹腔鏡手術(shù)患者腦氧飽和度的影響

2019-08-15 02:45安寧董文理王偉
關(guān)鍵詞:異丙酚七氟醚

安寧 董文理 王偉

【摘要】 目的:探討七氟醚復(fù)合麻醉、異丙酚復(fù)合麻醉對(duì)婦科腹腔鏡手術(shù)患者腦氧飽和度的影響。方法:選擇2014年12月-2016年6月在本院接受腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療的128例婦科疾病患者,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為試驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組,試驗(yàn)組采取七氟醚復(fù)合麻醉,對(duì)照組采取異丙酚復(fù)合麻醉,比較兩組患者不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)的rSO2值、rSO2的變化及血液流動(dòng)學(xué)指標(biāo)。結(jié)果:兩組患者T2~T6各時(shí)間點(diǎn)的rSO2值較手術(shù)前均出現(xiàn)明顯降低,組內(nèi)比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);試驗(yàn)組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)的rSO2值均高于對(duì)照組,但兩組比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。試驗(yàn)組rSO2≤45%率、rSO2≤45%總持續(xù)時(shí)間、rSO2≤45%最長(zhǎng)持續(xù)時(shí)間、rSO2≤45%整合值均顯著小于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。兩組患者經(jīng)不同麻醉劑誘導(dǎo)后,相對(duì)于T1,試驗(yàn)組在T2、T3時(shí)SBP、HR、MAP指標(biāo)均下降微小,比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);而對(duì)照組T2后HR、MAP均顯著下降,T3時(shí)迅速回升,T4后又逐漸回降,不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);試驗(yàn)組T3、T4、T5、T6、T7后的SBP、HR和MAP均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);而SpO2在整個(gè)手術(shù)過(guò)程中均無(wú)顯著變化,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:在婦科腹腔鏡手術(shù)中,異丙酚復(fù)合麻醉能夠引起rSO2較大程度降低,而七氟醚復(fù)合麻醉使rSO2下降程度較小,有利于術(shù)中腦氧供需平衡,且對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)、心率影響較小,麻醉維持更穩(wěn)定。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 七氟醚; 異丙酚; 復(fù)合麻醉; 婦科腹腔鏡手術(shù); 腦氧飽和度

【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the effects of Sevoflurane combined anesthesia and Propofol anesthesia on cerebral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.Method:A total of 128 patients with gynecological diseases who underwent laparoscopic surgery in our hospital from December 2014 to June 2016 were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group was treated with Sevoflurane anesthesia,the control group was treated with Propofol combined anesthesia.The rSO2 value,rSO2 changes and hemodynamics indexes were compared between two groups at different time points.Result:The rSO2 values of T2-T6 at each time point were significantly lower than those of before operation,the differences between two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).The rSO2 values of the experimental group were higher than those of the control group at each time point,however there were no significant differences between two groups(P>0.05).The experimental group rSO2≤45% rate,rSO2≤45% total duration,rSO2≤45% longest duration,rSO2≤45% integrated value were significantly smaller than those of the control group(P<0.05).After induction by different anesthetics,the SBP,HR and MAP indexes of T1 and T3 decreased slightly in the experimental group compared with T1,there were no significant differences between two groups(P>0.05).However,in the control group,HR and MAP were significantly decreased after T2,rapidly increased after T3,and then gradually decreased after T4,with statistically significant differences at different time points(P<0.05).After T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,the SBP,HR and MAP of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant change in SpO2 during the whole operation(P>0.05).Conclusion:In gynecological laparoscopic surgery,Propofol combined anesthesia can cause a large decrease in rSO2,while Sevoflurane combined anesthesia reduces the degree of rSO2,which is beneficial to the balance of intraoperative cerebral oxygen supply and demand,and hemodynamics,the heart rate is less affected and the anesthesia is maintained more stable.

3 討論

近年來(lái),婦科疾病的發(fā)病率逐年升高,對(duì)于異位妊娠、子宮肌瘤等婦科疾病仍以手術(shù)治療為主。腹腔鏡因具有痛苦小、創(chuàng)傷小、恢復(fù)快等優(yōu)點(diǎn)受到患者及臨床工作者的青睞。腹腔鏡術(shù)需要提供CO2人工氣腹,但其會(huì)引起患者應(yīng)激血流動(dòng)力學(xué)指標(biāo)的改變。CO2人工氣腹建立后使患者腹內(nèi)壓升高、膈肌上抬、運(yùn)動(dòng)受限,合并體位變化,引起腹內(nèi)臟器和下腔靜脈的血液回心增加,造成心臟前負(fù)荷增大,是血液回流受到一定的阻礙,心回流血減少使心輸出量降低[2]。腹內(nèi)壓的升高及CO2能夠刺激兒茶酚胺、血管加壓素分泌增多,造成外周血管阻力增加[3]。有研究指出,CO2人工氣腹可導(dǎo)致心功能指數(shù)減少約50%,心排血量降低10%~30%[4]。加之手術(shù)過(guò)程中患者受到腹膜快速碰撞、手術(shù)牽拉內(nèi)臟等刺激,可引起反應(yīng)性交感神經(jīng)刺激而導(dǎo)致心動(dòng)過(guò)緩甚至停搏。

異丙酚為快速短效靜脈全身麻醉藥物,具有起效快、效能強(qiáng)的優(yōu)勢(shì),但對(duì)循環(huán)會(huì)有一定的抑制作用,且有惡心、嘔吐、興奮等不良反應(yīng)[5]。七氟醚具有特異的芳香氣味,對(duì)患者的呼吸道刺激較小,且血?dú)夥峙湎禂?shù)較低(0.65),可在體內(nèi)快速分布,能夠很好地誘導(dǎo)麻醉,尤其是在供血充足的腦組織,可在極短時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)揮藥效,血流動(dòng)力學(xué)穩(wěn)定,而且能夠維持較穩(wěn)定的麻醉狀態(tài),可以靈活地調(diào)整麻醉深度,具有較快的清醒速度[6-7]。有研究指出,rSO2降低與術(shù)后認(rèn)知功能障礙密切相關(guān),術(shù)中持續(xù)對(duì)rSO2進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),可對(duì)重型顱腦損傷后腦氧代謝的變化規(guī)律準(zhǔn)確反應(yīng);若將rSO2低于基礎(chǔ)值的20%作為逆轉(zhuǎn)干預(yù)的閾值,可顯著降低腎衰竭和神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率,并且縮短在重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室的停留時(shí)間及總住院時(shí)間[8-9]。維持rSO2>45%,能夠降低術(shù)后認(rèn)知功能缺損的發(fā)生率[10-11]。因此,將rSO2作為一種連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)的手段,在麻醉手術(shù)中有著重要的指導(dǎo)意義。在本次研究中,兩組患者T2~T6各時(shí)間點(diǎn)的rSO2值較手術(shù)前均出現(xiàn)明顯降低;雖然試驗(yàn)組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)的rSO2值均高于對(duì)照組,但兩組比較差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。試驗(yàn)組rSO2≤45%率、rSO2≤45%總持續(xù)時(shí)間、rSO2≤45%最長(zhǎng)持續(xù)時(shí)間、rSO2≤45%整合值均顯著小于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),七氟醚符合瑞芬太尼靜吸復(fù)合麻醉更有利于改善腦氧供需平衡,且對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)影響較小[12-13]。有研究指出,在七氟醚或異丙酚聯(lián)合瑞芬太尼對(duì)腦氧飽和度的影響中,七氟醚組腦氧飽和度高于異丙酚組,其腦血流量與腦氧代謝率的比值明顯高于異丙酚組[14-17]。在本次研究中,試驗(yàn)組T3、T4、T5、T6、T7后SBP、HR和MAP均低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示七氟醚對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)、心率的影響較小,麻醉誘導(dǎo)更快,維持更穩(wěn)定。

綜上所述,在婦科腹腔鏡手術(shù)中,異丙酚復(fù)合麻醉能夠引起rSO2較大程度降低,而七氟醚復(fù)合麻醉使rSO2下降程度較小,有利于術(shù)中腦氧供需平衡,并且對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)、心率影響較小,麻醉維持更穩(wěn)定。

參考文獻(xiàn)

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(收稿日期:2018-12-06) (本文編輯:程旭然)

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