張安軍
【摘要】目的:探討右美托咪定對(duì)于瑞芬太尼麻醉痛覺(jué)過(guò)敏的影響。方法:選擇我院接受治療的50例腹腔手術(shù)患者作為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)分組法將其分為對(duì)照組和實(shí)驗(yàn)組,每組患者有25例,其中實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者接受麻醉誘導(dǎo)后分別實(shí)施右美托咪定,對(duì)照組患者則接受等量生理鹽水,兩組患者都接受瑞芬太尼并吸入七氟醚實(shí)現(xiàn)麻醉維持,控制BIS值在40到60之間。患者手術(shù)之后都接受芬太尼PCIA以,并且在PACU進(jìn)行2h觀察,對(duì)患者術(shù)后VAS評(píng)分和鎮(zhèn)痛泵按壓次數(shù)以及芬太尼用量進(jìn)行記錄和觀察。結(jié)果:實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者和對(duì)照組患者相比較PACU后首次VAS評(píng)分超過(guò)4分的VAS評(píng)分明顯減少,PACU時(shí)PCIA用量明顯減少,術(shù)后24h、48hPCIA泵按壓次數(shù)明顯較少。兩組患者總體差異較為明顯(P<005),具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論:術(shù)中靜注右美托咪定能夠在一定程度減少患者術(shù)后出現(xiàn)的疼痛感,避免不必要的藥物劑量,還能夠減少瑞芬太尼導(dǎo)致的患者出現(xiàn)的痛覺(jué)過(guò)敏問(wèn)題,并且不會(huì)對(duì)患者麻醉蘇醒質(zhì)量造成影響,值得在臨床手術(shù)中使用和推廣。
【關(guān)鍵詞】右美托定;瑞芬太尼;痛覺(jué)過(guò)敏
【中圖分類號(hào)】R249
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼】A
【文章編號(hào)】
1005-0019(2019)16-008-01
Evaluation of the effect of dexmedetomidine on anorexia allergy in remifentanil
Zhang Anjun
(Rizhao City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rizhao City, Shandong 276800)
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of dexmedetomidine on hyperalgesia in remifentanil. Methods: Fifty patients with abdominal surgery who underwent treatment in our hospital were enrolled in the study. They were divided into control group and experimental group according to randomization method. There were 25 patients in each group, and the experimental group received right anesthesia after induction. Tomididine, the control group received the same amount of normal saline, both groups received remifentanil and inhaled sevoflurane for anesthesia maintenance, control BIS values between 40 and 60 Patients underwent fentanyl PCIA after surgery and were observed in the PACU for 2 hours. The postoperative VAS score and the number of analgesic pump presses and the amount of fentanyl were recorded and observed. Results: Compared with the control group, the VAS score of the first VAS score of more than 4 points after PACU was significantly reduced. The amount of PCIA was significantly decreased in PACU, and the number of PCIA pump presses was significantly less at 24h and 48h after operation. The overall difference between the two groups was more significant (P<005), which was statistically significant. Conclusion: Intraoperative intravenous dexmedetomidine can fundamentally relieve postoperative pain, reduce the amount of postoperative analgesic drugs, and reduce the hyperalgesia induced by remifentanil, and will not anesthetize patients. Awakening quality has an impact and is worthy of use and promotion in clinical surgery.
Key words:
dexmedodine; remifentanil; hyperalgesia
瑞芬太尼作為持續(xù)無(wú)積蓄、恢復(fù)時(shí)間短、起效相對(duì)較快的阿片類藥物,患者在使用之后可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)程度不一的痛覺(jué)過(guò)敏現(xiàn)象,而右美托咪定則屬于高效、高選擇性的腎上腺素受體激動(dòng)藥,除了能夠發(fā)揮出鎮(zhèn)靜、抗焦慮等功效之外,還具有顯著的鎮(zhèn)痛療效,當(dāng)前該種藥物一般應(yīng)用在維持麻醉中,但是,是否能夠從根本上減少患者術(shù)后的疼痛感還不知曉[1]。為了進(jìn)一步探討右美托咪定對(duì)于瑞芬太尼麻醉痛覺(jué)過(guò)敏的影響,現(xiàn)選擇我院接受治療的50例腹腔手術(shù)患者作為研究對(duì)象,并將其總結(jié)報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
11一般資料
本文50例患者是來(lái)我院接受腹腔手術(shù)治療,其中男性和女性分別有31例和19例,患者年齡分布在20到56歲之間,平均年齡為(35±15)歲,患者不存在任何精神疾病,在肺、腎、肝功能檢查中未出現(xiàn)異常,不存在任何藥物不良反應(yīng),患者在術(shù)前2d內(nèi)未使用鎮(zhèn)痛藥物,根據(jù)患者先后順序?qū)⑵浞譃閷?duì)照組(25例)和實(shí)驗(yàn)組(25例),兩組患者在性別、年齡和臨床癥狀比較上不存在差異(P>005),具有研究意義。
12方法
患者均未接受任何術(shù)前藥,控制禁食時(shí)間為8h,患者入室之后接受HR和BP等指標(biāo)常規(guī)監(jiān)測(cè),而且,對(duì)其實(shí)施麻醉誘導(dǎo),藥物選擇丙泊酚,藥物劑量的選擇以2mg/kg為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)患者進(jìn)行麻醉誘導(dǎo),其中實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者接收右美托咪定藥物,控制劑量為05μg/kg-1h-1,對(duì)照組患者接受等量生理鹽水[2]。當(dāng)患者BIS值維持在40到60,心動(dòng)過(guò)緩或者持續(xù)低血壓時(shí)則分別對(duì)其實(shí)施麻黃堿和阿托品,患者在手術(shù)治療結(jié)束前的10分鐘停止使用七氟醚,外科醫(yī)生縫合結(jié)束之后停止使用瑞芬太尼、右美托咪定以及生理鹽水。術(shù)后均使用新斯的明藥物,而且使用阿托品002mg/kg,患者對(duì)醫(yī)師口令出現(xiàn)反應(yīng),RR超過(guò)12次/min時(shí)拔管[3]。
13統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
本文患者所有資料和數(shù)據(jù)使用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件(SPSS200)處理,均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示計(jì)量資料,并實(shí)施X2檢驗(yàn)和t檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)P<005表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者和對(duì)照組患者相比較PACU后首次VAS評(píng)分超過(guò)4分的VAS評(píng)分明顯減少,PACU時(shí)PCIA用量明顯減少,術(shù)后24h、48hPCIA泵按壓次數(shù)明顯較少。兩組患者總體差異較為明顯(P<005),具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
3討論
接受開腹手術(shù)治療的患者選擇阿片類藥物治療,會(huì)導(dǎo)致患者降低各種疼痛感,但是,患者在術(shù)后疼痛會(huì)增加,這時(shí)候?qū)ζ鋵?shí)施正鎮(zhèn)痛藥物,其也稱之為阿片誘導(dǎo)麻醉過(guò)敏。瑞芬太尼誘發(fā)患者出現(xiàn)痛覺(jué)過(guò)敏可能是該種藥物主要表現(xiàn)鎮(zhèn)痛效果短暫,會(huì)直接激活阿片類受體,控制其敏感半衰期的時(shí)間為300s,終末半衰期時(shí)間為600s,其快速代謝能夠讓停止輸注瑞芬太尼后鎮(zhèn)痛作用消退更加明顯,從而容易出現(xiàn)明顯的急性耐受問(wèn)題;其次,患者手術(shù)時(shí)間逐漸延長(zhǎng),特別是針對(duì)瑞芬太尼用量較大的現(xiàn)象,其發(fā)生率增加?;颊逳MDA受體在其脊髓水平傷害性信息傳遞、維持在高濃度的阿片類誘發(fā)痛覺(jué)過(guò)敏會(huì)產(chǎn)生顯著的作用;最后,對(duì)患者進(jìn)行多次阿片類藥物會(huì)增加其中樞內(nèi)源性神經(jīng)肽[3]。
右美托咪定藥物所具有的鎮(zhèn)痛作用最初表現(xiàn)為外周神經(jīng)突觸前a2腎上腺能受體減少患者腎上腺素的實(shí)際釋放,調(diào)節(jié)外周疼痛信息傳遞;再者,通過(guò)作用在脊髓后角突觸前,更好地抑制疼痛信號(hào)傳遞腦部,讓鎮(zhèn)痛效果更加明顯。
總的來(lái)說(shuō),患者在腹腔手術(shù)中接受右美托咪定靜脈滴注,能夠在一定程度上減少其疼痛感,避免不必要的藥物劑量使用,還能夠削弱患者瑞芬太尼導(dǎo)致的痛覺(jué)過(guò)敏幾率,不會(huì)對(duì)患者麻醉蘇醒質(zhì)量造成影響,值得在臨床手術(shù)中使用和推廣。
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