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清熱祛毒方熏洗促進(jìn)肛周膿腫一次性根治術(shù)后創(chuàng)面愈合臨床研究

2019-06-30 02:00吉哲羌艷
關(guān)鍵詞:肛周膿腫中藥熏洗

吉哲 羌艷

摘要:目的? 觀察清熱祛毒方熏洗促進(jìn)肛周膿腫患者一次性根治術(shù)后創(chuàng)面愈合的臨床療效。方法? 采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將70例患者隨機(jī)分為觀察組和對(duì)照組各35例。對(duì)照組予高錳酸鉀坐浴及百克瑞殺菌紗布填塞創(chuàng)面,觀察組予清熱祛毒方熏洗及百克瑞殺菌紗布填塞創(chuàng)面,均每日2次,連續(xù)治療25 d。觀察2組臨床療效,比較2組創(chuàng)面腐肉脫落時(shí)間、新生上皮出現(xiàn)時(shí)間、創(chuàng)口愈合時(shí)間、膿腫復(fù)發(fā)率及肛周濕疹、切口感染、肛瘺發(fā)生率;比較2組術(shù)后1、7、25 d臨床癥狀及體征評(píng)分,術(shù)前及術(shù)后7、25 d肛門直腸壓力。結(jié)果? 觀察組總有效率為97.1%(34/35),對(duì)照組為82.8%(29/35),2組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組創(chuàng)面腐肉脫落時(shí)間、新生上皮出現(xiàn)時(shí)間、創(chuàng)口愈合時(shí)間短于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。與本組術(shù)后1 d比較,2組術(shù)后7、25 d創(chuàng)面分泌物、創(chuàng)面肉芽形態(tài)、創(chuàng)面周圍組織水腫、術(shù)后換藥疼痛及肛門功能評(píng)分明顯降低(P<0.05);2組術(shù)后同一時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,觀察組上述積分明顯低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。與本組術(shù)前比較,2組術(shù)后7、25 d肛門直腸壓力(肛管最大收縮壓、肛管靜息壓、直腸最大耐受閾值)明顯降低(P<0.05);2組術(shù)后25 d比較,觀察組肛門直腸壓力明顯高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。2組膿腫復(fù)發(fā)率及肛瘺、切口感染、肛周濕疹發(fā)生率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論? 清熱祛毒方熏洗較高錳酸鉀坐浴能更有效緩解肛周膿腫患者一次性根治術(shù)后疼痛,提高肛門直腸壓力,縮短創(chuàng)面愈合時(shí)間。

關(guān)鍵詞:肛周膿腫;一次性根治術(shù);肛門直腸壓力;中藥熏洗

中圖分類號(hào):R269.571??? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A??? 文章編號(hào):1005-5304(2019)06-0028-05

Abstract: Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of fumigation and washing with Qingre Qudu Prescription for promoting wound healing after one-time radical operation in patients with perianal abscess. Methods Totally 70 patients with perianal abscess after one-time radical operation were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 35 patients in each group. The control group was treated with potassium permanganate hip bath and bactericidal gauze to fill the wound. The observation group was fumigated with Qingre Qudu Prescription and then filled with bactericidal gauze, twice a day, for 25 d. The clinical efficacy of both groups was observed. The time of putrefaction, the time of neoepithelial formation, the time of wound healing, the recurrence rate of abscess, perianal eczema, incision infection and anal fistula in both groups were compared. The clinical symptoms and signs of both groups after 1, 7 and 25 days of operation were compared. Anorectal pressure was measured before operation, 7 and 25 days after operation. Results The total effective rate was 97.1% (34/35) in the observation group and 82.8% (29/35) in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The time of putrefaction, the time of neoepithelial formation, the time of wound healing of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with 1 day after operation, the wound secretion, granulation morphology of the wound, tissue edema around the wound, postoperative dressing pain and anal function score on 7 and 25 d after operation were significantly lower in both groups (P<0.05). The above scores of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the before operation, the anorectal pressure (maximal systolic pressure of anal canal, resting pressure of anal canal, maximal tolerance threshold of rectum) significantly decreased on 7 and 25 d after operation in both groups (P<0.05). 25 d after operation, the anorectal pressure in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the recurrence rate, anal fistula, wound infection and perianal eczema between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with potassium permanganate bath, Qingre Qudu Prescription can effectively relieve the pain of patients with perianal abscess after one-time radical resection, improve anorectal pressure and shorten wound healing time.

Keywords: perianal abscess; one-time radical operation; anorectal pressure; TCM fumigation and washing

肛周膿腫又稱肛管直腸周圍膿腫,由于肛門周圍皮膚病、痔瘡等感染性因素所致,發(fā)病位置多為肛管、肛門、直腸間隙及直腸周圍。感染入口為肛竇,也屬于膿腫與成瘺后的內(nèi)口,肛腺發(fā)生感染后再向其他部位蔓延。目前,手術(shù)治療是該病唯一快速有效的方法,一次性根治術(shù)是臨床上的新型術(shù)式,與傳統(tǒng)切開引流手術(shù)相比能更徹底地排凈膿液,加快傷口愈合,提高手術(shù)效果[1-2]。但由于術(shù)中造成創(chuàng)傷、滲出液增多、創(chuàng)面感染及創(chuàng)口愈合緩慢等,導(dǎo)致創(chuàng)面水腫,加劇切口疼痛,不利于創(chuàng)面愈合。有研究報(bào)道,術(shù)后進(jìn)行中藥熏蒸、坐浴等,有助于術(shù)后恢復(fù),預(yù)防肛瘺形成和復(fù)發(fā)[3-4]。筆者采用本院協(xié)定方清熱祛毒方對(duì)一次性根治術(shù)后肛周膿腫患者進(jìn)行熏洗,觀察其對(duì)患者術(shù)后創(chuàng)面愈合的作用,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1? 資料與方法

1.1? 一般資料

選擇2017年1-12月本院肛腸科肛周膿腫患者70例,按就診順序進(jìn)行編號(hào),利用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表分為治療組和對(duì)照組各35例。2組一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見表1。本研究經(jīng)本院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(2017-33)。

1.2? 西醫(yī)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

參照《結(jié)腸與直腸外科學(xué)(第5版)》[5]確定肛周膿腫診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。①病灶部位膚色偏紅,皮溫較其他正常部位高,肛門燒灼痛或跳痛,多位于肛提肌以下間隙;②觸診可觸及硬結(jié)或腫塊,或有明顯波動(dòng)感,觸痛明顯;③伴全身癥狀者出現(xiàn)寒戰(zhàn)、高熱、乏力、脈數(shù)等,血白細(xì)胞及中性粒細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)增多;④肛門鏡檢查可見肛隱窩局部充血,可有膿性分泌物。

1.3? 中醫(yī)辨證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

符合《中醫(yī)外科學(xué)(第九版)》[6]肛癰辨證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?;鸲緹胧⒆C:肛周腫痛劇烈,持續(xù)數(shù)日,痛如雞啄,難以入寐;肛周紅腫,按之有波動(dòng)感或穿刺有膿;伴惡寒發(fā)熱,口干便秘,小便困難;舌紅,苔黃,脈弦滑。熱毒蘊(yùn)結(jié)證:肛門周圍突然腫痛,持續(xù)加劇,肛周紅腫、觸痛明顯、質(zhì)硬、皮膚焮熱;伴有惡寒、發(fā)熱、便秘、溲赤;舌質(zhì)紅,苔薄黃,脈數(shù)。

1.4? 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

①符合上述西醫(yī)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及中醫(yī)辨證標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②均為首發(fā)低位肛周膿腫,并行一次性根治術(shù);③年齡≥18歲;④患者對(duì)本研究知情,依從性良好。

1.5? 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

①?gòu)?fù)發(fā)性肛周膿腫、累及多個(gè)間隙的復(fù)雜性膿腫;②結(jié)直腸腫瘤、克羅恩病相關(guān)肛周膿腫;③合并痔、肛竇炎、肛裂、肛周濕疹、直腸息肉等其他肛門直腸疾病;④既往有肛腸手術(shù)史并伴肛門功能異常;⑤妊娠或哺乳期婦女;⑥精神疾病、溝通障礙及依從性差者。

1.6 ?治療方法

2組均采用一次性切開根治術(shù),術(shù)后當(dāng)日起予敏感抗生素常規(guī)劑量靜脈滴注,連續(xù)7 d。

對(duì)照組每日排空大便清洗傷口后,采用1∶5000高錳酸鉀坐浴15 min,坐浴后以生理鹽水沖洗創(chuàng)腔,0.5%碘伏棉球消毒,百克瑞殺菌紗布填塞創(chuàng)面換藥,每日早晚各1次,連續(xù)治療25 d。

觀察組予清熱祛毒方。藥物組成:金銀花30 g,蒲公英20 g,黃芩 30 g,黃連20 g,黃柏20 g,白芷15 g,防風(fēng)15 g,水牛角(先煎)20 g,乳香15 g,沒藥15 g,當(dāng)歸15 g,苦參20 g,百部15 g,甘草15 g。水煎30 min,先以藥液蒸氣熏蒸患部15 min,待溫度可耐受時(shí),坐浴20 min。坐浴后以生理鹽水沖洗創(chuàng)腔,0.5%碘伏棉球消毒,填以百克瑞殺菌紗布,每日早晚各1次,連續(xù)治療25 d。

1.7? 療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

參照《中醫(yī)病證診斷療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》[7]制定療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。治愈:臨床癥狀和體征完全消失,創(chuàng)口愈合良好;好轉(zhuǎn):臨床癥狀和體征有所減輕,創(chuàng)口縮小;未愈:臨床癥狀和體征均無變化??傆行剩?)=(治愈例數(shù)+好轉(zhuǎn)例數(shù))÷總例數(shù)×100%。

1.8? 觀察指標(biāo)

1.8.1? 創(chuàng)口恢復(fù)時(shí)間

記錄2組患者創(chuàng)面腐肉脫落時(shí)間、新生上皮出現(xiàn)時(shí)間及創(chuàng)口愈合時(shí)間。

1.8.2? 癥狀及體征評(píng)分

于術(shù)后1、7、25 d,參照文獻(xiàn)[8]記錄2組臨床癥狀及體征,并進(jìn)行下列評(píng)分。

參考《盆底與肛門病學(xué)》[9]進(jìn)行創(chuàng)面分泌物評(píng)分。0分:無;1分:有分泌物,但未滲透1塊紗布;2分:分泌物滲透1塊紗布但未達(dá)到第2塊;3分:分泌物滲透2塊紗布及以上。

參考《盆底與肛門病學(xué)》[9]進(jìn)行創(chuàng)面肉芽形態(tài)評(píng)分。0分:肉芽色澤紅潤(rùn);1分:肉芽色澤略微偏白;2分:肉芽色澤蒼白;3分:肉芽局部糜爛、壞死。

參考《外科手術(shù)學(xué)》[10]進(jìn)行創(chuàng)面周圍組織水腫評(píng)分。0分:無;1分:水腫距手術(shù)切緣<0.5 cm,高出皮膚<0.5 cm;2分:水腫高出皮膚1.0 cm以下,距離手術(shù)切緣0.5~1.0 cm;3分:水腫高出皮膚≥1.0 cm,距手術(shù)切緣>1.0 cm。

參考文獻(xiàn)[11],采用數(shù)字疼痛強(qiáng)度量表(NRS)對(duì)術(shù)后換藥疼痛進(jìn)行評(píng)分。0分表示無疼痛,10分表示劇烈疼痛。

參考肛門失禁Wexner評(píng)分系統(tǒng)[12]進(jìn)行肛門功能評(píng)分。從大便固定、液體、氣體、衛(wèi)生護(hù)墊使用、生活方式改變5個(gè)方面進(jìn)行評(píng)定。0分為正常,20分為完全失禁,評(píng)分越高表示肛門功能越差。

1.8.3? 肛門直腸壓力

參考文獻(xiàn)[13],于術(shù)前及術(shù)后7、25 d采用ZGJ-D3型肛腸壓力檢測(cè)儀(長(zhǎng)沙騰健醫(yī)療器械有限公司)對(duì)肛門直腸進(jìn)行壓力測(cè)定,包括肛管靜息壓、肛管最大收縮壓、直腸最大耐受閾值。

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