摘 要：短文改錯(cuò)是孩子們最發(fā)愁的題目，也是得分率低的一個(gè)題目。如何在做短文改錯(cuò)時(shí)多拿些分，這是本文筆者要和大家探討的一個(gè)問題。

關(guān)鍵詞：短文改錯(cuò);格式;動(dòng)詞

一、 孩子們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)存在各種問題。概括起來(lái)有這么幾點(diǎn)：

1. 格式不正確。這個(gè)很重要，老師們一定要反復(fù)查看，落實(shí)到個(gè)人。不能說“我說了好多遍你怎么還不會(huì)？”這其中還包括孩子們的僥幸心理，有時(shí)改動(dòng)十一二處，這反而會(huì)弄巧成拙，有把握的題算不上分。有關(guān)格式，老師們都知道，在此不再贅述。

2. 字跡要清楚，卷面要整齊。不要反復(fù)涂改。

3. 拼寫要正確，嚴(yán)格講知識(shí)不存在界限，不能說這是你初中知識(shí)，不歸我管，實(shí)際上，教書者，你哪兒不會(huì)我就教你哪兒。所以筆者課上也強(qiáng)調(diào)如何變過去式，如何變進(jìn)行時(shí)。點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴要落到實(shí)處。

4. 再就是時(shí)間分配不合理，在改錯(cuò)上糾結(jié)的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)，越是找不到越要找，浪費(fèi)了太多時(shí)間而收效甚微。

5. 其實(shí)孩子們存在的最大問題是找不到錯(cuò)誤，甚至有孩子說人家寫的比我好多了，我的錯(cuò)誤更多。讓人哭笑不得。

二、 下面筆者根據(jù)多年的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，總結(jié)出來(lái)一些短文改錯(cuò)常見考點(diǎn)供大家商討，多提寶貴意見。

（一） 動(dòng)詞

請(qǐng)看下面一些例句

1）I win a national prize for painting last week. 2）I got a letter that said that I had been admitting to a college. 3）One day， while my friend and I was traveling through Germany... 4）I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future. 5）I am very excited to have accepted an e-mail from you.（too...to）

我們從例句中可以看到：

* （例1和例2）動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)幾乎是必考的。

inform這個(gè)詞通常都是被動(dòng)形式

* 例3 主謂一致的問題。這其中要注意這幾個(gè)重點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)

as well as/with/along with/together with/rather than/including/like/such as/but， except/besides）——就遠(yuǎn)原則or/either...or/neither...nor/there be——就近原則

* 例4 短語(yǔ)中to后面用原形還是doing的問題

in order to/so as to/be supposed to/be expected to 后用動(dòng)詞原形。其他帶to的短語(yǔ)后一般都用doing

（二） 名詞

1）I found most lesson rather uninteresting. 2）Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. 3）The play tells humorous stories that happen in Mr. Green family.

我們看到名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)以及所有格也是考察較多的，注意下面的特殊名詞

* fun/progress/典型代表

* /equipment/advice/furniture/cash/

* suggestions/thanks/congratulations/instructions/clouds

（三） 冠詞

1）I had a interesting dream last night. 2）One day， our school held party. 3）Im glad you have made such a great progress that ....

冠詞也幾乎必考。

* a/an的問題多關(guān)注下面幾個(gè)詞honest/honor/hour;usual/unusual

* 幾個(gè)句型要牢記 It is a great pity that/It is a great pleasure that/have a good knowledge of/cover an area of/a success/a failure/a surprise

* lost in thought/lose heart/underconstruction/out of danger/in danger

* hit sb. On the head/be paid by the hour

* in（the）charge of/go to（the）church/be in（the）prison/be ill in（the）bed

of an age/of the same age

（四） 形容詞和副詞

1）They are cheap and they really taste well. 2）We can hear birds singing happy all around. 3）A helping hand is always stronger enough to lift you up. 4）Both the diet and the exercise will help me to lose weight and feel more better. 5）Haring the news， he felt disappointing. 6）They went hone， tired and hungrily.

形容詞和副詞是永恒的考題

* taste/look/sound/feel/smell/remain/get/become/seem/appear/grow/turn/+adj（stay awake/fall ill/fall asleep）

* see/notice/observe/hear/watch/等感官動(dòng)詞考察賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生，就用doing如例2如果賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束或者看到或聽到了全過程則用省to的不定式。如果賓語(yǔ)和它的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用done.

* 形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)也是必考項(xiàng)目

要注意比較級(jí)前程度副詞的正確運(yùn)用Much/far/a lot/even/a little/a bit+比較級(jí)。還要注意句型如 more and more beautiful/richer and richer/The higher you stand， the further you will see./I cant agree more/It couldnt better.

* ing和ed的轉(zhuǎn)換是形容詞的考點(diǎn)最愛。

* 例6 形容詞做狀語(yǔ)的情況也要介紹給學(xué)生。

* 句首的副詞修飾后面整句話

（五） 連詞

1）Im trying to improve the situation and it doesnt seem to work. 2）I became very active but made new friends. 3）Because you have visited Greece several times， so Id like to know...

連詞的考察重點(diǎn)大家都知道

* and/but/so/therefore/however等之間的互相轉(zhuǎn)換

* 固定搭配 whether...or/either...or/neither...nor/not ...but/not only...but also/be about to do...when/was（were）doing...when/had done...when/be busy doing...when/.be at the point of doing...when/hardly...when/no sooner...than 等

* 不連用問題 because/so;although/but;return/back;hear from/letter;enter/into

* 近義詞和反義詞的問題 three days later/after three days/three days ago/

* and前后形態(tài)一致的問題

* 形似但意義不同的詞和短語(yǔ)besidebesides; passpast/beused to doing/used to do/be used to do/

以上為筆者提供的一些個(gè)人總結(jié)，歡迎同仁們補(bǔ)充和指正

參考文獻(xiàn)：

[1]赫艷馨.英語(yǔ)“短文改錯(cuò)”面面觀[J].瘋狂英語(yǔ)（愛英語(yǔ)），2018（5）.

[2]梁世杰.短文改錯(cuò)解析[J].中學(xué)英語(yǔ)園地（高一版），2005（2）.

作者簡(jiǎn)介：

王俊梅，山西省太原市，山西省太原市陽(yáng)曲縣陽(yáng)曲一中。