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“V”形縫合在三點(diǎn)埋線重瞼術(shù)中的應(yīng)用

2019-03-25 08:22祁艷芳趙李平王明剛
中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué) 2019年3期
關(guān)鍵詞:縫線進(jìn)針結(jié)膜

祁艷芳 趙李平 王明剛

[摘要]目的:對(duì)埋線重瞼術(shù)進(jìn)行技術(shù)改良,減少術(shù)后線結(jié)外露、重瞼線變淺甚至消失等并發(fā)癥。方法:采用“V”形縫合,經(jīng)結(jié)膜入路貫穿上瞼全層,將皮下與瞼板縫合,縫合確切、增加粘連的范圍,使重瞼線對(duì)稱、不易脫落;打結(jié)后,雙線穿針,原針眼進(jìn)針,在眼輪匝肌中穿行3~5mm,出針并剪線。結(jié)果:用該術(shù)式對(duì)52例就醫(yī)者行重瞼術(shù),其中50例完成隨訪,隨訪時(shí)間3~24個(gè)月,平均11.2個(gè)月,48例對(duì)手術(shù)結(jié)果表示滿意,滿意率96.00%,2例不滿意。1例術(shù)后3個(gè)月上瞼腫脹,1例術(shù)后6個(gè)月右眼外側(cè)的1個(gè)線結(jié)發(fā)紅,對(duì)癥處理后改善。無(wú)其他嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。結(jié)論:“V”形縫合三點(diǎn)埋線重瞼術(shù)相較傳統(tǒng)的三點(diǎn)埋線重瞼術(shù),具有手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷小,縫合確切、重瞼線不易脫落等優(yōu)點(diǎn),降低了線結(jié)外露及結(jié)節(jié)形成的可能性。

[關(guān)鍵詞]“V”形縫合;雙線;線結(jié)外露;埋線法;重瞼術(shù);三點(diǎn)式;改良術(shù)式

[中圖分類號(hào)]R622? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2019)03-0041-03

Abstract: Objective? To improve three-point buried suture technique and reduce the complications after operation, such as the knot exposure and shallowness or even disappearance of the eyelid lines. Methods? The "V" shape suture was introduced in the new technique.It will run through the full layer of upper eyelid starting from conjunctiva which can suture subcutaneous tissue and tarsus more accurately with a wider area of connection. After knotting, double threads will be inserted into the needle. Then the needle will enter from the original pin pole and come out after running 3-5mm through orbicularis oculi muscle. Results? Out of the 52 cases who has taken the surgery in our hospital, 50 of them have been followed up for 3 to 24 months with an average of 11.2 months. 48 cases were satisfied with the results of the operation, with a satisfactory rate of 96.00%, and 2 cases were unsatisfactory. One case had upper eyelid swelling 3 months after operation, and one case had a red knot on the lateral side of the right eye 6 months after operation, which was improved after symptomatic treatment. No other serious complications occurred. Conclusion? According to our surgical results, the "V" shape suture in three-point buried suture blepharoplasty are superior to the traditional three-point buried suture technique. There is less surgical trauma and more accurate suture and the knot will not fall off easily which can reduce the possibility of knot exposure and nodule formation.

Key words: "V" shape suture; double threads; knot exposure; buried suture; blepharoplasty; three-point; improved operation

亞洲人中有30%~60%的人是單瞼或是不明顯的重瞼。然而大眾依然以自然流暢的重瞼線為美[1],所以重瞼術(shù)是目前最流行的整形外科手術(shù)之一。但傳統(tǒng)的埋線重瞼術(shù)易出現(xiàn)術(shù)后重瞼線變淺、消失、線結(jié)外露、感染等并發(fā)癥,本文主要針對(duì)埋線法的這些問(wèn)題,采用“V”形縫合的手術(shù)方式,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)埋線法進(jìn)行了一些技術(shù)改良來(lái)降低這些并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1? 資料和方法

1.1 臨床資料:選擇2014年7月-2015年11月于安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬省立醫(yī)院整形外科門(mén)診行埋線重瞼術(shù)的就醫(yī)者共52例,均為女性,年齡18~35歲,平均年齡23.5歲,均符合埋線重瞼術(shù)適應(yīng)證:無(wú)皮膚松弛、無(wú)上瞼下垂、無(wú)內(nèi)眥贅皮、眼瞼薄的年輕就醫(yī)者。術(shù)前告知就醫(yī)者術(shù)后可能出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥以及術(shù)中會(huì)拍攝手術(shù)步驟,僅用于臨床研究和學(xué)術(shù)交流,均表示理解并簽署手術(shù)知情同意書(shū)。

1.2 手術(shù)方法:所有就醫(yī)者手術(shù)由同一醫(yī)生完成。在局部浸潤(rùn)麻醉下行手術(shù)。局麻藥為2%利多卡因(含1/20 000的腎上腺素),兩側(cè)分別注入同等量局麻藥約1.2ml,手術(shù)縫線采用6-0雙針尼龍線。

1.2.1 術(shù)前設(shè)計(jì):術(shù)前與就醫(yī)者充分溝通,了解其要求,根據(jù)眼瞼厚度和上瞼板緣的移動(dòng)距離,設(shè)計(jì)上眼瞼寬度,一般取6~8ml。術(shù)前用亞甲藍(lán)標(biāo)出ABCDEF 6個(gè)點(diǎn),相鄰的兩點(diǎn)之間的距離是基本相等的,這6點(diǎn)是術(shù)中縫針進(jìn)出位置,用1條平滑的曲線將這六點(diǎn)連在一起,即為設(shè)計(jì)的上眼瞼折痕。見(jiàn)圖1。

1.2.2 術(shù)中操作:①在瞳孔中央正上方眼瞼處,用1根手術(shù)縫線將上眼瞼向上輕輕翻轉(zhuǎn)并固定,暴露出瞼結(jié)膜??p針從此瞼結(jié)膜處進(jìn)針,貫穿瞼板,然后從D點(diǎn)皮膚出針(D點(diǎn)為設(shè)計(jì)重瞼線的最高點(diǎn));②沿原針眼穿過(guò)瞼結(jié)膜處再次進(jìn)針,從C點(diǎn)皮膚出針,手術(shù)縫線呈“V”形;③縫針再次從C點(diǎn)進(jìn)針經(jīng)過(guò)皮下組織返回至D點(diǎn)出針;④將從D點(diǎn)穿出的兩根縫線打結(jié);⑤打結(jié)后,將尼龍線上的針剪掉,將剛才形成的兩根縫線穿在1個(gè)6×14圓針上;⑥再次沿D點(diǎn)打結(jié)處的原針眼進(jìn)針,在眼輪匝肌中穿行3~5mm后出針;⑦將皮膚外縫線和縫針一起剪掉,輕輕上提上眼瞼,縫線即全部埋于皮下;⑧同法完成余下2針。上瞼皮膚分層見(jiàn)圖2。具體術(shù)中操作步驟見(jiàn)圖3~10。典型病例術(shù)后即刻見(jiàn)圖11。

1.3 評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)

1.3.1 效果滿意度評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2]:滿意:患者術(shù)后重臉線自然對(duì)稱,無(wú)感染、腫脹不消的情況;基本滿意:術(shù)后2個(gè)月重瞼線弧度基本流暢,重瞼形態(tài)基本自然,兩側(cè)重瞼線有輕微不對(duì)稱;不滿意:術(shù)后雖形成重臉,但重瞼線不自然、不對(duì)稱或者術(shù)后出現(xiàn)腫脹時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、感染等情況。

1.3.2 術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況:術(shù)后隨訪觀察瞼板慢性炎癥、線結(jié)外露、重瞼線脫落、縫線肉芽腫、上眼瞼腫脹(術(shù)后1個(gè)月)、線結(jié)發(fā)紅等情況。

2? 結(jié)果

本組共52例就醫(yī)者,其中50例完成了隨訪,隨訪時(shí)間3~24個(gè)月,平均11.2個(gè)月,48例對(duì)手術(shù)結(jié)果表示滿意,滿意度為96.00%;2例不滿意。1例術(shù)后3個(gè)月上瞼腫脹,囑加強(qiáng)熱敷,1個(gè)月后隨訪,明顯改善;1例術(shù)后6個(gè)月右眼外側(cè)的1個(gè)線結(jié)發(fā)紅,給予紅霉素軟膏外涂1周后消退。無(wú)其他嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。典型病例見(jiàn)圖12~13。

3? 討論

傳統(tǒng)的重瞼成形術(shù)主要是切開(kāi)法、埋線法[3]。切開(kāi)法,適合范圍廣,對(duì)于上眼瞼皮膚松弛、上瞼下垂以及上瞼下垂合并上瞼松弛者均可以通過(guò)切開(kāi)法進(jìn)行同時(shí)矯正,而且形成的重瞼持久不易消失。但因?yàn)樾g(shù)后腫脹消除時(shí)間長(zhǎng),手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷大,且有明顯手術(shù)瘢痕,令很多就醫(yī)者不能接受。埋線法,一種微創(chuàng)的手術(shù)方法,自從Mikamo第一次描述埋線法以來(lái),埋線重瞼術(shù)因?yàn)槠浒踩?、?jiǎn)單和容易操作,受到廣泛認(rèn)可,而且其常常被認(rèn)為是一種具有可復(fù)性的手術(shù)方式,考慮到一些行重瞼術(shù)的就醫(yī)者草率地接受手術(shù),但事后又改變主意,想要恢復(fù)到原來(lái)的眼瞼形態(tài),這時(shí)埋線法因?yàn)榭梢灾苯尤コ中g(shù)所埋入的縫線,具有一定的靈活性[4],而受到推崇。所以說(shuō)現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越多的醫(yī)師致力于這種手術(shù)方式的改良[5-20]。但是埋線法也有其自身的缺陷,重瞼線脫落、重瞼形態(tài)消失為重瞼術(shù)后主要并發(fā)癥之一,造成這一并發(fā)癥的主要原因是上瞼提肌和眼輪匝肌及上瞼皮膚之間并未形成一個(gè)良好的附著關(guān)系[21],其次,兩側(cè)重瞼線的不對(duì)稱和手術(shù)線結(jié)的暴露問(wèn)題,也限制了埋線法的應(yīng)用,本文主要是針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的埋線法進(jìn)行以下三方面技術(shù)上的改良。

在傳統(tǒng)的埋線重瞼術(shù)中,術(shù)者是將手術(shù)線結(jié)直接埋藏于皮下,這樣做,一方面,術(shù)者對(duì)于線結(jié)長(zhǎng)度較難把握,當(dāng)線結(jié)長(zhǎng)度較短時(shí),線結(jié)易于松落,形成的重瞼線也容易消失。另一方面,當(dāng)線結(jié)長(zhǎng)度較長(zhǎng)時(shí),線結(jié)易于向外突出,易形成結(jié)節(jié)或肉芽腫。在本文介紹的術(shù)式中,術(shù)者將縫線打結(jié)后,雙線穿針,原針眼進(jìn)針,在眼輪匝肌中穿行3~5mm,再出針,剪線,這樣做可使線結(jié)被縫于眼輪匝肌中,相較于直接把線結(jié)埋于皮下,可使線結(jié)埋得更深,將明顯降低線結(jié)外露的幾率,同時(shí)也可避免線結(jié)被直接剪掉導(dǎo)致的線結(jié)松落和重瞼線消失這些問(wèn)題。

傳統(tǒng)的埋線法,是直接從上眼瞼皮膚處進(jìn)針掛住瞼板后出針,由于縫線掛住瞼板的操作是在盲視下進(jìn)行,對(duì)術(shù)者要求高,可能未充分掛住瞼板,或者兩側(cè)掛住瞼板的厚度不一致,前者會(huì)使形成的重瞼線易于變淺甚至脫落,而后者會(huì)導(dǎo)致形成的重瞼線兩側(cè)高度不一致,本次采用經(jīng)結(jié)膜入路的手術(shù)方式,使用“V”形縫合,經(jīng)結(jié)膜貫穿上瞼全層,將皮下與瞼板縫合,縫合確切、可增加粘連的范圍,兩側(cè)的高度也可以準(zhǔn)確把握,保持一致,可以有效地保證重瞼線的持久和重瞼線的對(duì)稱。

在縫線過(guò)程中,通過(guò)就醫(yī)者在術(shù)中睜眼、閉眼動(dòng)作來(lái)判斷縫線是否掛靠在瞼板上,并且使用的縫線為6-0尼龍線,避免在后期被組織吸收,減少了重瞼線再次脫落甚至消失。本次研究結(jié)果表明:“V”形縫合三點(diǎn)埋線重瞼術(shù)相較傳統(tǒng)的三點(diǎn)埋線重瞼術(shù),具有手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷小,縫合確切、重瞼線不易脫落等優(yōu)點(diǎn),降低了線結(jié)外露及結(jié)節(jié)形成的可能。

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[收稿日期]2018-08-15

本文引用格式:祁艷芳,趙李平,王明剛.“V”形縫合在三點(diǎn)埋線重瞼術(shù)中的應(yīng)用[J].中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué),2019,28(3):41-43.

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