邱堯 岳毅剛 邵家松
[摘要]目的:探索miR-199b對HaCaT細(xì)胞增殖、遷移及對VEGFA、JAG1、SET信號(hào)通路的影響。方法:轉(zhuǎn)染miR-199b上調(diào)與下調(diào)慢病毒到人永生化表皮細(xì)胞(HaCaT)。分為miR-199b上調(diào)(up)、miR-199b下調(diào)(dowm)、空載對照(NC組)三個(gè)組,進(jìn)行CCK8、凋亡、周期試驗(yàn),并采用RT-PCR技術(shù)檢測VEGFA、JAG1、SET基因的表達(dá),采用WB技術(shù)檢測miR-199b對下游蛋白變化(如VEGFA、JAG1等分子)的影響。結(jié)果:miR-199b up組OD450/fold值顯著高于NC組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)、miR-199b down組OD450/fold值略低于NC組,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。與NC組相比,G1期miR-199b up組與miR-199b down組的細(xì)胞增多(P<0.05);在S期,miR-199b up組及miR-199b down組的細(xì)胞減少(P<0.05);在G2/M期,miR-199b up組及miR-199b down組的細(xì)胞減少,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。與NC組比較,miR-199b up組凋亡細(xì)胞百分比下降(P<0.05)、miR-199b down組凋亡細(xì)胞百分比上升(P<0.05);SET在miR-199b up組的表達(dá)明顯低于NC組,在miR-199b down組表達(dá)明顯高于NC組。從定量PCR結(jié)果可以看出,HaCaT細(xì)胞中,miR-199b up組JAG1表達(dá)豐度略高于NC組,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),miR-199b down組JAG1表達(dá)豐度明顯高于NC組(P<0.05);miR-199b up組VEGFA表達(dá)豐度明顯低于NC組(P<0.05)、miR-199b down組VEGFA表達(dá)豐度明顯高于NC組(P<0.05);miR-199b up組SET表達(dá)豐度小于NC組(P>0.05)、miR-199b down組SET表達(dá)豐度明顯大于NC組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:miR-199b可抑制VEGF、JAG1、SET蛋白的表達(dá),為其靶基因,可促進(jìn)細(xì)胞的增殖,延長細(xì)胞周期,并抑制細(xì)胞凋亡。
[關(guān)鍵詞]微小RNA;增殖;凋亡;分化;信號(hào)通路;慢性創(chuàng)面
[中圖分類號(hào)]R329.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2019)01-0089-04
Study on the Role and Mechanism of miR-199b in Promoting Vascularization of Chronic Wound
QIU Yao,YUE Yi-gang,SHAO Jia-song,HUO Qun,ZHANG Min
(Department of Plastic Surgery,the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University,Guilin 541001,Guangxi,China)
Abstract: Objective To explore the effects of miR-199b on proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells, as well as VEGFA, JAG1 and SET signaling pathways. Methods Transfection of miR-199b mimics and inhibitor lentivirus into human immortalized epidermal cells HaCaT was performed. The study was divided into three groups: miR-199b up, miR-199b down and no-load control. CCK8, cycle and scratch test were conducted, and the expression of VEGFA, JAG1 and SET genes were detected by RT-PCR, and the downstream protein changes (such as VEGFA, JAG1 and other molecules) were detected by WB technology. Results The OD450/fold value of miR-199b up group was significantly higher than that of NC group (P<0.05). The OD450/fold value of miR-199b down group was slightly lower than that of NC group (P>0.05). In the G1 phase, cells in the miR-199b up and down group were increased compared to the control group (P<0.05). At the S stage, compared with the control group, the cells in the miR-199b up and down group were reduced (P>0.05). In the G2/M phase, compared with the control group, the cells in the miR-199b up and down group were reduced (P>0.05). Compared with the NC group, the percentage of apoptotic cells in the miR-199b up group decreased (P<0.05) and the percentage of apoptotic cells in the miR-199b down group increased (P<0.05). The expression of SET was significantly lower in the miR-199b up group than in the NC group, and significantly higher in the miR-199b down group than in the NC group. According to the quantitative PCR results, the expression abundance of JAG1 in the miR-199b up group was slightly higher than that in the NC group (P>0.05). The expression abundance of JAG1 in the miR-199b down group was significantly higher than that in the NC group (P<0.05). The expression abundance of VEGFA in the miR-199b up group was significantly lower than that in the NC group (P<0.05). The expression abundance of VEGFA in the miR-199b down group was significantly higher than that in the NC group (P<0.05). SET expression abundance of miR-199b up group was smaller than that of NC group (P>0.05). The expression abundance of SET in the miR-199b down group was significantly greater than that in the NC group (P<0.05). Conclusion miR-199b is the target gene of VEGF, JAG1 and SET proteins by inhibiting their expression.It can promote cell proliferation, prolong cell cycle and inhibit cell apoptosis.
Key words: miRNA; proliferation; apoptosis; differentiation; signaling pathways;chronic wound
近年來,IPS細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)并定向分化為血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞進(jìn)而在實(shí)驗(yàn)體內(nèi)形成新生血管的研究越來越受到人們的重視,美國學(xué)者Samuel等人使用人體IPS細(xì)胞制造出了能在實(shí)驗(yàn)鼠體內(nèi)存活280d的人造血管,并且其表現(xiàn)的生物學(xué)功能與正常血管一致。這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)為糖尿病及心血管疾病等的治療方法帶來了全新的思考,但迄今為止,國內(nèi)外關(guān)于IPS細(xì)胞在治療慢性創(chuàng)面領(lǐng)域的研究報(bào)道尚不多見。
基于目前臨床上對于慢性創(chuàng)面治療尚無有效方法的困境,回顧過去胚胎干細(xì)胞定向分化血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞治療慢性創(chuàng)面的良好效果,聯(lián)系當(dāng)今世界IPS細(xì)胞對于再生醫(yī)學(xué)及新生血管形成的重大研究成果,筆者推測:由IPS細(xì)胞定向誘導(dǎo)分化的血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞可在慢性創(chuàng)面環(huán)境中形成新生血管并促進(jìn)慢性創(chuàng)面血管化,進(jìn)而加速慢性創(chuàng)面的愈合。目前已有研究顯示,miR-199b參與了IPS分化成內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的過程,并與JAG1和VEGF通路存在靶向關(guān)系[1],但該研究并未探討miR-199b對內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的功能影響,如增殖、周期、血管形成等。因此,深入研究miR-199b促進(jìn)慢性創(chuàng)面血管化的作用及其機(jī)制具有重要意義。
因此,進(jìn)一步探索miR-199b在參與細(xì)胞分化形成新生血管促進(jìn)慢性創(chuàng)面血管化、改善創(chuàng)面血流供應(yīng)、加速創(chuàng)面愈合的這一過程中可能產(chǎn)生的功能及其作用機(jī)制,為推動(dòng)慢性創(chuàng)面治療的新方法提供一定的理論依據(jù)?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 材料和方法
1.1 細(xì)胞:293T(慢病毒的包裝細(xì)胞);大腸桿菌菌株DH5 α(用于擴(kuò)增慢病毒載體和輔助包裝載體質(zhì)粒);人永生化表皮細(xì)胞(HaCaT細(xì)胞)。
1.2 試劑:GeneRuler 1 kb DNA Ladder(Thermo Scientific);Thermo Scientific(Generay);Restriction Endonuclease(NEB);Taq Plus DNA polymerase(Vazyme);T4 DNA ligase(Thermo Scientific);Primer(Generay);TOP10 competent cell(Genechem);EndoFree Midi Plasmid Kit(Tiangen);CCK-8(Sigma);胎牛血清 FBS(Ausbian);DMEM(Corning);凋亡試劑盒(eBioscience);PI(Sigma);Rnase A(Fermentas);Trizol(上海普飛);M-MLV(promega);dNTPs(promega);Oligo(dT,上海生工);Bulge-LoopTM miRNA qPCR Primer Set(廣州銳博);Rnase Inhibitor(promega);Primer(R&F,上海吉?jiǎng)P);SYBR Master Mixture(Takara);BCA Protein Assay Kit(碧云天);RIPA 裂解液(強(qiáng))(碧云天);RIPA 裂解液(上海鼎國生物技術(shù)有限公司);NP-40裂解液(上海鼎國生物技術(shù)有限公司);Prestained protein marker(Thermo);ECL-PLUS/Kit(Thermo)。
1.3 儀器:PCR儀(Applied Biosystems公司);測序儀(美季生物公司);數(shù)顯式穩(wěn)壓穩(wěn)流電泳儀(天能公司);凝膠成像儀(天能公司);細(xì)菌搖床(華利達(dá)實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備公司);Blue Pard隔水式恒溫培養(yǎng)箱(上海一恒科學(xué)儀器有限公司);移液器(吉爾森公司);超凈工作臺(tái)(蘇州佳寶凈化工秳設(shè)備有限公司);高速離心機(jī)(賽默飛世爾科技(中國)有限公司);生物安全柜(上海振樣創(chuàng)空氣凈化設(shè)備公司);96孔板(Cornning):血球計(jì)數(shù)板(求精);酶標(biāo)儀(Tecan infinite);流式細(xì)胞儀(Millipore);熒光顯微鏡(Olympus);Nanodrop分光光度計(jì)(Thermo);穩(wěn)壓電泳儀(上海天能):超細(xì)勻漿機(jī)(FLUKO公司);Real time PCR儀器(Roche公司)反轉(zhuǎn)錄耗材(Axygen)穩(wěn)壓電源(電泳用,上海天能);SDS-PAGE 蛋白電泳儀(上海天能);蛋白轉(zhuǎn)膜儀(上海天能);冷凍高速離心機(jī)(Thermo);PVDF膜(millipore)。
1.4 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.4.1 目的基因載體構(gòu)建及細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染:利用限制性內(nèi)切酶消化獲得線性化慢病毒載體。引物退火制備mir-199b及miR-199b反向序列片段。將雙酶切線性化的載體和退火雙鏈DNA連接,將產(chǎn)物直接轉(zhuǎn)化。經(jīng)測序后,抽提合格的質(zhì)粒,將其轉(zhuǎn)染至293T(慢病毒的包裝細(xì)胞)中,構(gòu)建出miR-199b up慢病毒及miR-199b down慢病毒。培養(yǎng)生長狀態(tài)良好的HaCaT細(xì)胞,進(jìn)行正式感染,使用抗生素篩選48h,收集細(xì)胞匯合度70%~80%左右生長狀態(tài)良好的細(xì)胞,經(jīng)PCR驗(yàn)證上調(diào)與下調(diào)成功后,進(jìn)行下游實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.4.2 CCK-8法檢測miR-199b對HaCaT細(xì)胞增殖能力的影響: 將使用慢病毒感染的HaCaT細(xì)胞分為miR-199b up組及miR-199b down組,并增設(shè)加陰性對照病毒感染的細(xì)胞作為空白對照組。將三組細(xì)胞分別接種于96孔板中,共接種5塊板(按檢測時(shí)間點(diǎn)標(biāo)記為1d、2d、3d、4d、5d號(hào)板),于含胎牛血清FBS的DMEM培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)5d。期間分別于第1、2、3、4、5天對相應(yīng)時(shí)間點(diǎn)的96孔板進(jìn)行檢測,檢測前,每孔加100?l試劑(其中10?l CCK-8試劑,剩余90?l為含胎牛血清FBS的DMEM培養(yǎng)基)。于4h后將96孔板置于振蕩器上振蕩 2~5min,選用酶標(biāo)儀450nm檢測OD值。
1.4.3 PI-FACS細(xì)胞周期檢測mir-199b對HaCaT細(xì)胞周期的影響: 分組方式同1.4.2。將3組細(xì)胞感染后第3天傳代,第4天換無血清培養(yǎng),第5天換正常培養(yǎng)基,5h后檢測miR-199b up、miR-199b down組與對照組處在G1,S以及G2/M期的細(xì)胞占細(xì)胞總數(shù)的比例。
1.4.4 凋亡試驗(yàn)檢測mir-199b對HaCaT細(xì)胞遷移能力的影響:分組方式同1.4.2。待各實(shí)驗(yàn)組6孔板細(xì)胞生長至覆蓋率約為70%時(shí)藥物誘導(dǎo)凋亡。若為貼壁細(xì)胞,則上清中細(xì)胞也需收集。胰酶消化,完全培養(yǎng)基重懸成細(xì)胞懸液,與上清細(xì)胞收集于同一個(gè)5ml離心管中,每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。若為懸浮細(xì)胞,直接收集。1 300rmp離心5min,棄上清,4℃預(yù)冷的D-Hanks(pH=7.2~7.4)洗滌細(xì)胞沉淀。1×binding buffer洗滌細(xì)胞沉淀1次,1 300rmp、離心3min,收集細(xì)胞。200?l 1×binding buffer重懸細(xì)胞沉淀,加入10?l Annexin V-APC染色,室溫避光10~15min。根據(jù)細(xì)胞量補(bǔ)加400~800?l 1×binding buffer,上機(jī)行流式細(xì)胞檢測。
1.4.5 Western blot檢測SET蛋白表達(dá): 按1.4.2分組,從3組細(xì)胞中分別進(jìn)行蛋白提取。進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE 聚丙烯酰胺凝膠(分離膠濃度:10%)電泳,結(jié)束后轉(zhuǎn)膜、封閉加入一抗(目的一抗SET、內(nèi)參一抗GAPDH)、二抗(rabbit IgG、mouse IgG),孵育后采用ECL法結(jié)合X光片蛋白相對表達(dá)量經(jīng)內(nèi)參校正后,經(jīng)Image J軟件進(jìn)行分析。
1.4.6 Real time PCR檢測VEGFA、JAG1基因表達(dá):分別對3組細(xì)胞進(jìn)行RNA提取,檢測RNA濃度、純度,采用PCR儀反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA,采用Real time PCR儀進(jìn)行qPCR擴(kuò)增,檢測并比對CT值。
1.4.7 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,繪圖采用Graphpad Prism 6.0軟件,P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 CCK-8檢測結(jié)果表明:miR-199b up組OD450/fold值顯著高于對照(NC)組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);miR-199b down組OD450/fold值低于NC組(P>0.05)。提示miR-199b up組促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖。見圖1。
2.5 qPCR檢測結(jié)果顯示:從定量PCR結(jié)果可以看出,HaCaT細(xì)胞中,miR-199b up組JAG1表達(dá)豐度低于NC組(P>0.05),miR-199b down組JAG1表達(dá)豐度明顯高于NC組(P<0.05);miR-199b up組VEGFA表達(dá)豐度明顯低于NC組(P<0.05);miR-199b down組VEGFA表達(dá)豐度明顯高于NC組(P<0.05);miR-199b up組SET表達(dá)豐度低于NC組(P>0.05),miR-199b down組SET表達(dá)豐度明顯高于NC組(P<0.05)。見圖5~7。
3 討論
慢性難愈性創(chuàng)面簡稱慢性創(chuàng)面,是指經(jīng)規(guī)范臨床治療4~8周后仍難愈合或不愈合的創(chuàng)面。在中國,隨著人口老齡化及人們生活水平提高,糖尿病、下肢靜脈潰瘍等發(fā)病率逐年上升,慢性創(chuàng)面發(fā)生率越來越高,已嚴(yán)重影響我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)發(fā)展。創(chuàng)面愈合是一個(gè)涉及血管化、上皮化、細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)形成與沉積的復(fù)雜過程,大量研究證實(shí),局部血運(yùn)不良是造成慢性創(chuàng)面難以愈合的主要原因。迄今為止,在慢性創(chuàng)面的治療上,臨床尚缺乏理想的藥物及方法[2]。因此,深入研究mir-199b促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖的作用及機(jī)制,可為IPS細(xì)胞分化為血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞以促慢性創(chuàng)面血管化,治療慢性創(chuàng)面的新治療思路提供理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持,具有臨床意義。
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)是一類小的、內(nèi)源性的非編碼RNA,長度約17~25bp,廣泛存在于動(dòng)植物體內(nèi),可以調(diào)控基因的表達(dá),在人類基因組中30%的基因都受到miRNAs的調(diào)控[3]。研究表明[4],miRNAs在轉(zhuǎn)錄后將抑制靶基因表達(dá),越來越多的研究證明此特性在許多癌癥的發(fā)病機(jī)制中發(fā)揮著重要作用,也為治療多種疾病提供了潛在治療因子[5-8]。通過targetscan數(shù)據(jù)庫預(yù)測,MiR-199b可以與VEGFA、SET、JAG1結(jié)合,并通過抑制靶基因發(fā)揮功能。本次試驗(yàn)中,miR-199b轉(zhuǎn)染人上皮細(xì)胞HaCaT細(xì)胞,經(jīng)qPCR檢測與對照組相比,miR-199b up組抑制VEGFA,JAG1,SET表達(dá),miR-199b down組促進(jìn)miR-199b up組抑制VEGFA,JAG1,SET表達(dá),驗(yàn)證miR-199b可以與VEGFA、SET、JAG1結(jié)合,并可能通過抑制這些靶基因發(fā)揮功能。Western blot檢測SET表達(dá)結(jié)果顯示:在miR-199b轉(zhuǎn)染人上皮細(xì)胞HaCaT細(xì)胞中,相比對照組,miR-199b down組促進(jìn)SET表達(dá),miR-199b up組抑制SET表達(dá),提示,miR-199b可能靶向抑制SET通路發(fā)揮功能。然而本次CCK-8試驗(yàn)、細(xì)胞周期試驗(yàn)顯示miR-199b對其轉(zhuǎn)染的HaCaT細(xì)胞的增殖有促進(jìn)作用,細(xì)胞凋亡試驗(yàn)結(jié)果提示miR-199b對其轉(zhuǎn)染的HaCaT細(xì)胞的凋亡有抑制作用。本次研究結(jié)果顯示:轉(zhuǎn)染miR-199b的HaCaT細(xì)胞中VEGFA、JAG1、及SET的表達(dá)明顯降低,細(xì)胞增殖加速,細(xì)胞凋亡被抑制,考慮此結(jié)果可能與細(xì)胞周期阻滯水平降低有關(guān)。JIAN CAO等[9]在研究miR-146a和miR-21通過調(diào)控Notch信號(hào)通路共同調(diào)控血管平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)染miR-146a的VSMCs中Notch2蛋白的表達(dá)明顯降低,但細(xì)胞增殖加速,miR-146a和miR-21在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊中顯著上調(diào),并加速血管平滑肌細(xì)胞的生長和細(xì)胞周期進(jìn)程。這提示雖然對包括VEGFA、JAG1在內(nèi)的促細(xì)胞增殖作用的靶基因有抑制作用,miRNAs仍可能在某些情況下起到促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖的作用。據(jù)此筆者推測,在IPS細(xì)胞分化為血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的過程中,miR-199b可通過VEGFA,JAG1,SET通路發(fā)揮作用,并最終通過促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖、抑制細(xì)胞凋亡來促進(jìn)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的生成,從而改善慢性創(chuàng)面的血供,進(jìn)而起到促進(jìn)慢性創(chuàng)面愈合的作用。
綜上所述,此次研究顯示,miR-199b可能為VEGFA、JAG1、及SET的靶基因,并可促進(jìn)細(xì)胞的增殖與分化,為慢性創(chuàng)面血管化提供了新的治療思路。
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[收稿日期]2018-08-13 [修回日期]2018-09-30
編輯/賈敏
本文引用格式:邱堯,岳毅剛,邵家松,等.miR-199b促進(jìn)慢性創(chuàng)面血管化的作用及機(jī)制研究[J].中國美容醫(yī)學(xué),2019,28(1):89-92.