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豬SPATA6基因的多態(tài)性與精液品質(zhì)性狀的關(guān)聯(lián)分析

2019-02-06 04:01周佳偉吳俊靜喬木劉貴生彭先文梅書棋
湖北農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué) 2019年24期
關(guān)鍵詞:精液量

周佳偉 吳俊靜 喬木 劉貴生 彭先文 梅書棋

摘要:公豬精液品質(zhì)直接影響到豬場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益,通過轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序發(fā)現(xiàn)SPATA6基因在豬性成熟前后的睪丸組織中差異表達(dá),并發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)含子區(qū)域內(nèi)存在多個(gè)SNP位點(diǎn)。通過SNaPshot的方法分別對(duì)杜洛克豬和大白豬中SPATA6基因的rs331255092和rs341061477位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分型,并與精液品質(zhì)性狀進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析。結(jié)果表明,在杜洛克豬和大白豬中rs331255092和rs341061477位點(diǎn)均與精子畸形率顯著相關(guān),此外,在大白豬中rs331255092和rs341061477位點(diǎn)也與精液量顯著相關(guān)。豬SPATA6基因的rs331255092和rs341061477位點(diǎn)對(duì)豬的精液品質(zhì)存在潛在調(diào)控作用。

關(guān)鍵詞:豬;SPATA6基因;SNP;精子畸形率;精液量

中圖分類號(hào):S828 ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A

文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2019)24-0163-04

DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.24.039 ? ? ? ? ? 開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識(shí)碼(OSID):

Association analysis of SPATA6 gene polymorphism and semenquality in porcine

ZHOU Jia-wei,WU Jun-jing,QIAO Mu,LIU Gui-sheng,PENG Xian-wen,MEI Shu-qi

(Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo and Molecular Breeding/Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China)

Abstract: The quality of boar semen directly affects the economic benefits of pig farms. Transcriptome sequencing showed that SPATA6 gene was differentially expressed in testicular tissues of porcine sexually mature and immature, and multiple SNP sites were found in its intron region. In this study, rs331255092 and rs341061477 loci of SPATA6 gene were identified by SNaPshot method in Duroc pig and Large White pig. The results showed that rs331255092 and rs341061477 were significantly correlated with sperm abnormality rate in Duroc pig and Large White pig. In addition, rs331255092 and rs341061477 were also significantly correlated with semen volume in Large White pig. In summary, rs331255092 and rs341061477 have potential regulatory effects on semen quality in pigs.

Key words: pig; SPATA6 gene; SNP; sperm abnormality rate; semen volume

公豬在養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)中發(fā)揮著重要作用,公豬精液質(zhì)量直接影響豬場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。精液量、精子密度、精子活力和精子畸形率是衡量精液品質(zhì)的4個(gè)重要指標(biāo)[1]。由于精液品質(zhì)性狀的遺傳力低,很難通過常規(guī)育種手段進(jìn)行遺傳改良,而分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇法(Marker-assisted selection,MAS)是提高精液品質(zhì)的一種有效方法[2]。部分學(xué)者通過候選基因法篩選出多個(gè)與精液品質(zhì)性狀相關(guān)的分子標(biāo)記,例如ESR1、SPAG11、FST、PRLR、INHA、FSHβ、DAZL等[3-8],但依然有很多與精液品質(zhì)相關(guān)的SNP位點(diǎn)有待挖掘。Song等[9]通過轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序發(fā)現(xiàn)精子發(fā)生相關(guān)基因6(Spermatogenesis associated 6,SPATA6)在大白豬性成熟前后的睪丸組織中差異表達(dá),并存在多個(gè)SNP位點(diǎn)。SPATA6基因在睪丸組織中特異表達(dá)[10],在5周齡小鼠的睪丸中開始檢測(cè)出SPATA6基因的表達(dá),5周齡到15周齡表達(dá)量持續(xù)增加,直至63周齡均可檢測(cè)出SPATA6基因的表達(dá),且SPATA6基因主要在精母細(xì)胞中表達(dá)[11]。SPATA6基因的失活影響精子組裝過程中的精子中段形成與頭尾緊密連接,導(dǎo)致生成無頭精子[12]。PMFBP1的突變會(huì)影響PMFBP1與SPATA6和SUN5基因的結(jié)合,引發(fā)無頭精子癥[13]。在少弱精子癥患者中SPATA6基因的表達(dá)量顯著低于正常男性,miR-23a/b-3p可以通過靶向SPATA6基因影響精子成熟[14]。

本研究以SPATA6基因?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,探究SPATA6基因與精液量、精子密度、精子活力、精子畸形率相關(guān)的SNP位點(diǎn),為公豬精液品質(zhì)的遺傳改良提供新的靶點(diǎn)。

1 ?材料與方法

1.1 ?試驗(yàn)樣品

收集177頭杜洛克豬和78頭大白豬的精液樣本。所有樣品均記錄了精液量、精子密度、精子活力和精子畸形率等4個(gè)指標(biāo)。采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)苯酚氯仿萃取法提取精液基因組DNA,保存于-20 ℃。

1.2 ?SNaPshot基因分型

1.2.1 ?目的序列的常規(guī)PCR擴(kuò)增 ?擴(kuò)增含有rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)的DNA序列,PCR反應(yīng)體系50 μL:金牌綠酶MIX試劑25 μL,gDNA模板1 μL,上、下游引物各2 μL(引物序列見表1),去離子水20 μL。由于rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)相聚較近,因此共用一對(duì)引物。PCR擴(kuò)增程序?yàn)?8 ℃預(yù)變性2 min;98 ℃變性10 s,60 ℃退火20 s,72 ℃延伸10 s,35個(gè)循環(huán);72 ℃延伸1 min,4 ℃保存。

1.2.2 ?SNaPshot PCR ?將PCR產(chǎn)物回收純化,取15 μL回收純化后的PCR產(chǎn)物,加入5 U SAP和 ?2 U Exo I,振蕩混勻,37 ℃保溫1 h,然后75 ℃保溫 15 min以滅活SAP和Exo I酶;使用Applied Biosystems公司的SNaPshot Multiplex Kit將處理后的15 μL PCR產(chǎn)物吸出3 μL進(jìn)行SNaPshot檢測(cè),PCR反應(yīng)體系10 μL,Reaction Mix試劑5 μL,SAP和Exo I酶處理后PCR產(chǎn)物3 μL,rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)延伸引物各0.5 μL,去離子水1 μL,PCR擴(kuò)增程序?yàn)?6 ℃變性10 s,50 ℃退火5 s,60 ℃延伸30 s,25個(gè)循環(huán),4 ℃保存。

1.2.3 ?SNP位點(diǎn)的讀取與識(shí)別 ?將SNaPshot產(chǎn)物稀釋20倍,稀釋體系為Hi-Di Formamide 9.25 μL,GS-120LIZ 0.25 μL,SNaPshot產(chǎn)物0.5 μL,反應(yīng)體系為95 ℃變性5 min,冰浴4 min;配制含有350 μL Hi-Di甲酰胺和50 μL Matrix標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品的混合液,95 ℃變性5 min,迅速冰冷5 min,平分2管,分裝至上機(jī)板后對(duì)3730XL DNA Analyzer儀器進(jìn)行光譜校正;使用3730XL DNA Analyzer對(duì)制備好的樣品進(jìn)行毛細(xì)管電泳并搜集信號(hào)[15];最后使用GeneMapper V4.0軟件對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。

1.3 ?連鎖不平衡分析和群體關(guān)聯(lián)分析

采用SHEsis在線軟件(http://analysis.bio-x.cn/myAnalysis.php)進(jìn)行連接不平衡分析[16,17]。采用SAS軟件的一般線性模型將177頭杜洛克豬和78頭大白豬的SPATA6基因的rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)的基因型與精液品質(zhì)性狀進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析。同時(shí)采用REG程序計(jì)算基因加性效應(yīng)和顯性效應(yīng),并進(jìn)行顯著性檢驗(yàn),所用模型為:

Yij=μ+Gi+Fj+eij

式中,Yij為性狀表型值,μ為平均值,Gi為基因型效應(yīng)(包括基因加性效應(yīng)和顯性效應(yīng);加性效應(yīng)用1,0和-1分別代表TT、AT和AA基因型或TT、CT和CC基因型,顯性效應(yīng)用1,-1和1分別代表TT、AT和AA基因型或TT、CT和CC基因型);Fj為豬場(chǎng)綜合效應(yīng);eij為殘差效應(yīng)。

2 ?結(jié)果與分析

2.1 ?rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)在杜洛克豬和大白豬中的等位基因頻率

Song等[9]通過大白豬性成熟前后的睪丸組織的轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序發(fā)現(xiàn)SPATA6基因差異表達(dá),且SPATA6基因的rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)存在多態(tài)性。SNaPshot法檢測(cè)177頭杜洛克豬和78頭大白豬的精液樣本中SPATA6基因的rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)的基因型頻率和等位基因頻率結(jié)果如表2所示。rs341061477位點(diǎn)在大白豬中等位基因T的頻率為0.87,是優(yōu)勢(shì)等位基因,但在杜洛克豬中差異不顯著;rs331255092位點(diǎn)在杜洛克豬中等位基因A的頻率為0.74,是優(yōu)勢(shì)等位基因;而在大白豬中等位基因T的頻率為0.76,是優(yōu)勢(shì)等位基因。

2.2 ?rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)的連鎖不平衡分析

通過SHEsis在線軟件對(duì)SPATA6基因的rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)進(jìn)行連鎖不平衡分析。結(jié)果表明,這兩個(gè)多態(tài)位點(diǎn)在杜洛克豬和大白豬群體中的r2分別為0.25(圖1A)和0.47(圖1B),而當(dāng)r2<0.8時(shí)認(rèn)為兩個(gè)突變是不連鎖的[18],所以SPATA6基因rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)在杜洛克豬和大白豬群體中為不連鎖位點(diǎn)。

2.3 ?rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)與精液品質(zhì)的關(guān)聯(lián)分析

SPATA6基因在睪丸組織中特異表達(dá),研究表明SPATA6基因的失活會(huì)影響精子發(fā)生過程,導(dǎo)致生成無頭精子[10,12,13]。GWAS分析發(fā)現(xiàn)SPATA6基因的遺傳變異會(huì)影響小鼠睪丸重量[19]。SPATA6基因的多態(tài)位點(diǎn)與杜洛克豬和大白豬的精液品質(zhì)性狀關(guān)聯(lián)分析結(jié)果見表3。如表3所示,rs341061477位點(diǎn)在杜洛克豬中TT基因型的精子畸形率顯著高于CT基因型(P<0.05);在大白豬中TT基因型和CT基因型的精子畸形率極顯著高于CC基因型(P<0.05),且加性效應(yīng)達(dá)到1.39%(P<0.01),TT基因型的精液量極顯著低于CT基因型(P<0.01)。如表4所示,rs331255092位點(diǎn)在杜洛克豬中AT基因型的精子畸形率顯著高于AA基因型(P<0.05);在大白豬中AT基因型精子畸形率也顯著高于AA基因型(P<0.05),AA基因型的精液量極顯著高于TT基因型(P<0.01),且加性效應(yīng)達(dá)到19.10 mL(P<0.01)。結(jié)果表明,在杜洛克豬和大白豬中,SPATA6基因的rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)與精子畸形率和精液量顯著相關(guān)。

3 ?小結(jié)與討論

公豬的生育力是影響?zhàn)B豬業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率的重要因素,而精液品質(zhì)是衡量公豬生育力的重要指標(biāo)。本研究以177頭杜洛克豬和78頭大白豬的精液樣本為試驗(yàn)材料,鑒定影響精液品質(zhì)性狀的關(guān)鍵SNP位點(diǎn),為公豬遺傳改良提供有效的分子育種標(biāo)記。

GWAS分析發(fā)現(xiàn)SPATA6基因的遺傳變異可能會(huì)影響睪丸重量[19],在營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良組和營(yíng)養(yǎng)良好組的綿羊睪丸組織中SPATA6基因發(fā)生不同情況的可變剪接事件[20]。因此,鑒定SPATA6基因中影響精液品質(zhì)的SNP位點(diǎn)對(duì)于改良精液品質(zhì)以及解析SPATA6基因的可變剪切事件具有重要意義。本研究選取位于SPATA6基因第十內(nèi)含子的rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn),通過SNaPshot法鑒定基因型,并將其與精液品質(zhì)性狀進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)分析。

杜洛克豬中rs341061477位點(diǎn)的TT基因型的精子畸形率顯著高于CT基因型,大白豬中rs341061477位點(diǎn)的TT基因型和CT基因型的精子畸形率顯著高于CC基因型;在杜洛克豬和大白豬中rs331255092位點(diǎn)的AT基因型的精子畸形率均顯著高于AA基因型;此外,在大白豬中rs331255092和rs341061477位點(diǎn)也與精液量顯著相關(guān)。

本研究表明SPATA6基因的rs341061477和rs331255092位點(diǎn)顯著影響精子畸形率,為進(jìn)一步探究SPATA6基因在精子發(fā)生過程中的作用奠定了基礎(chǔ),也為公豬精液品質(zhì)的遺傳改良提供了新的靶點(diǎn)。

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