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核苷(酸)類藥物治療HBeAg陽性CHB患者血清HBsAg水平變化Meta分析*

2018-03-28 01:14張海月王魯文劉菲菲龔作炯
實用肝臟病雜志 2018年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:轉(zhuǎn)換率抗病毒基線

張海月,王魯文,劉菲菲,龔作炯

每年約有65萬人死于HBV感染所致的肝功能衰竭、肝硬化和肝細(xì)胞癌(HCC)??共《局委熕幬镏饕懈蓴_素(interferon,IFN)和核苷(酸)類【nucleos(t)ide analogues,NAs】藥物兩類。研究表明,長期給予NAs抗病毒治療能夠降低CHB患者肝臟相關(guān)并發(fā)癥,改善臨床結(jié)局[1-3]。但NAs治療并不能清除HBV感染,需要長時間的治療以維持病毒復(fù)制的抑制。另外,尋找能預(yù)測NAs停藥的臨床指標(biāo)和生物學(xué)標(biāo)志都是亟待解決的問題[4,5]。HBsAg是HBV S基因表達(dá)的一種病毒包膜蛋白。HBsAg的合成量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于病毒裝配所需的量,因此一部分HBsAg以含有病毒核酸的Dane顆粒形式存在,大量過剩的HBsAg被裝配成不含病毒核酸的球形或管形顆粒,從肝細(xì)胞釋放入血,以無感染性顆粒的形式存在[6]。HBsAg是反應(yīng)病毒持續(xù)存在的一項穩(wěn)定的血清學(xué)標(biāo)志,在已獲得病毒學(xué)應(yīng)答的CHB患者血清HBsAg仍持續(xù)可被檢測到,而HBsAg的消失可預(yù)示有轉(zhuǎn)錄活性的HBV cccDNA的清除[7-9]。因此,HBsAg持久消失是CHB患者抗病毒理想的治療終點。長效干擾素抗病毒治療患者可在有限的治療時間內(nèi)實現(xiàn)HBsAg的消失,但發(fā)生率較低[10,11]。長期應(yīng)用NAs治療患者血清HBsAg消失的幾率更小,造成停藥時間不能確定。因此,尋找NAs抗病毒治療過程中預(yù)測HBsAg消失的指標(biāo)非常重要。研究顯示,在抗病毒治療過程中,血清HBsAg水平動態(tài)變化對獲得穩(wěn)定的遠(yuǎn)期療效有一定的預(yù)測作用。干擾素抗病毒治療12~24周后,血清HBsAg可持續(xù)下降,且發(fā)生病毒學(xué)應(yīng)答患者血清HBsAg下降較為明顯[12-14]。HBsAg水平變化可用于IFN抗病毒治療療效的預(yù)測,而在NAs抗病毒治療過程中,血清HBsAg變化緩慢,對NAs抗病毒療效的預(yù)測作用尚未達(dá)成一致的意見。研究表明,在NAs抗病毒治療過程中,HBsAg快速下降提示患者最終可能發(fā)生HBsAg清除,HBsAg下降≥1 lg IU/mL反映宿主對HBV感染免疫控制能力的提高[15]。本文采用Meta分析法評估了NAs抗病毒治療過程中CHB患者血清HBsAg水平變化是否對HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換或/和HBsAg消失有一定的預(yù)測價值。

1 資料與方法

1.1 檢索策略 應(yīng)用計算機(jī)檢索2006年1月1日~2016年12月31日PubMed,EMBASE和Cochrane Central Register數(shù)據(jù)庫中關(guān)于血清HBsAg水平與接受NAs抗病毒治療的CHB患者HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系的臨床研究論文,并檢索相應(yīng)的參考文獻(xiàn)。文獻(xiàn)檢索策略見表1。

1.2 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①研究類型:RCT文獻(xiàn);②研究對象為核苷(酸)類治療HBeAg陽性的慢性乙型肝炎患者;③試驗組:HBsAg應(yīng)答組(1年內(nèi),HBsAg下降>1 lg IU/mL),對照組為非HBsAg應(yīng)答組。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):描述性研究,試驗設(shè)計存在診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及評價指標(biāo)不統(tǒng)一、樣本資料交待不清楚等問題、合并HAV、HCV、HDV、HEV及HIV等感染者、有肝細(xì)胞癌者。結(jié)局指標(biāo):①HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換率;②HBsAg消失率;③HBsAg基線水平。

1.3 數(shù)據(jù)提取與統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析 兩名研究者依照Cochrane Handbook進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評價。計數(shù)資料采用風(fēng)險比(odds ratio,OR)作為系統(tǒng)評價指標(biāo),計量資料則以均數(shù)差(mean difference,MD)表示,區(qū)間估計采用 95%可信區(qū)間(confidence interval,CI),應(yīng)用Rev 5.2軟件,首先對納入數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行異質(zhì)性分析。當(dāng)P>0.10,I2<50%時,表示數(shù)據(jù)間無異質(zhì)性,采用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行Meta分析;當(dāng)P<0.10,I2>50%表示存在異質(zhì)性,先分析異質(zhì)性來源。當(dāng)無法找到特定的統(tǒng)計學(xué)異質(zhì)性來源時,則采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型分析。采用漏斗圖評估發(fā)表偏倚。當(dāng)P<0.05時,表示兩組間差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 納入文獻(xiàn)的特點及質(zhì)量分析 初始檢索到209篇相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),排除重復(fù)、非RCT文獻(xiàn)以及非NAs初治患者的文獻(xiàn),最終有10篇[16-25]被納入。納入研究的特點見表2,納入研究的質(zhì)量評價見表3。

表1 文獻(xiàn)檢索策略

表2 納入研究的一般特征

表3 納入研究的質(zhì)量評價情況

2.2 HBsAg應(yīng)答與無HBsAg應(yīng)答患者血清HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換率比較 在5項研究[16-18,21,23],包括154例患者,Meta分析顯示,在28例HBsAg應(yīng)答患者中有18例(64.3%)發(fā)生HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換,126例非HBsAg應(yīng)答患者中25例(19.8%)發(fā)生HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換,差異顯著[OR=6.03,95%CI為(2.55,14.19),P<0.0001,圖1];發(fā)表偏倚漏斗圖見圖 2。數(shù)據(jù)并非嚴(yán)格對稱性分布,提示可能存在發(fā)表性偏倚。敏感性分析顯示,無論去掉哪一項研究,HBsAg應(yīng)答組HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換率仍顯著高于非HBsAg應(yīng)答組。

圖1 HBsAg應(yīng)答組與非HBsAg應(yīng)答組HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換率比較

圖2 HBsAg應(yīng)答組與非HBsAg應(yīng)答組 HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換率發(fā)表偏倚漏斗圖

2.3 HBsAg應(yīng)答組與無HBsAg應(yīng)答組HBsAg消失率比較 在6項研究[18-23],隨訪300例患者,在59例HBsAg應(yīng)答患者中有18例(30.5%)發(fā)生了HBsAg消失,而在241例非HBsAg應(yīng)答患者中,只有1例(0.4%)發(fā)生了HBsAg消失,差異顯著(OR=34.44,95%CI 為 9.07~130.77,P<0.00001)。發(fā)表偏倚漏斗圖顯示數(shù)據(jù)大致呈對稱性分布,未發(fā)現(xiàn)明顯的發(fā)表偏倚。

2.4 HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換組與HBeAg未轉(zhuǎn)換組HBsAg 基線水平比較 在 3 篇文獻(xiàn)[16,24,25],包括 143例患者,Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換組與HBeAg未轉(zhuǎn)換組HBsAg基線水平【(3.4±0.6)lg IU/mL 對(3.7±0.4)lg IU/mL】相比,無明顯差異[MD=-0.23,95%CI為(-0.83,0.36),P=0.44]。

3 討論

本文評估了HBsAg動態(tài)變化對NAs治療HBeAg陽性慢性乙型肝炎患者發(fā)生血清學(xué)應(yīng)答的預(yù)測價值。結(jié)果顯示,發(fā)生HBsAg應(yīng)答即HBsAg早期(1年內(nèi))快速下降≥1 lg IU/mL預(yù)示有發(fā)生HBsAg清除的可能,且與無HBsAg應(yīng)答者比,出現(xiàn)HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換率更高(64.3%對19.8%,P<0.0001),提示NAs治療HBeAg陽性的CHB患者,HBsAg早期快速下降對HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換及HBsAg消失都有預(yù)測作用。

NAs抗病毒治療可降低HBV感染者肝細(xì)胞癌的發(fā)生率[26-29]。然而,停藥時間仍是一個尚未解決的重大問題。理想的治療終點即安全的停藥時間是發(fā)生HBsAg清除??共《局委熀蟀l(fā)生HBsAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換的CHB 患者有更好的臨床結(jié)局[30,31]。NAs抗病毒治療可以實現(xiàn)HBV DNA顯著降低,但HBsAg下降較IFN-α治療者緩慢[32]。NAs抗病毒治療使HBsAg降低的機(jī)制尚不明確,但HBsAg下降反應(yīng)宿主對病毒的免疫控制有了更高的水平,肝內(nèi)HBV cccDNA水平也降低[33]。

NAs治療后發(fā)生HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換與未發(fā)生HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換患者比,治療前HBsAg基線水平并無明顯差異。研究表明,ETV初治患者基線HBsAg水平是抗病毒24個月后發(fā)生HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換的獨立預(yù)測因素[16]。LdT抗病毒治療24周時HBeAg水平優(yōu)于其他血清學(xué)標(biāo)志物能預(yù)測發(fā)生HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換[37]。ETV治療82例HBeAg陽性CHB患者超過3年,發(fā)生HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換者較未發(fā)生HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換患者有較高的基線HBsAg水平,但HBsAg下降明顯[38]。因此,基線HBsAg水平是否對NAs抗病毒治療后HBeAg血清學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換或HBsAg消失有預(yù)測價值,尚需更多大樣本的研究來驗證。

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