顏曉慶 劉飛 劉慶亞 寇艷波
【摘要】 目的:前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)小鼠細(xì)胞因子LIGHT(TNFSF14)能夠抑制脂肪前體細(xì)胞分化,表達(dá)純化LIGHT并驗(yàn)證其活性,將為進(jìn)一步明確其調(diào)控脂肪前體細(xì)胞分化的機(jī)制提供堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。方法:以小鼠脾臟總cDNA為模板,通過PCR擴(kuò)增得到LIGHT胞外段編碼序列,并將其克隆至pGEX4T-1,經(jīng)菌液PCR、限制性內(nèi)切酶酶切及測序驗(yàn)證后獲得重組質(zhì)粒pGEX4T-1-LIGHTc。重組質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)化至大腸桿菌BL21(DE3),經(jīng)IPTG誘導(dǎo)蛋白表達(dá)后SDS-PAGE檢測菌體破碎液上清中可溶型LIGHTc的存在。含有重組蛋白的上清經(jīng)親和純化后獲得GST-LIGHTc重組蛋白,重組蛋白經(jīng)凝血酶消化后得到游離型LIGHTc單體,最后通過結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞生長抑制實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證LIGHTc單體的活性。結(jié)果:通過大腸桿菌異源表達(dá)和親和純化獲得了GST-LIGHTc重組蛋白,經(jīng)凝血酶處理后得到有活性的游離型小鼠LIGHT蛋白。結(jié)論:通過大腸桿菌異源表達(dá)及親和純化獲得有活性的小鼠LIGHTc重組蛋白,為進(jìn)一步研究LIGHT影響脂肪前體細(xì)胞分化的分子機(jī)制奠定了重要的材料基礎(chǔ)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 LIGHT; 腫瘤壞死因子; 異源表達(dá)純化; 親和純化
【Abstract】 Objective:In our previous research,we find the murine LIGHT(TNFSF14) can inhibit preadipocytes differentiation to mature adipocytes.To futher illuminate the mechanism how LIGHT inhibits preadipocytes differentiation,the extracellular section coding sequence of LIGHT was cloned and heterologously expressed in E.coli.Method:The LIGHT coding sequence was amplified from spleen total cDNA by PCR and then cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pGEX4T-1.After verified with restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing,the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21.The transformed BL21 was treated with IPTG to induce the expression of recombinant protein GST-LIGHTc.Before activity detection,the GST-LIGHTc protein was digested by thrombin to aquire dissociated LIGHTc.Result:Gst-lightc recombinant protein was obtained by heteroexpression and affinity purification of escherichia coli,and the active free mouse LIGHT protein was obtained by thrombin treatment.Conclusion:The soluble recombinant murine LIGHTc with biological activity is obtained with E.coli heterologous expression and affinity purification.This will lay the foundation for illuminating the mechanism of LIGHT regulating preadipocytes differentiation.
【Key words】 LIGHT; TNF; Heterologous expression; Affinity purification
First-authors address:Xuzhou Medical University,Xuzhou 221004,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.32.007
LIGHT[Lymphotoxin-like,exhibits inducible expression,competes with Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D for Herpesvirus Entry Mediator(HVEM)receptor expressed by T lymphocyte]屬于腫瘤壞死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)超家族,又稱TNFSF14,廣泛表達(dá)于全身各個(gè)組織和器官,在活化的T細(xì)胞和未成熟樹突狀細(xì)胞中呈現(xiàn)高表達(dá)[1]。LIGHT是一個(gè)Ⅱ型穿膜蛋白,在人類和嚙齒類動(dòng)物中較為保守,小鼠和人LIGHT序列相似性達(dá)77%,小鼠全長LIGHT由239個(gè)氨基酸構(gòu)成,分子量26.3 kDa[2]。LIGHT除可以以全長的形式定位于細(xì)胞表面外,還可以經(jīng)蛋白酶切割,轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榭扇苄偷鞍子坞x于組織器官中??扇苄蚅IGHT由其C端182個(gè)氨基酸構(gòu)成,分子量為20 kDa(本文中用LIGHTc表示)。
嚙齒類動(dòng)物中已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的LIGHT受體至少有兩種,分別是LTβR和HVEM[3-5]。LIGHT結(jié)合其受體后,可以介導(dǎo)多種生物學(xué)過程,通過激活下游信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路,引起各種生物學(xué)反應(yīng)。最早研究表明LIGHT能夠作為共刺激因子活化T細(xì)胞,且能促進(jìn)T細(xì)胞分化和增殖[6-8]。此外,LIGHT還可以調(diào)控血小板聚集,促進(jìn)間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞增殖,成肌細(xì)胞分化和骨骼肌再生以及介導(dǎo)哮喘等[9-13]。作為TNF超家族的一員,LIGHT也能夠影響多種腫瘤的發(fā)生,如原發(fā)性腦癌、結(jié)腸癌等[14-15]。
本課題組前期的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)LIGHT還能夠調(diào)控脂肪前體細(xì)胞的分化,脂肪前體細(xì)胞中過表達(dá)LIGHT能夠明顯抑制其向白色脂肪細(xì)胞和米黃色脂肪細(xì)胞的分化。脂肪細(xì)胞的增生和肥大是引起肥胖的最直接原因,因此進(jìn)一步明確LIGHT調(diào)控脂肪前體細(xì)胞分化以及脂類代謝的機(jī)制,將為防治肥胖提供有力的理論支持[16]。
為便于研究LIGHT調(diào)控脂肪細(xì)胞分化及脂類代謝的機(jī)制,本研究擬通過基因克隆、大腸桿菌表達(dá)以及親和純化,對(duì)小鼠LIGHT胞外段進(jìn)行異源表達(dá)純化;而已有報(bào)道表明,人源的LIGHT胞外段能夠抑制人結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞的生長[17]。因此本實(shí)驗(yàn)中利用小鼠結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞CMT93增殖實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測所制備的可溶型小鼠LIGHT重組蛋白的活性?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料 小鼠(C57BL/6)由本校實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心養(yǎng)殖;小鼠脾臟、血液、肝臟、皮膚總cDNA由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室獲得。大腸桿菌DH5α和BL21由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室保存;小鼠結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞CMT93由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室保存。表達(dá)載體pGEX4T-1由本實(shí)驗(yàn)室保存。高保真DNA聚合酶Primer Star購自Takara公司;預(yù)混2×Taq Master Mix DNA聚合酶購自南京諾唯贊生物科技有限公司。限制性內(nèi)切酶BamHI和NotI,T4連接酶購自Thermo Fisher。IPTG和GST標(biāo)簽蛋白純化試劑盒購自碧云天。凝血酶購自生工。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 小鼠LIGHT胞外段編碼序列擴(kuò)增 由NCBI數(shù)據(jù)庫獲得小鼠LIGHT的完整cDNA序列(NM_019418),利用引物設(shè)計(jì)軟件Primer 5.0分別獲得LIGHT胞外段擴(kuò)增引物:MusLIGHTc-F:5 CGCGGATCCAGACTGCATCAACGTCTTGGAGAC 3和MusLIGHTc-R:5 AAGGAAAAAAGCGGCCGCTCAGACCATGAAAGCTCCGAAATAG 3。分別以小鼠脾臟、血液、肝臟、皮膚總cDNA為模板,PCR擴(kuò)增LIGHT胞外段編碼序列(576 bp),產(chǎn)物經(jīng)純化后進(jìn)行電泳分析。
1.2.2 表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pGEX4T-1-LIGHTc構(gòu)建 將純化后的LIGHT胞外段PCR產(chǎn)物和原核表達(dá)載體pGEX4T-1用BamHI和NotI消化后再次純化,純化產(chǎn)物以1︰7摩爾比進(jìn)行連接,連接產(chǎn)物通過熱激法轉(zhuǎn)化至大腸桿菌克隆菌株DH5α。挑取單克隆提取質(zhì)粒,分別以ApaI和BamHI/NotI進(jìn)行限制性酶切驗(yàn)證,酶切正確的質(zhì)粒經(jīng)測序驗(yàn)證無誤后,命名為pGEX4T-1-LIGHTc,用于后續(xù)LIGHT胞外段表達(dá)純化。
1.2.3 重組LIGHTc表達(dá)與純化 通過熱激法將表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pGEX4T-1-LIGHTc轉(zhuǎn)化至大腸桿菌表達(dá)菌株BL21,挑取單克隆經(jīng)菌液PCR驗(yàn)證后,將陽性大腸桿菌BL21轉(zhuǎn)接至新的LB培養(yǎng)基中,同時(shí)以pGEX4T-1作為陰性對(duì)照。過夜培養(yǎng)后將菌液按1︰100的比例接種到100 mL新鮮的LB培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)至OD600為0.5時(shí)加入終濃度0.5 mM的IPTG,20 ℃下誘導(dǎo)6~8 h,離心收集菌體。將菌體重懸于5 mL PBS緩沖液中,加入蛋白酶抑制劑后,于冰浴上進(jìn)行超聲處理。菌懸液由混濁變?yōu)榍辶梁筮M(jìn)行離心,4 ℃,12 000 g,離心10 min,分別收集上清和沉淀用于后續(xù)SDS-PAGE檢測。上清用GST標(biāo)簽蛋白純化試劑盒(碧云天)進(jìn)行純化(按照操作手冊(cè)進(jìn)行)。重組蛋白不洗脫,結(jié)合重組蛋白的樹脂重懸于1 mL含40 U凝血酶 PBS中,22 ℃,震蕩孵育12 h。反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物經(jīng)4 ℃,500 g離心5 min收集上清,上清經(jīng)超濾濃縮至200 μL,測定濃度,用于后續(xù)活性驗(yàn)證。
1.2.4 Western blot 菌體破碎上清液經(jīng)蛋白濃度測定后,每孔上樣總蛋白30 μg進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE,轉(zhuǎn)印至PVDF膜后用5%脫脂奶粉室溫封閉2 h,用GST一抗4 ℃孵育過夜,洗滌后二抗孵育1 h再次洗滌后分別目的蛋白存在。
1.2.5 重組LIGHTc活性驗(yàn)證 小鼠結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞CMT93經(jīng)血球板計(jì)數(shù)后,調(diào)整細(xì)胞濃度至2×103個(gè)/mL,分為兩組(分別加入終濃度1 μg/mL的BSA和重組LIGHTc),接種到含有新鮮DMEM(高糖)完全培養(yǎng)基的96孔板中,每組9孔(3個(gè)孔為一個(gè)平行組),分別于0、24、48 h通過CCK-8試劑盒測定細(xì)胞的相對(duì)數(shù)量(按照操作手冊(cè)進(jìn)行),判定重組LIGHTc是否具有抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞生長的活性。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用Graph Pad Prism 5軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,兩組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 小鼠LIGHT胞外段表達(dá)質(zhì)粒構(gòu)建 分別以小鼠脾臟、血液、肝臟和皮膚總cDNA為模板,PCR擴(kuò)增小鼠LIGHT胞外段編碼序列,見圖1A。目的產(chǎn)物經(jīng)純化出除鹽后,通過BamHI和NotI雙酶切后連入原核表達(dá)載體pGEX4T-1,得到表達(dá)質(zhì)粒pGEX4T-1-LIGHTc。pGEX4T-1-LIGHTc分別經(jīng)BamHI/NotI和ApaI限制性內(nèi)切酶消化驗(yàn)證,產(chǎn)生條帶為549 bp/4 940 bp和2 241 bp/3 248 bp,見圖1B,測序無誤后用于后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
2.2 小鼠LIGHT胞外段異源表達(dá)純化及鑒定 測序無誤LIGHT表達(dá)質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)化至大腸桿菌表達(dá)菌株BL21后,菌液PCR篩選得到1號(hào)陽性轉(zhuǎn)化子(圖2A)。
IPTG誘導(dǎo)陽性轉(zhuǎn)化子及陰性對(duì)照(圖2B),菌體超聲破碎后的上清中含有較大量的可溶型誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)蛋白(46 kDa)。Western blot檢測上清中重組蛋白的存在(圖2B),對(duì)照上清呈現(xiàn)GST陽性(26 kDa),重組蛋白表達(dá)菌株上清中檢測到融合GST的46 kDa重組蛋白,表明上清中含有大量GST-LIGHTc蛋白。上清蛋白樣品經(jīng)GST親和純化柱結(jié)合及洗滌后,得到較純的GST-LIGHTc重組蛋白(圖2C)。
2.3 LIGHTc 活性檢測 利用凝血酶對(duì)結(jié)合在親和純化樹脂上的GST-LIGHTc進(jìn)行消化(圖3A),經(jīng)凝血酶處理后得到了游離的可溶型LIGHT單體(20 kDa)。用終濃度1 μg/mL的LIGHTc處理CMT93細(xì)胞,分別在處理0、24、48 h時(shí)測定細(xì)胞的相對(duì)存活數(shù)。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中制備的LIGHTc能夠明顯抑制CMT93增殖,異源表達(dá)所制備的可溶型LIGHTc是具有生物學(xué)活性的,見圖3B和表1。
3 討論
LIGHT屬于TNF超家族,在機(jī)體各組織器官中均有表達(dá),并在成熟的T細(xì)胞和未成熟的樹突狀細(xì)胞中高表達(dá),LIGHT參與多種生物學(xué)過程,如傷口愈合、纖維化、骨骼肌再生、干細(xì)胞分化等。明確LIGHT發(fā)揮作用的機(jī)制,對(duì)于闡明其所參與的生物學(xué)過程將具有重要的推動(dòng)作用。本實(shí)驗(yàn)室前期研究表明LIGHT能夠抑制脂肪前體細(xì)胞的分化,為進(jìn)一步闡明其中的機(jī)制,對(duì)LIGHTc進(jìn)行了大腸桿菌異源表達(dá)純化。本研究通過大腸桿菌異源表達(dá)純化制備了小鼠LIGHT胞外段,經(jīng)凝血酶處理后得到20 kDa大小的游離的可溶型LIGHT單體,與其理論大小一致。結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞增殖實(shí)驗(yàn)表明該蛋白能夠一定程度上抑制結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞的增殖,表明其具有生物學(xué)活性,可用于進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn)中,研究LIGHT抑制脂肪前體細(xì)胞分化及生物學(xué)過程的分子機(jī)制,也將為研究LIGHT調(diào)控其他各種生物學(xué)過程的具體機(jī)制打下良好的材料基礎(chǔ)。
LIGHT以膜蛋白形式存在時(shí)通常以三聚體的形式發(fā)揮作用[18],單體的活性會(huì)有所下降,這可能是本實(shí)驗(yàn)中所制備LIGHTc蛋白對(duì)CMT93增殖抑制不強(qiáng)烈的原因。近期有研究表明,可以將目的蛋白融合人α1(I)膠原蛋白C-前導(dǎo)肽,利用前導(dǎo)肽的三聚體形式使目的蛋白形成三聚體,此法可以極大程度上增加重組蛋白活性[19-21],如Liu等[20]通過將TRAIL融合人α1(I)膠原蛋白
C-前導(dǎo)肽,而將TRAIL制備成三聚體,相比于單體形式,三聚體抑制腫瘤形成的作用成幾十倍的提升。但是,由于LIGHT是一個(gè)Ⅱ型穿膜蛋白,自然狀態(tài)下其N端錨定于細(xì)胞膜上,C端位于胞外,因此采用Liu等[20]的方法,將LIGHTc的C端融合Trimer-tag后,由于空間結(jié)構(gòu)的改變,其活性位點(diǎn)容易被覆蓋,影響其活性。若利用人α1(I)膠原蛋白C-前導(dǎo)肽形成三聚體,將LIGHTc融合在前導(dǎo)肽的C端可能更能夠保證LIGHTc活性的穩(wěn)定,這種表達(dá)方法利用重組蛋白N端的α1(I)膠原蛋白C-前導(dǎo)肽形成三聚體,同時(shí)LIGHTc位于C端,可以最大程度模擬其自然狀態(tài)下的構(gòu)象,因此,推測活性會(huì)更加穩(wěn)定。此外,也可通過生物素化標(biāo)簽的修飾,借助于鏈霉親和素將目的蛋白制成四聚體,以增加其穩(wěn)定性和活性。在LIGHTc的N端融合表達(dá)一個(gè)能夠生物素化的標(biāo)簽,如AVI-tag等,通過體外生物素化處理,使能夠生物素化的標(biāo)簽特異性生物素化,然后借助于鏈霉親和素將重組蛋白聚合成四聚體。
LIGHT蛋白的異源表達(dá)將為后續(xù)研究LIGHT調(diào)控脂肪前體細(xì)胞分化的具體機(jī)制打下良好的材料基礎(chǔ)。通過直接定量添加LIGHT重組蛋白,可從不同時(shí)間或分化階段具體探究其對(duì)脂肪前體細(xì)胞分化的影響及作用機(jī)制,不僅對(duì)闡明脂肪細(xì)胞分化機(jī)制具有重要理論意義,而且對(duì)尋找預(yù)防和治療肥胖的新方法及藥物新靶點(diǎn)也具有長遠(yuǎn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。此外,LIGHT重組蛋白也可以應(yīng)用到模型中,為揭示受LIGHT調(diào)控各種生物學(xué)過程的具體機(jī)制提供有效的材料。
參考文獻(xiàn)
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