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生物信息學(xué)方法分析前列腺癌組織及細(xì)胞系中LMNA基因第七外顯子點(diǎn)突變

2017-12-19 00:52左靈坤陽(yáng)榮輝
關(guān)鍵詞:錯(cuò)義細(xì)胞系磷酸化

左靈坤 陽(yáng)榮輝 馬 慧 周 萍 孔 璐*

(1.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)系,北京 100069;2.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)院生物醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)系,北京 100069)

·基礎(chǔ)研究·

生物信息學(xué)方法分析前列腺癌組織及細(xì)胞系中LMNA基因第七外顯子點(diǎn)突變

左靈坤1陽(yáng)榮輝1馬 慧1周 萍2*孔 璐1*

(1.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院生物化學(xué)與分子生物學(xué)系,北京 100069;2.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)院生物醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)系,北京 100069)

目的探討前列腺癌中核纖層蛋白A/C(lamin A/C,LMNA)基因第七外顯子點(diǎn)突變與LMNA 表達(dá)差異的相關(guān)性。方法采用高通測(cè)序分析了永生化正常前列腺上皮細(xì)胞(RWPE-1)、低侵襲力前列腺癌上皮細(xì)胞(PC-3M-2B4)及高侵襲力前列腺癌上皮細(xì)胞(PC-3M-1E8)LMNA基因的12個(gè)外顯子,識(shí)別出在RWPE-1與PC-3M-1E8細(xì)胞系中C.1159C>CA(p.L387LI)點(diǎn)突變,定位在1號(hào)染色體156106006。為了驗(yàn)證點(diǎn)突變?cè)谇傲邢侔┗颊咧械姆植记闆r,PubMed GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)下載了3組數(shù)據(jù),分別是100例前列腺癌患者石蠟包埋標(biāo)本的總RNA測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)、20例前列腺癌和10例配對(duì)正常組織的轉(zhuǎn)錄組數(shù)據(jù)及21種前列腺正常及癌細(xì)胞株的測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)。在1號(hào)染色體上選取156105950到156106055范圍,設(shè)置比對(duì)序列CTACGCCTG或者NTACGCCTGTCCCCCAGCCC,每次分析比對(duì)長(zhǎng)度為50 nt。同時(shí),利用GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)分析了突變點(diǎn)周圍序列的特點(diǎn)與功能。最后,轉(zhuǎn)染突變質(zhì)粒,蛋白質(zhì)電泳分析LMNA點(diǎn)突變對(duì)LMNA蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)的影響。結(jié)果在所有分析的樣品中,1號(hào)染色體LMNA外顯子7從156106006到156106011的區(qū)域內(nèi),存在2種錯(cuò)義突變形式:C/CA (p.L387LI)、C/CG (p.L387LV)和4種同義突變形式:C/CT (p.L387L)、 C/CA (p.R388R)、C/CT (p.R388R)、C/CG (p.R388R)。前列腺癌按格里森(Gleason score,GS)評(píng)分系統(tǒng)分組,錯(cuò)義突變的總發(fā)生率分別占40%(正常)、11%(GS 5-6)、2%(GS 7)和6%(GS 8-10)。在16種前列腺癌細(xì)胞系和5種前列腺良性細(xì)胞系中,錯(cuò)義突變的總發(fā)生率分別占31% 和60%。此外,還發(fā)現(xiàn)1號(hào)染色體上從156106008到156106066是轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn),常見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子為 PAX5、HEN1 (NHLH1)、HTF、P53、MIF1、COMP1 和 NGFIC (NGF4)。通過(guò)功能聚類分析,這些轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的功能主要集中在染色質(zhì)重組及調(diào)控、RNA代謝過(guò)程的正向調(diào)節(jié)、組蛋白修飾的調(diào)控以及程序性細(xì)胞死亡的負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)等方面。高表達(dá)突變LMNA的細(xì)胞系LMNA及磷酸化LMNA蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)下調(diào)。結(jié)論156106006位點(diǎn)突變多發(fā)生在前列腺正常組織和前列腺良性細(xì)胞株,與LMNA蛋白質(zhì)表達(dá)密切相關(guān),可能是lamin蛋白質(zhì)異源性表達(dá)的機(jī)制之一。

前列腺癌; 核纖層蛋白A/C;突變;生物信息分析

前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)是威脅男性健康的最常見(jiàn)腫瘤之一,在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中其發(fā)病率居男性腫瘤的首位;病死率居男性癌癥病死率第二,僅次于肺癌[1]。核纖層蛋白A/C(lamin A/C,LMNA)是核殼結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白(又稱核纖層)的主要組成成分。它由LMNA基因編碼,其中編碼區(qū)域約24 kb,有12個(gè)外顯子[2]。正常情況下,通過(guò)選擇性剪切拼接,LMNA基因可以編碼產(chǎn)生4 種A型核纖層蛋白(A、A△10、C、C2),其中核纖層蛋白A 和C 是主要的異構(gòu)體。Lamin A/C 的中部是一個(gè)α-螺旋的桿狀結(jié)構(gòu)域,由7 個(gè)重復(fù)的疏水氨基酸序列組成,兩端則由球狀的氨基端和羧基端組成。LaminA/C 的分布具有顯著的組織特異性,T淋巴細(xì)胞及B淋巴細(xì)胞幾乎不表達(dá),一般多表達(dá)于平滑肌及上皮性細(xì)胞。LaminA/C 在DNA復(fù)制、染色質(zhì)錨著、核孔復(fù)合體(nuclear pore complexes)的空間定位、核膜蛋白的結(jié)合及核穩(wěn)定中的作用已得到文獻(xiàn)[3]證實(shí)。LMNA基因及編碼蛋白質(zhì)異??梢鹨唤M人類遺傳病-核纖層蛋白病(laminopathies)[4]。前期研究[5]顯示laminA/C 可增加前列腺癌細(xì)胞遷移及侵襲力;下調(diào)時(shí)可增加前列腺癌細(xì)胞的凋亡率;在前列腺癌組織中表達(dá)顯著差異。目前,尚不知道LMNA表達(dá)差異性的意義。推測(cè)它的表達(dá)差異可能由基因變異引起。本研究中,在采用高通量測(cè)序方法分析3種惡性程度及侵襲力差異的3種前列腺細(xì)胞系(RWPE-1、PC-3M-1E8、PC-3M-2B4)LMNA基因變異的基礎(chǔ)上、進(jìn)一步分析臨床樣品LMNA基因的突變,為揭示LMNA表達(dá)差異性提供實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 材料

永生化正常前列腺上皮細(xì)胞(RWPE-1)、低侵襲力前列腺癌上皮細(xì)胞(PC-3M-2B4)及高侵襲力前列腺癌上皮細(xì)胞(PC-3M-1E8)細(xì)胞系購(gòu)自協(xié)和細(xì)胞庫(kù),RPMI1640、K-SFM培養(yǎng)基及胎牛血清均購(gòu)自美國(guó)Gibco公司,抗生素購(gòu)自上海碧云天公司,Lipofectamine 2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑購(gòu)自美國(guó)Invitrogen 公司,LMNA(ab169532)、磷酸化LMNA多克隆抗體(ab58528)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Abcam公司,蛋白質(zhì)濃度試劑盒購(gòu)自美國(guó)Thermo公司,β-actin抗體購(gòu)于上海依科賽公司,二抗(來(lái)源于兔和羊)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma-Aldrich公司,增強(qiáng)型化學(xué)發(fā)光(enhanced chemiluminescence,ECL)液購(gòu)自美國(guó)Milipore公司,LMNA(p.L387LI)點(diǎn)突變質(zhì)粒購(gòu)自上海生物工程有限公司。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)

RWPE-1培養(yǎng)在K-SFM培養(yǎng)基[含有0.05 mg/mL牛垂體素,5 ng/mL表皮生長(zhǎng)因子,2%(體積分?jǐn)?shù))胎牛血清],PC-3M-1E8和PC-3M-2B4培養(yǎng)在RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基[10%(體積分?jǐn)?shù))胎牛血清],所有培養(yǎng)均添加100 U/mL 青霉素、100 μg/mL 鏈霉素,置于 37 ℃、5% (體積分?jǐn)?shù)) CO2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。

1.2.2 生物信息學(xué)分析點(diǎn)突變的方法

1)數(shù)據(jù)下載:從PubMed GEO數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中下載3組數(shù)據(jù):石蠟包埋前列腺癌RNA測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE54460)、前列腺癌及配對(duì)正常組織的RNA測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù) (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE22260)及前列腺癌細(xì)胞系轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序數(shù)據(jù)(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE25183)。所有下載數(shù)據(jù)中reads的比對(duì)序列為:CTACGCCTG或NTACGCCTGTCCCCCAGCCC。

3)氨基酸及蛋白質(zhì)序列比較分析:在臨床的數(shù)據(jù)中,有兩個(gè)突變位點(diǎn)存在(比細(xì)胞系多一個(gè)),如GAGGAGAGGC(156106006) TACGC(156106011) CTGTCCCCCAGCCCT序列中的灰色顯示。將該序列與編碼氨基酸序列比對(duì),確認(rèn)氨基酸變異位點(diǎn)分別為L(zhǎng)或者R:LDMEIHAYRKLLEGEEERLRLSPSPTSQRSRGRASSHSSQTQGGGSVTKKRK。

1.2.3 質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染

取接種于6 孔板中對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期2 × 105的PC-3M-2B4細(xì)胞進(jìn)行突變質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染。細(xì)胞融合達(dá) 50%~60% 時(shí),操作按Lipofectamine 2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑說(shuō)明書(shū),取對(duì)照質(zhì)粒、突變質(zhì)粒及無(wú)突變質(zhì)粒0.5 μg進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染,6 h 后換成完全培養(yǎng)基,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h 后收集細(xì)胞。

1.2.4 Western blotting

用蛋白裂解液冰上裂解細(xì)胞30 min,在 4 ℃用13 000 r/min離心10 min,取上清即為細(xì)胞總蛋白質(zhì)。蛋白質(zhì)定量后,調(diào)整濃度為一致,加入5×上樣緩沖液,95 ℃煮沸5 min,于-20 ℃保存。取50 μg蛋白質(zhì)樣品聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳,轉(zhuǎn)至聚偏氟乙烯膜,將膜在含有5%(質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù))脫脂牛奶的PBST中室溫封閉1 h,隨后分別加入兔抗LMNA和磷酸化LMNA一抗(均為1∶3 000),4 ℃孵育過(guò)夜,PBST洗滌后加入相應(yīng)二抗(1∶10 000),室溫孵育1 h,PBST洗滌后用化學(xué)發(fā)光試劑檢測(cè)結(jié)果。

1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

2 結(jié)果

2.1 細(xì)胞系中LMNA點(diǎn)突變(p.L387LI)結(jié)構(gòu)分析

測(cè)序識(shí)別出在RWPE-1與PC-3M-1E8中有一個(gè)很低的突變峰,顯示在圖1A藍(lán)色框內(nèi)。計(jì)算機(jī)與氨基酸序列比對(duì),發(fā)現(xiàn)突變序列位于LMNA剪接位點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)域和氨基酸成分低復(fù)雜性區(qū)域(amino acid low compositional complexity region,LCR,http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/),詳見(jiàn)圖1B、1C和1D。LMNA突變 p.L387LI 剛好發(fā)生在靠近磷酸化修飾區(qū)域(圖1E)。

2.2 分析GEO 下載的3組數(shù)據(jù)中LMNA點(diǎn)突變(p.L387LI)

在分析chr1:156105950-156106055的數(shù)據(jù)中,發(fā)現(xiàn)存在2種錯(cuò)義突變形式:C/CA (p.L387LI)、C/CG (p.L387LV) 和4種同義突變形式:C/CT (p.L387L)、 C/CA (p.R388R)、C/CT (p.R388R)、C/CG (p.R388R)。依據(jù)前列腺癌Gleason分級(jí)系統(tǒng),調(diào)查L(zhǎng)MNA點(diǎn)突變與癌癥惡性程度的關(guān)聯(lián)性。有趣的是,惡性程度越高,錯(cuò)義突變率反而降低,如錯(cuò)義突變的總發(fā)生率分別占40%(正常)、11%[格里森(Gleason score,GS)5~6]、2%(GS 7)和 6%(GS 8~10)(表1),采用Pearsonχ2檢驗(yàn)組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001);GS 5~6與正常組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.074)。GS 7與正常組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001);GS 8~10與正常組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.028),和細(xì)胞系發(fā)生的趨勢(shì)是一致的,在16種前列腺癌細(xì)胞系和5種前列腺良性細(xì)胞系中,錯(cuò)義突變的總發(fā)生率分別占31% 和 60%(表2),但2類細(xì)胞系的χ2檢驗(yàn)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.248)。

2.3 對(duì)突變位點(diǎn)附近結(jié)合的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子進(jìn)行功能聚類分析

在前列腺數(shù)據(jù)中檢查到常見(jiàn)的2個(gè)突變位點(diǎn),156106006和156106011,其中156106006距離轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)僅有一個(gè)堿基的距離。因此,進(jìn)一步分析了結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的種類,詳見(jiàn)圖2。這些轉(zhuǎn)錄因子主要負(fù)調(diào)控程序性細(xì)胞死亡及組蛋白修飾等。

圖1 LMNA突變位點(diǎn)的分析Fig.1 LMNA mutation in p.L387LI was identified

A:Mutation peak picture of sequence analysis of PCR products generated from RWPE-1 and 1E8.B:Amino acid sequence ofHomosapienslamin A/C from NCBI/nucleotide,sequence ID: ref(NM_170707.3).C:p.387 ofLMNAlocated on the amino acid low complexity region by analysis at http://smart.embl-heidelberg.de/.D:Low complexity region of p.387 is connected to the region between two major domains of the LMA protein,indexed by CDD tools from the Conserved Domain Database of NCBI.Parameters were set in CDD version 3.11.Expected value of threshold: 0.01.E: LMNA mutation p.L387LI occurred near phosphorylated regions from http://ptmcode.embl.de/index.cgi.LMNA:lamin A/C.

表1 突變位點(diǎn)(chr1:156105950~156106055) 與前列腺癌GS分級(jí)關(guān)聯(lián)性研究Tab.1 The association analysis between mutation site (chr1:156105950~156106055) and GS

GS:Geason score;Rate of missense mutation=total missense mutation cases/total cases.

表2 細(xì)胞系前列腺細(xì)胞系突變位點(diǎn) (chr1:156105950~156106055) 分析Tab.2 Cell lines mutation site (chr1:156105950-156106055) analysis

+: mutation.

圖2 分析結(jié)合在突變位點(diǎn)附近的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子及功能聚類Fig.2 Functional cluster analysis of the transcription factor (TF) near mutation sequence

A (156106008) is TF start binding site;there is only 1 base for a TF binding start site away from the mutation C site (156106006).The common TFs in this region are PAX5,HEN1 (NHLH1),HTF,P53,MIF1,COMP1 and NGFIC (NGF4).By functional cluster analysis,the functions of these TFs focus on chromatin organization,positive regulation of RNA metabolic process,regulation of histone modification,regulation of chromosome organization and negative regulation of programmed cell death.

2.4 LMNA點(diǎn)突變(p.L387LI)降低了LMNA及磷酸化LMNA的表達(dá)水平

在PC-3M-2B4轉(zhuǎn)染了帶綠色熒光蛋白(green fluorescence protein,GFP)的質(zhì)粒,用LMNA和GFP抗體共同孵育,顯示100 000左右的突變質(zhì)粒表達(dá)的蛋白,70 000野生型的LMNA蛋白,突變顯示轉(zhuǎn)染效率達(dá)到50%左右(圖3A)。Western blotting顯示突變組LMNA蛋白及磷酸化蛋白表達(dá)均下調(diào)(圖3B)。

圖3 PC-3M-2B4細(xì)胞中LMNA p.387 突變對(duì)蛋白表達(dá)的影響Fig.3 Expression effects of LMNA p.387 mutation in PC-3M-2B4 cells

A:PC-3M-2B4 cells in 6-well plates were transiently transfected withLMNAcDNA M387-GFP plasmid or LMNA cDNA-GFP,and negative control GFP tag vector for 48 hours and transfection efficiency was evaluated by Western blotting analysis with a monoclonal antibody raised against GFP (left) and fluorescence microscopy (right).B:LMNAp.387 mutation affects the expression of endogenous lamin A/C,plamin A/C in PC-3M-2B4 cells detected by Western blotting.The right side shows semi-quantification results plot by Image J software.*P<0.05,**P<0.01vscontrols;#P<0.05vsLMNAcDNA-GFP;LMNA:lamin A/C.

3 討論

前列腺癌發(fā)現(xiàn)晚,并且難以治療的根本原因在于其生物學(xué)行為高度異質(zhì)性,癌變不同階段分子生物學(xué)特征差異明顯,難以準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)。因此研究前列腺癌異質(zhì)性的分子機(jī)制,鑒定前列腺癌始發(fā)、轉(zhuǎn)移的標(biāo)志分子,是準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測(cè)前列腺癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展的核心。除了早期報(bào)道LMNA表達(dá)異常可能是胃癌[6]、結(jié)腸癌[7]、肺癌[8]等的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)標(biāo)志物[9],2016年最新報(bào)道,LMNA的缺失及剪接體的異常改變還可能是宮頸癌[10]、乳腺癌[11]的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)標(biāo)志物。本課題組自前期研究[5]中,采用免疫組織化學(xué)方法分析了376 例前列腺上皮增生及前列腺癌的組織芯片,發(fā)現(xiàn)有趣的現(xiàn)象:LMNA在不同的前列腺組織中表達(dá)明顯差異性,即前列腺增生的上皮組織中高表達(dá);Gleason 評(píng)分低的癌組織中低表達(dá);Gleason 評(píng)分高的癌組織中高表達(dá),并且集中高表達(dá)于腫瘤區(qū)域的被膜下、神經(jīng)管周圍、腺管周圍、轉(zhuǎn)移至精囊及淋巴結(jié)的癌組織,腫瘤團(tuán)塊的中央?yún)^(qū)域表達(dá)卻明顯減少,這種異質(zhì)性表達(dá)的原因直到目前尚未清楚。

LMNA基因缺失或者突變與人類一些遺傳性疾病相關(guān),被稱為核纖層異常病(laminopathies)。除此,日本科學(xué)家[12]報(bào)道,LMNA啟動(dòng)子-1030 的C/T多態(tài)性與日本人動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化,LMNA 1908 的C/T多態(tài)與腦血管病密切相關(guān)。因此,在本課題組實(shí)驗(yàn)中設(shè)計(jì)了高通測(cè)序方法研究了3種細(xì)胞系中LMNA基因的改變情況。結(jié)果表明,在 RWPE-1 和1E8 細(xì)胞中發(fā)現(xiàn)了 LMNA 突變 p.L387LI,而1E8 中顯示了微弱的突變峰值。為了獲得這個(gè)突變位點(diǎn)更有意義的臨床價(jià)值,在隨后大數(shù)據(jù)樣品的分析中,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)p.387 位于 LMNA 的剪接結(jié)構(gòu)域 與氨基酸組成低復(fù)雜區(qū) (low complexity regions,LCRs),兩個(gè)主要結(jié)構(gòu)域之間的連接區(qū)域。而且,距離磷酸化結(jié)構(gòu)域僅有5個(gè)氨基酸的距離。另外,這個(gè)位點(diǎn)距離最近的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合起始位點(diǎn)只有1個(gè)堿基的距離,這些轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的功能主要集中在調(diào)控染色質(zhì)及表觀調(diào)控和細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)等重要細(xì)胞功能上。LCRs這種區(qū)域在蛋白質(zhì)中是普遍存在的。迄今為止,關(guān)于人類 LCRs 功能的研究很少。據(jù)報(bào)道[13],LCRs 可導(dǎo)致人類免疫缺陷病毒gp120蛋白(HIV-1 gp120 protein)高度可變。Lamin A的分布受蛋白不同區(qū)域特殊位點(diǎn)的磷酸化影響[14]。LMNA磷酸化則是促進(jìn)核有絲分裂破裂的關(guān)鍵事件。1993年,Haas等[15]報(bào)道了LMNA氨基酸殘基Thr-19/Ser-392 和 Ser-22/Ser-392位點(diǎn)共同磷酸化調(diào)節(jié)有絲分裂中LMNA的解離,但當(dāng)在磷酸化結(jié)構(gòu)域側(cè)翼區(qū)核定位信號(hào)中的Ser-403/Ser-404兩個(gè)位點(diǎn)突變,64%的細(xì)胞則出現(xiàn)抑制突變的LMNA運(yùn)輸回到細(xì)胞核內(nèi)。因此,提出了LMNA磷酸化與核定位相關(guān)?;谏鲜?筆者推斷,在前列腺組織中在LMNA中這個(gè)區(qū)域很重要,然而這個(gè)區(qū)域存在很多可變位點(diǎn)。有趣的是,在dbSNP數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)LMNA 387或388突變實(shí)際上是一個(gè)單核苷酸變異(single nucleotide variation,SNV,序列號(hào):rs267607562 和 rs58133342)。PolyPhen-2軟件預(yù)測(cè)387位點(diǎn)突變是有危害性的。

最為有趣的是,從chr1中156105950~156106055范圍,僅有105 bp的區(qū)域內(nèi),在前列腺組織與細(xì)胞中,就發(fā)現(xiàn)了6種變異形式,2種錯(cuò)義突變C/CA (p.L387LI)、C/CG (p.L387LV) 和4種同義突變C/CT (p.L387L)、 C/CA (p.R388R)、C/CT (p.R388R)、C/CG (p.R388R)。盡管錯(cuò)義突變高發(fā)在正常前列腺組織及良性細(xì)胞系,也不能否認(rèn)它在癌變機(jī)制中的作用,而且錯(cuò)義突變可以影響到LMNA和磷酸化LMNA蛋白的表達(dá),從而影響其功能,同樣也不能否認(rèn)同義突變的意義,這需要未來(lái)臨床研究中進(jìn)一步功能驗(yàn)證。

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[4] Dutta S,Bhattacharyya M,Sengupta K.Implications and assessment of the elastic behavior of lamins in laminopathies[J].Cells,2016,5(4):E37.

[5] Kong L,Sch?fer G,Bu H,et al.Lamin A/C protein is overexpressed in tissue-invading prostate cancer and promotes prostate cancer cell growth,migration and invasion through the PI3K/AKT/PTEN pathway[J].Carcinogenesis,2012,33(4):751-759.

[6] Kermorgant S,Cadiot G,Lewin M J,et al.Expression of hepatocyte growth factor and its receptor,C-Met in human digestive tissues and different gastric and colonic cancer cell lines[J].Gastroenterol Clin Biol,1996,20(5):438-445.

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[8] Kaufmann S H,Mabry M,Jasti R,et al.Differential expression of nuclear envelope lamins A and C in human lung cancer cell lines[J].Cancer Res,1991,51(2):581-586.

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Bioinformaticsanalysisaboutpointmutationofexon7inLMNAinprostatetissuesandcelllines

Zuo Lingkun1,Yang Ronghui1,Ma Hui1,Zhou Ping2*,Kong Lu1*

(1.DepartmentofBiochemistryandMolecularBiology,SchoolofMedicalSciences,CapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing100069,China;2.DepartmentofBioinformatics,BiomedicalEngineeringInstitute,CapitalMedicalUniversity,Beijing100069,China)

ObjectiveOur research focuses on investigating the associations between point mutation of exon 7 inLMNAand its expression in prostate cancer.MethodsA lamin A/C (LMNA) genomic missense variation C.1159C>CA (p.L387LI,located chr1: 156106006),identified by DNA sequencing for all 12 exons ofLMNA,in HPV-immobilized normal epithelium(RWPE-1)and high-invasive prostate cancer cell line(PC-3M-1E8)models was recognized.To verify these point mutations in prostate cancer patients,we downloaded three group data from PubMed GEO datasets,respectively from global RNA sequencing data,paraffin-embedded (FFPE) prostatectomy samples from 100 patients,from the transcriptome (polyA+) data of 20 prostate cancer tumors and 10 matched normal tissues and from sequencing data from 21 prostate cell lines.All reads were selected on the range from 156105950 to 156106055 on chr1 and these reads were aligned with CTACGCCTG or NTACGCCTGTCCCCCAGCCC.The length of reads analyzed is 50 nt for one time.Further,we analyzed the function of the sequence around the mutation point using GEO database.At last,we analyzed the effects ofLMNAmutation by Western blotting in transfected mutation plasmid cells.ResultsWe found that missense mutation has two forms of C/CA (p.L387LI) and C/CG (p.L387LV),however same-sense mutation has four forms of C/CT (p.L387L),C/CA (p.R388R),C/CT (p.R388R) and C/CG (p.R388R) in the range from 156106006 to 156106011 of exon 7 of chr1 inLMNAfrom samples or cell lines.However,the incidence of missense mutation accounted for respectively 40%,11%,2% and 6% in normal,Gleason score 5-6,7 and 8-10 of patient samples.In 16 prostate cancer cell lines and 5 prostate benign cell lines,the incidence of missense mutation accounted for respectively 31% and 60% in cancer and benign cell lines.In addition,this sequence from 156106008 to 156106066 on chr1 was transcription factors (TFs) binding site;The common TFs in this region were PAX5,HEN1 (NHLH1),HTF,P53,MIF1,COMP1 and NGFIC (NGF4).By functional cluster analysis,the function of these TFs focuses on chromatin organization,positive regulation of RNA metabolic process,regulation of histone modification,regulation of chromosome organization and negative regulation of programmed cell death.Mutation led to a downregulation of in LMNA and phosphor-LMNA expression levels.ConclusionMissense mutation incidence of 156106006 on chr1 in both prostate cancer tissues and prostate cancer cell lines is lower than that of prostate normal tissue and prostate benign cell lines.It is possible to have relationship between the mutation and expression level or a heterogeneous expression pattern of LMNA.

prostate cancer;lamin A/C (LMNA);mutation;bioinformatics analysis

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81272406,81672834),北京市教育委員會(huì)科技計(jì)劃面上項(xiàng)目(KM201510025009)。This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81272406,81672834),Scientific Research Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (KM201510025009).

*Corresponding authors,E-mail:konglu@ccmu.edu.cn,wjzpwyz@163.com

時(shí)間:2017-12-13 21∶25

http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.3662.R.20171213.2125.056.html

10.3969/j.issn.1006-7795.2017.06.021]

R329.2

2017-07-12)

編輯 孫超淵

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