郭麗娜,張國林,任有蛇,姜玉鎖,劉文忠,張春香
(山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 動物科技學(xué)院,山西 太谷 030801)
β防御素104a在不同日齡雄性山羊睪丸與 附睪中的定位及表達特性
郭麗娜,張國林,任有蛇,姜玉鎖,劉文忠,張春香*
(山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué) 動物科技學(xué)院,山西 太谷 030801)
[目的]為了研究不同發(fā)育階段晉蘭絨山羊睪丸及附睪中β防御素104a (goat Beta-Defensins 104a, gBD104a)表達的特性。[方法]采用免疫組化法對絨山羊公羊睪丸和附睪中的gBD104a進行表達定位。[結(jié)果]免疫組化染色結(jié)果顯示:在山羊睪丸的支持細胞、精母細胞、生精細胞、精子細胞中檢測到的gBD104a陽性信號非常弱,且在120日齡以前,隨著日齡的增加,山羊睪丸的gBD104a表達量逐漸增加,之后則隨著日齡的增加而逐漸降低;在山羊附睪的柱狀上皮細胞、附睪管腔游離端的纖毛細胞、管腔液中檢測到的gBD104a陽性信號較強。 對免疫組化結(jié)果進行光密度值分析顯示不同發(fā)育階段附睪不同片段表達量順序均是:附睪體 > 附睪頭 > 附睪尾,且差異顯著(P<0.05)。附睪體中g(shù)BD104a表達隨著月齡的增加而增加,而附睪頭中g(shù)BD104a表達則是在150日齡是達到高峰,隨后日齡增加而降低;附睪尾gBD104a表達趨勢與睪丸表達趨勢的相似即:是在150日齡是達到高峰,隨后日齡增加而降低。附睪精子免疫熒光結(jié)果顯示,gBD104a定位在精子頭部頂體、頸部和尾部主段。[結(jié)論]山羊睪丸和附睪中g(shù)BD104a表達具有時空特異性。附睪體可能是gBD104a與精子發(fā)生作用的部位。包裹在精子頂體部位的gBD104a可能與精子獲能或頂體反應(yīng)相關(guān),其gBD104a功能需進一步深入研究。
gBD104a; 不同發(fā)育階段; 免疫組化; 山羊
生物素/HRP標記的Mouse Anti-Rabbit二抗、DAB顯色試劑盒(黃色)、即用型SABC免疫組化試劑盒購自武漢博士德;Rabbit Anti-gBD104a多克隆抗體購自北京天成新脈;其他試劑均為國產(chǎn)分析純。
選用健康的、體重相近的剛出生的24只晉嵐絨山羊公羔,隨著日齡變化,分別為出生后7 d、30 d、60 d、90 d、120 d、150 d、180 d、270 d共8組,每組3只采樣,供試山羊均由山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動物科技試驗站羊場提供。將山羊閹割處理,從每只山羊的睪丸、附睪頭、附睪體和附睪尾的相同部位采集組織樣品,4%多聚甲醛固定12~24 h后進行濃度梯度脫水、石蠟包埋、切片,將切片置于-20 ℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?只成年公羊附睪精子采集:將附睪用剪刀剪碎置于0.01 mol·L-1(pH 7.4)PBS中,3 000 g離心20 min,棄上清,4%多聚甲醛固定沉淀30 min,3 000 g離心20 min,棄上清,PBS洗滌2次,3 000 g離心20 min,棄上清,PBS重懸,調(diào)整精子濃度至40×109~50×109后涂片,室溫晾干,用于免疫熒光。
1.3.1 免疫組化分析
將上述8個不同發(fā)育階段的附睪和睪丸組織的石蠟切片從-20 ℃冰箱取出,60 ℃烤片60 min后脫蠟至水,切片至于枸緣酸中加熱煮沸修復(fù),冷卻至室溫后加3%H2O2室溫封閉20 min去除內(nèi)源性過氧化物酶,滴加一抗Rabbit Anti-gBD104a,滴加PBS用作陰性對照,4 ℃過夜孵育12 h,37 ℃復(fù)溫45 min,滴加二抗37 ℃孵育30 min,DAB顯色,蘇木素復(fù)染,封片,鏡檢。
1.3.2 精子免疫熒光
4%多聚甲醛固定精子涂片30~45 min,按免疫組化步驟到復(fù)溫,滴加綠色熒光二抗孵育,鏡鑒。
1.3.3 圖像觀察與分析
每張組織石蠟切片選擇在400倍視野(Olympus BX52)下成像,采用Image Pro Plus 6.0軟件對圖像進行分析,測量計算陽性染色的組織區(qū)域(AOI)的光密度值(OD),根據(jù)計算公式:Mean density=(OD SUM)/(AOI SUM),計算陽性染色的平均光密度,進行定量分析。
1.3.4 統(tǒng)計分析
平均光密度值用Mean±SEM表示,gBD104在不同月齡山羊睪丸和附睪中中的表達強度采用LSD進行顯著性比較,差異顯著用P<0.05表示。
gBD104在不同發(fā)育時期山羊附睪頭、體、尾中的免疫組化陽性結(jié)果呈現(xiàn)棕黃色(圖1),在正常山羊附睪頭、體、尾和睪丸中均有不同程度表達。從圖1中可以看出,在7 d的附睪頭、體、尾上皮細胞未分化的低柱狀細胞和凹凸不平的游離端檢測到陽性信號,此時沒有微纖毛,細胞核在整個胞漿中所占的比例較大。60 d和90 d的附睪管上皮細胞開始出現(xiàn)明顯的分化,細胞呈桿柱狀,游離端出現(xiàn)少量短而粗的微纖毛,管腔增大,90 d的附睪尾管腔出現(xiàn)精子,在柱狀上皮細胞、游離端纖毛和管腔液中檢測到陽性信號。120 d時附睪上皮層明顯增厚,上皮細胞呈現(xiàn)單層高柱狀,游離端微纖毛發(fā)達,較60、90 d時細長而彎曲,胞漿大量增加,管腔明顯增大且出現(xiàn)大量精子,管腔液增多,管壁外層被薄層平滑肌環(huán)繞,在柱狀上皮細胞、游離端纖毛和管腔液中檢測到陽性信號。150 d時附睪上皮又變薄,上皮細胞也呈單層柱狀,管腔繼續(xù)增大,管腔內(nèi)的精子量較120 d時更多,結(jié)締組織也變得致密,管腔內(nèi)陽性信號較強。180、270 d時附睪上皮繼續(xù)變薄,頂部纖毛清晰可見,管腔進一步變大,腔內(nèi)存有附睪分泌物及精子。在柱狀上皮細胞、纖毛和管腔液中的陽性信號減弱。
gBD104在山羊不同發(fā)育時期睪丸中的定位結(jié)果見圖1。由圖1可知,7 d時睪丸曲細精管呈現(xiàn)空心管狀,只有單層精原細胞構(gòu)成,60 d時睪丸曲精細管增厚、直徑變大,在這兩個時期的支持細胞、原始生精細胞和間質(zhì)細胞中檢測到陽性信號。90 d時睪丸曲精細管繼續(xù)增厚、直徑繼續(xù)變大,在精原細胞、支持細胞和間質(zhì)細胞中檢測到陽性信號。120 d時睪丸曲精細管內(nèi)靠近管腔處出現(xiàn)初級精母細胞,且在初級精母細胞上檢測到陽性信號。150 d時管內(nèi)空腔化更加明顯,睪丸曲精細管直徑進一步增大,靠近管腔處出現(xiàn)圓形精子細胞,管腔內(nèi)出現(xiàn)長形的精子,陽性信號減弱。180 d時曲精細管直徑及生精細胞組成類型與150 d時類似。270 d時睪丸的曲精管直徑和管內(nèi)細胞類型與180 d時相似,陽性信號微弱。
gBD104在不同發(fā)育時期附睪頭、體、尾和睪丸中的免疫組化染色結(jié)果使用圖像分析軟件Image Pro Plus 6.0分析免疫反應(yīng)陽性產(chǎn)物的光密度值,結(jié)果如表1所示:不同月齡山羊附睪體中g(shù)BD104蛋白表達量顯著高于附睪頭、附睪尾和睪丸中的表達量(P<0.05)。附睪體中g(shù)BD104蛋白的表達隨著發(fā)育階段表達量逐漸增加的現(xiàn)象(P<0.05)。而附睪頭中g(shù)BD104a表達則是在5月齡是達到高峰,隨后月齡增加而降低;附睪尾gBD104a表達趨勢與睪丸表達趨勢的相似。且對不同組織進行比較可以看出:附睪體和附睪頭中的表達量較多,而附睪尾和睪丸中的表達量極微弱,即附睪體>附睪頭>附睪尾>睪丸。
黃綠色熒光為陽性表達(圖2)。gBD104結(jié)合于精子頭部頂體、頸部和尾部主段,呈現(xiàn)較強的綠色熒光(圖2A)。
防御素是宿主執(zhí)行免疫防御能力的細胞所分泌的、具有殺滅微生物活性和消除細胞毒性的小分子多肽的作用。近來,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)β-防御素在雄性生殖系統(tǒng)大量表達且與精子成熟過程相關(guān)。Scott等[28]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)β-防御素家族的成員中有29個基因在大鼠和小鼠的睪丸和附睪不同部分的呈現(xiàn)出區(qū)域特異表達特性。Morrison等[14]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Defb13、Defb15、Defb35在小鼠睪丸和附睪呈區(qū)域性表達的特性,且這種表達特性與附睪上皮的成熟及相關(guān)基因調(diào)控因子的表達密切相關(guān)。Yenu等[16]的研究表明,大鼠β-防御素基因Defb21、Defb24、Defb27、Defb30 和Defb36在附睪頭、體、尾均有表達。人β-防御素hBD5、hBD6、hBD105、hBD114、hBD118、hBD119、hBD120、hBD121、hBD123、hBD125、hBD128在睪丸和附睪中表達[23~25]。 Anastasiadou M等[29]在研究沙門氏菌對雞β-防御素和Toll樣受體在生長周期中的影響及附睪中β-防御素的表達規(guī)律時發(fā)現(xiàn),在性成熟前后,β-防御素在雞附睪中的表達都受不同程度的調(diào)控。綿羊β-防御素Deft124 mRNA在睪丸、附睪中的表達也呈現(xiàn)區(qū)域特異性其中在附睪頭和附睪尾中大量表達,附睪體和睪丸中表達量很少,且在2、3、6、12月齡附睪頭中的表達量呈現(xiàn)出遞增的趨勢,說明其在綿羊生殖組織中的表達表現(xiàn)出明顯的組織依賴性和時間依賴性[26]。本課題組前期在研究gBD104amRNA在成年山羊全身個組織的表達特性時發(fā)現(xiàn),gBD104a在全身個組織中均有不同程度的表達,且在附睪體和附睪頭中的表達量最高,此外在分泌活動旺盛的上皮組織氣管和消化道中表達量也較高。同時用免疫熒光對其在成年山羊生殖組織中的定位結(jié)果顯示gBD104a在附睪柱狀上皮細胞和纖毛中檢測到大量陽性信號,在睪丸中只有微弱的陽性信號,且包裹在精子頭部頂體和尾部中端線粒體表面。說明了gBD104a具有β-防御素的生殖和免疫調(diào)節(jié)的雙重作用,在生殖器官中的高表達說明了gBD104a可能參與了精子成熟過程[27]。本研究免疫組化結(jié)果顯示:不同日齡山羊附睪體中g(shù)BD104蛋白表達量顯著高于附睪 頭、附睪尾和睪丸中的表達量(P>0.05)。附睪體中g(shù)BD104蛋白的表達隨著發(fā)育階段表達量逐漸增加的現(xiàn)象(P>0.05)。而附睪頭中g(shù)BD104a表達則是在5月齡是達到高峰,隨后月齡增加而降低;附睪尾gBD104a表達趨勢與睪丸表達趨勢的相似。且對不同組織進行比較可以看出:附睪體和附睪頭中的表達量較多,而附睪尾和睪丸中的表達量極微弱,即附睪體>附睪頭>附睪尾>睪丸。與之前本課題組在mRNA表達水平上和免疫熒光定位的研究結(jié)果一致[27],且在不同的發(fā)育時期山羊附睪頭、體、尾中均有陽性信號產(chǎn)物,也顯示區(qū)域表達的特異性,說明其可能在精子成熟過程中發(fā)揮重要的作用。短尾猴DEFB126/ESP13.2結(jié)合在整個精子頭部并參與精子獲能[15],還具有保護精子免受精子抗體識別和結(jié)合的作用[20]。大鼠Bin1b結(jié)合在精子頭部使精子獲得向前運動的能力[15]。下調(diào)大鼠Defb15可以引起精子運動能力缺陷而導(dǎo)致雄性大鼠生育力下降[17]。本研究采用免疫熒光法檢測了gBD104a在山羊附睪精子中的定位,結(jié)果與本課題組前期在山羊射到體外的精子上的定位結(jié)果一致[27]。在精子不同部位的表達特點表明了其在附睪頭、體、尾運行中的各種變化與gBD104a相關(guān),它與附睪內(nèi)微環(huán)境之間通過相互作用,改變了精子表面的結(jié)構(gòu),對精子獲得運動和受精能力起調(diào)控作用。
圖1 gBD104在不同發(fā)育時期附睪頭、體、尾和睪丸中的免疫組化定位Fig.1 Immunohistochemical localization of gBD104 in caput, corpus, cauda of epididymis and testis from different developmental stages 注:Caput、Corpus、Cauda、Testis分別為附睪頭、體、尾和睪丸。 A-H:代表7、30、60、90、120、150、180、270 d 8個不同發(fā)育時期附睪頭、體、尾和睪丸免疫組化陽性結(jié)果(400×,圖中以▲表示陽性表達產(chǎn)物),a-h: 代表7、30、60、90、120、150、180、270 d 8個不同發(fā)育時期附睪頭、體、尾和睪丸免疫組化陰性結(jié)果(400×,圖中以△表示陰性表達產(chǎn)物)。Note: Caput, Corpus, Cauda, and Testis were epididymis head, body, tail, and testis. A-H stands for 8 different developmental stages from 7, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 to 270 d of of the caput, corpus, cauda of the epididymis and testis immunohistochemistry positive results on the left (Size: 400×, the positive expression product showed with ▲ in the picture). a-h stands for 8 different developmental stages from 7, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 to 270 d of of the caput, corpus, cauda of the epididymis and testis immunohistochemistry negative results on the right (Size: 400×, the negative expression product showed with △ in the picture).
Table1 Coparison of sataing intensity of gBD104 immunoreaction in caput, corpus, cauda of epididymis and testis from different developmental stages (Mean±SEM)
平均光密度值(Mean±SEM)Averageopticaldensity7d30d60d90d120d150d180d270dCap128±034Bf196±019BCe270±031Bd376±013Bc427±025Bb566±037Ba152±027Bef106±019BgCor181±001Af438±002Ae489±013Ae854±041Ad897±028Ad1429±024Ac1678±027Ab1785±028AaCou024±018Cb026±036Cb069±021Ca025±032Cb064±025Ca021±017Cb012±036BCc011±024BCcT003±032Dcd005±028Dc009±035Dc011±043Dab017±0+33Da014±023Cab008±013Cc006±034Cc
注:Cap:附睪頭 Cor:附睪體 Cau:附睪尾 T:睪丸. 同一列上不同大寫字母差異顯著(P<0.05);同一行上不同小寫字母差異顯著(P<0.05)。
Note: Cap: Epididymidal caput, Cor: Epididymidal corpus, Cau: Epididymidal cauda, T: Testes The different captical letters were significantly different in the same line; the different small letters were significantly different in the same row
圖2 gBD104在附睪精子中的表達Fig.2 Immunofluorescence of gBD104 in Epididymal sperm 注:A:為陽性結(jié)果 a:為陰性結(jié)果(400×)Note:A:The positive result a:The negative results(Size: 400×)
gBD104a在出生后7、30、60、90、120、150、180、270 d不同發(fā)育時期的山羊睪丸和附睪中均有表達,具有時空特異性。gBD104a在附睪體中的高表達揭示附睪體可能是gBD104a與精子發(fā)生作用的主要部位。包裹在精子頂體部位的gBD104a可能與精子獲能或頂體反應(yīng)相關(guān),但gBD104a的具體功能需進一步深入研究。
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LocalizationandexpressioncharacterofBeta-Defensins104aindifferentdaysofmalegoattestisandepididymis
GuoLi′na,ZhangGuolin,RenYoushe,JiangYusuo,LiuWenzhong,ZhangChunxiang*
(CollegeofAnimalScienceandVeterinaryMedicine,ShanxiAgriculturalUniversity,Taigu030801,China)
[Objective]This study was conducted to investigate the protein expression level of gBD104a in testis and epididymis of Jinlan Cashmere Goat at different developmental stages.[Methods]Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the location of gBD104a both in testis and epididymis of Cashmere Goat.[Results]Immunohistochemistry result showed that a positive reaction was found in Sertoli cells, spermatogenic cells, spermid and columnar epithelial cells, ciliated cells and luminal fluid of epididymis; The result of immunohistochemistry were analyzed by optical density value showed that the order of the expression level of different parts of epididymis in different development stages was corpus>caput>cauda of epididymis, which had a significant difference (P<0.05). The expression of gBD104a in corpus increased with the days of age, and the expression level of gBD104a in caput reached the peak in 150 days old bucks. The expression of gBD104a cauda had same tendency with that in the testis: the expression level of gBD104a in caput reached the peak in 150 days old bucks. Immunofluorescence result showed that the acrosome of sperm head, neck, and the principal piece of end had positive reaction.[Conclusion]gBD104a differentially expressed in testis and epididymis of goats by the spatio-temporal. specificity. Corpus could be the functional part between gBD104a and spermatogenesis. gBD104a coated in the sperm acrosome site could associate with capacitation or acrosome reaction of sperm, which studies on gBD104a’s function still need to be done.
gBD104a, Different developmental stages, Immunohistochemistry, Goat
S81
A
1671-8151(2017)12-0866-06
2017-08-11
2017-09-04
郭麗娜(1987-),女(漢),河南安陽人,博士研究生,研究方向:動物繁殖調(diào)控
*通信作者:張春香,副教授,Tel:0354-6285990;E-mail:zhchx66@126.com
山西省科技攻關(guān)計劃項目(20110311029;20130311025-2)
張莉)