胡靜, 錢(qián)煒, 李紅, 李琪
川崎病患兒急性期單核細(xì)胞S100 A8/A9蛋白表達(dá)及其與冠狀動(dòng)脈損害的關(guān)系
胡靜, 錢(qián)煒, 李紅, 李琪
目的探討單核細(xì)胞及炎性蛋白S100 A8/A9在川崎病的發(fā)展及冠狀動(dòng)脈損傷的發(fā)生過(guò)程中可能起到的作用。方法選擇2010年1月至2012年12月無(wú)錫市兒童醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科收治住院的川崎病患兒46例為研究對(duì)象,按冠狀動(dòng)脈有無(wú)損害分為冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組20例和無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組26例。同期選取本院行腹股溝疝氣擇期手術(shù)患兒40例為對(duì)照組。收集外周靜脈血,采用淋巴細(xì)胞分層液密度梯度離心法分離單個(gè)核細(xì)胞,提取總RNA,用RT-PCR法檢測(cè)S100 A8/A9 mRNA的表達(dá),ELISA法檢測(cè)血漿S100A8/A9蛋白二聚體的水平。結(jié)果川崎病患兒急性期未予靜脈注射用免疫球蛋白治療時(shí),冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組和無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組血漿S100 A8/A9蛋白二聚體水平均顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組和無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組患兒在使用靜脈注射用免疫球蛋白前單核細(xì)胞中S100 A8/A9 mRNA表達(dá)均顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組血漿S100 A8/A9蛋白二聚體水平及S100 A8/A9 mRNA的表達(dá)高于無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論川崎病急性期單核細(xì)胞S100 A8/A9 mRNA表達(dá)及二聚體水平在使用靜脈注射用免疫球蛋白前均顯著高于對(duì)照組,提示S100 A8/A9可能參與了川崎病的發(fā)病機(jī)制。
川崎?。?單核細(xì)胞; S100 A8; S100 A9; 兒童
川崎病是一種兒科常見(jiàn)病,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其發(fā)病率呈逐年增加的趨勢(shì),且已經(jīng)超過(guò)風(fēng)濕熱,成為兒童后天性心臟病的最常見(jiàn)的原因之一[1]。川崎病的特點(diǎn)是急性全身性血管炎,其最重要的危害和并發(fā)癥是冠狀動(dòng)脈擴(kuò)張和冠狀動(dòng)脈瘤的形成,并可引起成人期冠心病及猝死。目前其病因和發(fā)病機(jī)制仍未清楚。及時(shí)大劑量靜脈注射用免疫球蛋白(intravenous immunogloblin,IVIG),治療可以明顯減少冠狀動(dòng)脈損害的發(fā)生,但仍然有10%~15%的川崎病患兒發(fā)生冠狀動(dòng)脈損害;10%的患兒對(duì)IVIG無(wú)效,且更易發(fā)生冠狀動(dòng)脈損害[2-3]。
S100 A8/A9蛋白是S100鈣結(jié)合蛋白家族成員之一(即髓樣相關(guān)蛋白8、14),主要由單核細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞分泌,存在許多慢性炎性疾病的滲出液中[4-5],例如類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎、潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎、膽囊纖維化等,其蛋白的異二聚體可以特異性的和內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞表面的特異受體結(jié)合,使內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞表達(dá)細(xì)胞間黏附分子和細(xì)胞內(nèi)黏附分子,引起局部血小板的聚集黏附形成微血栓。同時(shí)引起中性粒細(xì)胞和單核細(xì)胞的黏附[6]。S100 A8/A9可以消弱血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞之間的連接,從而導(dǎo)致內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的酶依賴性和非酶依賴性死亡,進(jìn)而破壞血管壁的完整[7]。鑒于川崎病的基本病理改變及S100 A8/A9對(duì)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的作用,本研究通過(guò)對(duì)川崎病患兒和普通無(wú)發(fā)熱性疾病的患兒外周血S100 A8/A9蛋白水平及其mRNA的表達(dá)比較,從而探討兩者的關(guān)系。
1.1 臨床資料 選擇2010年1月至2012年12月無(wú)錫市兒童醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科收治住院的川崎病患兒46例為研究對(duì)象,按冠狀動(dòng)脈有無(wú)損害分為冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組20例和無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組26例。冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組中男12例,女8例;年齡5個(gè)月至3歲9個(gè)月,平均(2.2±1.8)歲。無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組中男18例,女8例;年齡6個(gè)月至5歲3個(gè)月,平均(1.8±1.7)歲。同期選取本院行腹股溝疝氣等擇期手術(shù)患兒40例為對(duì)照組,其中男22例,女18例;年齡9個(gè)月至6歲6個(gè)月,平均(2.4±1.8)歲。3組患兒在年齡、性別方面比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 參照《諸福棠實(shí)用兒科學(xué)》第7版中川崎病的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]。川崎病起病l、2和4周分別進(jìn)行超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查,冠狀動(dòng)脈損害定義為:(1)冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜回聲增強(qiáng);(2)冠狀動(dòng)脈內(nèi)徑:年齡<3歲者>2.5 mm,3~9歲者>3 mm,>9~14歲者>3.5 mm;(3)冠狀動(dòng)脈某一節(jié)段內(nèi)徑超過(guò)相鄰節(jié)段內(nèi)徑的1.5倍。
1.3 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (1)符合川崎病的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);(2)年齡0~7歲;(3)患兒家屬知情同意。
1.4 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 患兒發(fā)熱及患有過(guò)敏性紫癜等免疫性疾病者。
1.5 研究方法
1.5.1 采集標(biāo)本 患兒入院后取外周頸靜脈血2 mL,乙二胺四乙酸抗凝處理,采用上海拜力淋巴細(xì)胞分離液,2 000 r/min離心20 min,離心后吸取云霧狀狹窄層帶即為單核細(xì)胞。
1.5.2 外周血單核細(xì)胞總RNA的提取 使用美國(guó)Sigma公司RAN抽提試劑盒按說(shuō)明書(shū)操作提取RNA。
1.5.3 S100 A8/A9 mRNA的表達(dá) PCR方法擴(kuò)增完畢后,采用凝膠掃描系統(tǒng)測(cè)定電泳條帶的A值,以β-actin為內(nèi)參照。計(jì)算目標(biāo)條帶A值與β-actin條帶的A值之比值,即為擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物定量的相對(duì)值。并分離血清備用。
1.5.4 血清S100 A8/A9的蛋白水平 采用上海博谷生物公司27E10抗體,ELISA法檢測(cè)血清S100 A8/A9的水平,采用酶標(biāo)儀在450 nm波長(zhǎng)下測(cè)定吸光度值,通過(guò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線計(jì)算樣品中濃度。引物用Primer 5.0軟件設(shè)計(jì),由上海英俊生物技術(shù)有限公司設(shè)計(jì)合成,MRP-14上游引物:5′-TCC ACC AAT ACT CTG TGA AGC TG-3′,下游引物:CCT CCA TGA TGT GTT CTA TGA CC-3′,片段長(zhǎng)度201 bp;MRP-8上游引物:5′-AAT TGC TAG AGA CGA GTG TCC TCA-3′,下游引物:5′-TGC CAC GCC CAT CTT TAT CA-3′,片段長(zhǎng)度105 bp。
3組患兒S100 A8/A9二聚體水平及mRNA表達(dá)的比較見(jiàn)表1。
表1 3組患兒S100 A8/A9二聚體水平及mRNA表達(dá)的比較
表1結(jié)果表明,川崎病患兒急性期未予IVIG治療時(shí),冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組和無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組血漿S100 A8/A9蛋白二聚體水平均顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組和無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組患兒在使用IVIG前單核細(xì)胞中S100 A8/A9 mRNA表達(dá)均顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組血漿S100 A8/A9蛋白二聚體水平及S100 A8/A9 mRNA的表達(dá)高于無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
川崎病急性期單核細(xì)胞S100 A8/A9 mRNA在使用IVIG前均顯著高于對(duì)照組,提示單核細(xì)胞S100 A8/A9可能參與了川崎病的發(fā)病機(jī)制。免疫系統(tǒng)的高度活化及免疫損傷性血管炎是川崎病的顯著特點(diǎn),研究表明在川崎病急性期,單核細(xì)胞、淋巴細(xì)胞明顯活化[9],釋放大量炎型介質(zhì),如腫瘤壞死因子α、白細(xì)胞介素6、白細(xì)胞介素1等[10-11],參與血管炎的發(fā)生,并且單個(gè)核細(xì)胞的趨化及穿壁運(yùn)動(dòng)也可以直接造成血管內(nèi)皮的損害。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道在川崎病的急性期有持續(xù)的單核細(xì)胞增多癥,在發(fā)生冠狀動(dòng)脈損害的患兒中更加明顯[12]。
Abe等[6]研究認(rèn)為,川崎病患兒IVIG治療是通過(guò)改變S100 A8/A9等基因的表達(dá)來(lái)抑制川崎病的血管炎性反應(yīng)。而且在Altwegg等[13]的研究中,認(rèn)為在成人冠心病的急性發(fā)作期,血漿S100 A8/A9異二聚體水平也有明顯升高,而且可以比心肌酶譜、肌鈣蛋白等更敏感更早期的監(jiān)測(cè)冠心病的急性發(fā)作。由此可以推斷S100 A8/A9在川崎病的發(fā)展及冠狀動(dòng)脈損害的發(fā)生中起到一定作用。關(guān)于S100 A8/A9與川崎病的關(guān)系,目前只有Hirono等[14]報(bào)道過(guò)在中性粒細(xì)胞中表達(dá)變化,本研究以川崎病的炎性反應(yīng)為基礎(chǔ),從單核細(xì)胞的功能以及外周血清的S100 A8/A9蛋白二聚體的角度,探討單核細(xì)胞及炎性蛋白S100 A8/A9在川崎病的發(fā)展及冠狀動(dòng)脈損傷的發(fā)生過(guò)程中可能起到的作用。
本研究結(jié)果顯示川崎病患兒急性期不僅有粒細(xì)胞數(shù)量增加,川崎病急性期單核細(xì)胞S100 A8/A9 mRNA在使用IVIG前均明顯高于對(duì)照組,提示S100 A8/A9可能參與了川崎病的發(fā)病機(jī)制。而冠狀動(dòng)脈損害患兒?jiǎn)魏思?xì)胞S100 A8/A9 mRNA表達(dá)水平較無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組升高明顯,并且冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組S100 A8/A9異二聚體血清濃度明顯高于無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈損害組,提示S100 A8/A9與川崎病冠狀動(dòng)脈損害有一定相關(guān)性。目前,關(guān)于川崎病的病因及發(fā)病機(jī)制的研究有很多說(shuō)法,尚無(wú)定論,大量研究報(bào)道認(rèn)為川崎病患兒有大量炎癥因子如白細(xì)胞介素1、腫瘤壞死因子等釋放,但仍缺少實(shí)驗(yàn)室診斷的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[15],S100 A8/A9在川崎病發(fā)病及冠狀動(dòng)脈損害過(guò)程中起重要作用,但致病因素如何引起血管炎癥反應(yīng)及內(nèi)皮損傷,其機(jī)制仍需進(jìn)一步研究探討。
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ExpressionofS100A8/A9proteininchildrenwithacuteKawasakidiseaseanditsrelationshipwithcoronaryarterylesions
HUJing,QIANWei,LIHong,LIQi.
WuxiChildren'sHospital,Wuxi214000,China
ObjectiveTo investigate the role of S100 A8/A9 protein in the development of Kawasaki disease and the occurrence of coronary artery lesions.MethodsA total of 46 children with Kawasaki disease were included as the research subjects, who were treated in Wuxi Children's Hospital from Jan. 2010 to Dec. 2012,and they were divided into two groups based on whether there was coronary artery lesion or not: 20 in the with-lesion group(A) and 26 in the without-lesion group(B). Another 40 children receiving operation for inguinal hernia were chosen as the control group. Peripheral venous blood was collected; the monocytes were separated by stratified fluid density gradient centrifugation of lymphocytes; RNA was extracted; expression of S100 A8/A9 was detected by RT-PCR; the dimer level of plasma S100 A8/A9 was determined by ELISA.ResultsBefore the venous injection of immune globulin for children with acute Kawasaki disease, the dimer level of S100 A8/A9 protein in group A and group B was significantly higher than that in control group, the difference being statistically significant(P<0.05),while after the injection, the expression of S100 A8/A9 mRNA was significantly higher than that in control group, and there was statistical difference(P<0.05);the dimer level of S100 A8/A9 protein and S100 A8/A9 mRNA expression in group A were higher than those in group B, with statistical difference(P<0.05).ConclusionBefore venous injection of immune globulin, the S100 A8/A9 mRNA expression and dimer level is significantly higher than the control group, which suggests that S100 A8/A9 may be involved in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease.
Kawasaki disease; Monocytes; S100 A8; S100 A9; Child
R725
A
1674-3865(2017)05-0386-04
2017-01-12)
(本文編輯:吳迪)
214000 江蘇 無(wú)錫,無(wú)錫市兒童醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科
胡靜(1981-),女,醫(yī)學(xué)碩士,主治醫(yī)師。研究方向:小兒心血管系統(tǒng)疾病的診治
錢(qián)煒,E-mail:qianyizhou@163.com
10.3969/j.issn.1674-3865.2017.05.006