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3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3′-基氧化吲哚的立體選擇性合成

2017-09-16 06:14崔寶東袁昌倫陳永正
合成化學(xué) 2017年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:苯甲硫脲丁酯

崔寶東, 汪 微, 袁昌倫, 單 靜, 陳永正

(遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院 藥學(xué)院, 貴州 遵義 563000)

·快遞論文·

3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3′-基氧化吲哚的立體選擇性合成

崔寶東, 汪 微, 袁昌倫, 單 靜, 陳永正*

(遵義醫(yī)學(xué)院 藥學(xué)院, 貴州 遵義 563000)

以10 mol%(R,R)-環(huán)己二胺衍生的手性雙功能硫脲叔胺(4b)為催化劑,3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚與α-氨基砜為原料,經(jīng)3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚與原位生成的N-Boc芳香醛亞胺的不對(duì)稱Mannich反應(yīng),合成了20個(gè)3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3′-基氧化吲哚類化合物(3a~3t),分離收率54%~98%,dr值90 ∶10~>99 ∶1,其結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。

3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚;α-氨基砜; 有機(jī)催化; Mannich反應(yīng); 芳香醛亞胺; 3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3′-基氧化吲哚; 合成

3,3′-雙吲哚雜環(huán)骨架廣泛存在于天然產(chǎn)物與藥物活性分子中,是構(gòu)成天然生物堿的重要結(jié)構(gòu)單元,此類化合物一般具有較好的生物活性和潛在的藥用價(jià)值[1-3]。因此,發(fā)展簡便、高效的合成方法,用于合成含3,3′-雙吲哚骨架的雜環(huán)類化合物具有重要意義。

通過文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn),目前已經(jīng)發(fā)展了一些有效合成含3,3′-雙吲哚骨架類化合物的方法[4-8],其中,3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚作為親核試劑與親電受體的催化不對(duì)稱反應(yīng)是一種最為直接、有效的合成方法。這些反應(yīng)類型包括不對(duì)稱烯丙基化反應(yīng)[9]、不對(duì)稱Michael反應(yīng)[10]和多組分反應(yīng)[11]。然而,對(duì)于有機(jī)小分子催化的3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚與N-Boc醛亞胺的不對(duì)稱Mannich反應(yīng)還未見報(bào)道。

基于以上研究背景,我們預(yù)測(cè)在手性雙功能硫脲叔胺的催化下,3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚能夠與原位生成的N-Boc醛亞胺發(fā)生不對(duì)稱Mannich反應(yīng),可用于高選擇性地合成含3,3′-雙吲哚的化合物(Scheme 1)。本文以10 mol%(R,R)-環(huán)己二胺衍生的手性雙功能硫脲叔胺(4b)為催化劑,3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚與α-氨基砜為原料,經(jīng)3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚與原位生成的N-Boc芳香醛亞胺的不對(duì)稱Mannich反應(yīng),合成了20個(gè)3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3′-基氧化吲哚類化合物(3a~3t, Scheme 2和表1),分離收率54%~98%,dr值90 ∶10~>99 ∶1,產(chǎn)物結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)1H NMR,13C NMR和HR-MS(ESI-TOF)表征。

Scheme1

Scheme 2

Entry12Yieldof3/%adrb1R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=C6H5(2a)3a/98>99∶12R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=3-MeC6H4(2b)3b/9390∶103R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=4-MeC6H4(2c)3c/8192∶84R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=3-OMeC6H4(2d)3d/8292∶85R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=3,4-(OMe)2C6H3(2e)3e/9493∶76R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=3-NO2C6H4(2f)3f/7692∶87R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=4-FC6H4(2g)3g/9392∶88R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=3-ClC6H4(2h)3h/8192∶89R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=4-ClC6H4(2i)3i/8192∶810R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=3-BrC6H4(2j)3j/7093∶711R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=4-BrC6H4(2k)3k/8393∶712R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=1-naphthyl(2l)3l/81>99∶113R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=2-furyl(2m)3m/7390∶1014R1=Me,R2=H(1a)R=2-thienyl(2n)3n/9690∶1015R1=Bn,R2=H(1b)R=C6H5(2a)3o/5490∶1016R1=Bn,R2=H(1b)R=3-OMeC6H4(2d)3p/8490∶1017R1=Bn,R2=H(1b)R=4-FC6H4(2g)3q/7292∶818R1=Bn,R2=H(1b)R=4-BrC6H4(2k)3r/7090∶1019R1=Me,R2=5-Cl(1c)R=C6H5(2a)3s/6893∶720R1=Me,R2=7-Cl(1d)R=C6H5(2a)3t/8397∶3

ayield表示產(chǎn)物3的分離收率;bdr值由1H NMR確定。

1 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分

1.1 儀器與試劑

SGW X-4型顯微熔點(diǎn)儀;Agilent-400 M型核磁共振儀(CDCl3或DMSO-d6為溶劑,TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo));Waters Xevo G2 QTOF型質(zhì)譜分析儀。

所用試劑均為分析純。

1.23a~3t的合成(以3a為例)

在4 mL硬質(zhì)反應(yīng)管里中依次加入手性雙功能硫脲叔胺催化劑(4b)4.4 mg(10 mol%)、 3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚(1a)27.6 mg(0.1 mmol)、α-氨基砜(2a)52.1 mg(0.15 mmol)、 CH2Cl2(1.0 mL)與飽和Na2CO3水溶液(0.1 mL),攪拌下于25 ℃反應(yīng)72 h(TLC監(jiān)測(cè))。混合物經(jīng)硅膠柱層析[洗脫劑:V(乙酸乙酯) ∶V(石油醚)=1 ∶5~1 ∶3)純化得3a47.2 mg。

用類似方法合成3b~3t。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3a): 白色泡沫狀固體,收率98%,dr>99 ∶1, m.p.204.5~205.2 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.40(d,J=1.4 Hz, 9H), 3.08(d,J=1.1 Hz, 3H), 3.80(s, 3H), 5.76(dd,J=1.4 Hz, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50(d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.91~6.98(m, 6H), 7.01~7.05(m, 3H), 7.08(d,J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.14~7.17(m, 2H), 7.28(d,J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44(d,J=1.2 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.1, 28.5, 33.0, 56.0, 58.5, 79.5, 107.9, 109.6, 111.4, 119.1, 119.5, 121.8, 123.0, 124.5, 126.1, 127.1, 127.3, 127.7, 128.1, 128.2, 131.7, 137.3, 137.6, 142.6, 155.6, 177.9; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C30H32N3O3{[M+H]+}482.244 4, found 482.247 9。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-3-甲基苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3b): 白色泡沫狀固體,收率93%,dr90 ∶10, m.p.170.2~170.9 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.41(s, 9H), 2.12(s, 3H), 3.08(s, 3H), 3.80(s, 3H), 5.71(d,J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.50(d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.76~6.79(m, 2H), 6.84(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.88~6.95(m, 5H), 7.05~7.08(m, 1H), 7.13~7.16(m, 2H), 7.28(d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 21.2, 26.1, 28.5, 33.0, 56.0, 58.5, 79.5, 107.9, 109.6, 111.4, 119.1, 119.5, 121.8, 122.9, 124.6, 124.8, 126.1, 126.9, 127.9, 128.1, 128.2, 128.6, 131.8, 136.6, 137.2, 137.5, 142.6, 155.6, 178.0; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C31H34N3O3{[M+H]+}496.260 0, found 496.260 2。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-4-甲基苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3c): 白色泡沫狀固體,收率81%,dr92 ∶8, m.p.171.4~172.2 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.41(s, 9H), 2.12(s, 3H), 3.08(s, 3H), 3.80(s, 3H), 5.71(d, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.50(d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.76~6.79(m, 2H), 6.84(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.88~6.95(m, 5H), 7.05~7.08(m, 1H), 7.13~7.16(m, 2H), 7.28(d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.45(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 21.2, 26.1, 28.5, 33.0, 56.0, 58.5, 79.5, 107.9, 109.6, 111.4, 119.1, 119.5, 121.8, 122.9, 124.6, 124.8, 126.1, 126.9, 127.9, 128.1, 128.2, 128.6, 131.8, 136.6, 137.2, 137.5, 142.6, 155.6, 178.0; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C31H34N3O3{[M+H]+}496.260 0, found 496.260 2。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-3-甲氧基苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3d): 白色泡沫狀固體,收率82%,dr92 ∶8, m.p.180.2~180.9 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.41(s, 9H), 2.12(s, 3H), 3.09(s, 3H), 3.55(s, 3H), 3.79(s, 3H), 5.75(d,J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.42(s, 1H), 6.55(d,J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.60(d,J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.66(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.88(d,J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.92~6.99(m, 3H), 7.03(d,J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.08~7.12(m, 1H), 7.14~7.17(m, 2H), 7.28(d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.40(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.1, 28.4, 33.0, 55.1, 56.0, 58.5, 79.5, 108.1, 109.6, 111.4, 112.8, 113.9, 119.2, 119.5, 119.8, 121.8, 122.8, 124.5, 126.1, 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 131.7, 137.2, 139.2, 142.8, 155.6, 158.5, 177.8; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C31H34N3O4{[M+H]+}512.254 9, found 512.254 0。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-3,4-二甲氧基苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3e): 白色泡沫狀固體,收率94%,dr93 ∶7, m.p.101.2~102.1 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.39(s, 9H), 3.08(s, 3H), 3.55(s, 3H), 3.76(s, 3H), 3.78(s, 3H), 5.72(d,J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.32(d,J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.54~6.59(m, 2H), 6.64~6.67(m, 1H), 6.80(d,J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.92~6.96(m, 2H), 7.05(d,J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.07~7.11(m, 1H), 7.13~7.16(m, 2H), 7.27(d,J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.35(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.2, 28.5, 33.0, 55.6, 55.8, 56.3, 58.1, 79.5, 108.2, 109.6, 109.8, 111.1, 111.5, 119.3, 119.6, 121.9, 122.8, 124.5, 126.1, 128.1, 128.3, 130.3, 131.8, 137.3, 142.9, 147.4, 147.9, 155.5, 177.9; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C32H36N3O5{[M+H]+}542.265 5, found 542.265 0。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-3-硝基苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3f): 淡黃色泡沫狀固體,收率76%,dr92 ∶8, m.p.105.6~107.3 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.39(s, 9H), 3.09(s, 3H), 3.80(s, 3H), 5.86(d,J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.52(d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93~7.01(m, 4H), 7.06~7.10(m, 1H), 7.15~7.22(m, 3H), 7.29(d,J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.34~7.36(m, 2H), 7.83(s, 1H), 7.92(d,J=8.1 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.2, 28.4, 33.0, 55.6, 58.2, 80.1, 108.3, 109.7, 110.6, 119.1, 119.8, 122.1, 122.4, 122.8, 123.4, 124.6, 125.9, 128.0, 128.1, 128.8, 130.7, 133.8, 137.3, 140.3, 142.3, 147.2, 155.6, 177.3; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C30H31N4O5{[M+H]+}527.229 4, found 527.227 8。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-4-氟苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3g): 白色固體,收率93%,dr92 ∶8, m.p.207.6~208.8 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.39(s, 9H), 3.09(s, 3H), 3.79(s, 3H), 5.74(d,J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.68~6.72(m, 2H), 6.89~6.99(m, 6H), 7.08~7.12(m, 1H), 7.14~7.16(m, 2H), 7.28(d,J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.39(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.2, 28.4, 33.0, 56.0, 57.9, 79.7, 108.1, 109.6, 111.2, 114.0(d,J=21.2 Hz, 1C), 119.1, 119.6, 121.9, 123.1, 124.5, 126.1, 128.0, 128.4, 129.3(d,J=8.0 Hz, 1C), 131.5, 133.6(d,J=3.1 Hz, 1C), 137.3, 142.5, 155.6, 162.0(d,J=244.1 Hz, 1C), 177.8; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C30H31N3O3F{[M+H]+}500.234 9, found 500.232 5。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-3-氯苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3h): 白色泡沫狀固體,收率81%,dr92 ∶8, m.p.194.4~195.6 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.40(s, 9H), 3.12(s, 3H), 3.79(s, 3H), 5.71(d,J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.55(d,J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.82(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.91-6.96(m, 5H), 6.99~7.03(m, 2H), 7.09~7.17(m, 3H), 7.28(d,J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.38(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.2, 28.4, 33.0, 55.8, 57.9, 79.7, 108.2, 109.6, 111.1, 119.1, 119.6, 121.9, 123.1, 124.5, 126.0, 127.3, 128.0, 128.5, 129.1, 131.3, 133.1, 136.5, 137.3, 142.5, 155.5, 177.7; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C30H31N3O3Cl{[M+H]+}516.205 4, found 516.201 4。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-4-氯苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3i): 白色泡沫狀固體,收率81%,dr92 ∶8, m.p.195.9~196.8 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.39(s, 9H), 3.10(s, 3H), 3.79(s, 3H), 5.74(d,J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.56(d,J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.88~7.01(m, 8H), 7.09~7.18(m, 3H), 7.28(d,J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.37(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.2, 28.5, 33.0, 55.8, 58.2, 79.8, 108.2, 109.7, 111.1, 119.1, 119.7, 122.0, 123.2, 124.6, 126.1, 126.3, 127.5, 127.7, 128.1, 128.3, 128.5, 131.3, 133.2, 137.3, 139.9, 142.5, 155.6, 177.7; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C30H31N3O3Cl{[M+H]+}516.205 4, found 516.206 1.

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-3-溴苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3j): 白色泡沫狀固體,收率70%,dr93 ∶7, m.p.105.2~106.5 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.40(s, 9H), 3.13(s, 3H), 3.79(s, 3H), 5.70(d,J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.56(d,J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.83~6.88(m, 2H), 6.91~6.96(m, 4H), 7.09~7.18(m, 5H), 7.28(d,J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.39(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.2, 28.4, 33.0, 55.8, 58.2, 79.8, 108.2, 109.6, 111.0, 119.1, 119.6, 121.3, 122.0, 123.2, 124.5, 126.0, 126.7, 128.0, 128.6, 130.4, 130.6, 131.2, 137.3, 140.2, 142.5, 155.6, 177.6; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C30H31N3O3Br{[M+H]+}560.154 9, found 560.153 7。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-4-溴苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3k): 白色固體,收率83%,dr93 ∶7, m.p.199.6~200.5 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.39(s, 9H), 3.10(s, 3H), 3.78(s, 3H), 5.72(d,J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.57(d,J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.84~6.89(m, 3H), 6.92~6.96(m, 2H), 7.00(d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.09~7.17(m, 5H), 7.28(d,J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.36(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.2, 28.4, 33.0, 55.8, 58.0, 79.7, 108.3, 109.6, 111.1, 119.1, 119.6, 121.3, 121.9, 123.1, 124.5, 126.0, 128.0, 128.5, 129.4, 130.2, 131.2, 137.0, 137.3, 142.5, 155.5, 177.7; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C30H31N3O3Br{[M+H]+}560.154 9, found 560.158 6.

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-1-萘甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3l): 紅色固體,收率81%,dr>99 ∶1, m.p.198.6~199.8 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.33(s, 9H), 3.16(s, 3H), 3.82(s, 3H), 6.43~6.46(m, 1H), 6.57(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.72~6.88(m, 4H), 7.08~7.12(m, 1H), 7.18(d,J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.29~7.49(m, 6H), 7.64~7.71(m, 3H), 8.45(d,J=8.2 Hz, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.2, 28.1, 32.8, 51.2, 55.3, 79.1, 108.2, 110.2, 111.6, 118.5, 119.3, 121.5, 122.0, 123.8, 124.0, 124.6, 125.0, 125.4, 125.5, 125.6, 128.0, 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 130.1, 131.0, 132.6, 135.5, 136.9, 141.9, 154.8, 178.1; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C34H34N3O3{[M+H]+}532.260 0, found 532.260 7。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-2-呋喃甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3m): 淡黃色固體,收率73%,dr90 ∶10, m.p. 193.3~194.2 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.41(s, 9H), 3.26(s, 3H), 3.75(s, 3H), 5.83(d,J=2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.92(d,J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 6.04(d,J=1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.62(d,J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.73(d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.92~6.96(m, 2H), 7.06~7.12(m, 3H), 7.14~7.19(m, 2H), 7.25(d,J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.34(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.5, 28.4, 32.9, 53.0, 55.1, 79.7, 107.4, 108.0, 109.5, 110.0, 111.0, 119.4, 119.5, 121.8, 123.0, 124.5, 126.0, 127.9, 128.4, 131.0, 137.3, 141.3, 143.1, 151.7, 155.4, 177.9; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C28H30N3O4{[M+H]+}472.223 6, found 472.224 8。

[(1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-2-噻吩甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3n): 白色泡沫狀固體,收率96%,dr90 ∶10, m.p.83.3~84.2 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.41(s, 9H), 3.16(s, 3H), 3.76(s, 3H), 6.12(d,J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50(d,J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 6.64~6.71(m, 3H), 6.96~7.00(m, 3H), 7.11~7.22(m, 4H), 7.27~7.30(m, 2H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.4, 28.4, 33.0, 54.7, 56.3, 79.8, 108.2, 109.6, 111.2, 119.6, 121.9, 123.1, 124.3, 124.6, 125.5, 125.9, 126.1, 128.1, 128.6, 131.3, 137.3, 141.7, 143.4, 155.4, 177.6; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C28H30N3O3S{[M+H]+}488.200 8, found 488.204 7。

[(1-芐基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3o): 淡黃色固體,收率54%,dr90 ∶10, m.p.90.6~91.8 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.40(s, 9H), 3.78(s, 3H), 4.70(d,J=15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.90(d,J=15.5 Hz, 1H), 5.87(d,J=8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.49(d,J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.82~6.86(m, 1H), 6.90~7.03(m, 8H), 7.10~7.11(m, 3H), 7.15(d,J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.20(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.28(s, 4H), 7.40(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 28.5, 33.0, 44.2, 56.2, 58.2, 79.5, 109.2, 109.5, 112.0, 119.5, 119.6, 121.8, 123.0, 124.9, 126.0, 127.3, 127.5, 127.7, 127.9, 128.0, 128.1, 128.2, 128.8, 131.6, 135.3, 137.3, 137.8, 142.1, 155.6, 178.1; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C36H36N3O3{[M+H]+}558.275 1, found 558.276 7。

[(1-芐基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-3-甲氧基苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3p): 白色泡沫狀固體,收率84%,dr90 ∶10, m.p.78.6~79.8 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.41(s, 9H), 3.51(s, 3H), 3.78(s, 3H), 4.79(d,J=15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.88(d,J=15.5 Hz, 1H), 5.89(d,J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.51(d,J=10.1 Hz, 2H), 6.67~6.72(m, 2H), 6.86~6.97(m, 3H), 6.99~7.09(m, 5H), 7.13~7.17(m, 1H), 7.22(d,J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26~7.28(m, 4H), 7.36(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 28.5, 33.0, 44.2, 55.1, 56.3, 58.1, 79.6, 109.3, 109.5, 112.0, 113.0, 114.0, 119.5, 119.7, 120.1, 121.8, 122.8, 124.9, 126.0, 127.3, 127.7, 128.1, 128.2, 128.5, 128.8, 131.5, 135.2, 137.3, 139.4, 142.3, 155.5, 158.6, 178.0; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C37H38N3O4{[M+H]+}588.286 2, found 588.287 6.

[(1-芐基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-4-氟苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3q): 白色泡沫狀固體,收率72%,dr92 ∶8, m.p.95.4~96.8 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.39(s, 9H), 3.78(s, 3H), 4.76(d,J=15.4 Hz, 1H), 4.88(d,J=15.5 Hz, 1H), 5.85(d,J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.55(d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.67~6.71(m, 2H), 6.84~7.06(m, 7H), 7.10~7.17(m, 3H), 7.20(d,J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.30(d,J=3.2 Hz, 4H), 7.35(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 28.5, 33.0, 44.2, 56.2, 57.6, 79.7, 109.3, 109.6, 111.8, 114.3(d,J=21.3 Hz, 1C), 119.6, 121.9, 123.1, 124.8, 126.0, 127.8, 127.9, 128.0, 128.4, 128.8, 129.6(d,J=8.1 Hz, 1C), 131.4, 133.7(d,J=3.0 Hz, 1C), 135.2, 137.3, 142.1, 155.5, 162.0(d,J=244.2 Hz, 1C), 177.9; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C36H35N3O3F{[M+H]+}576.266 2, found 576.268 6.

[(1-芐基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-4-溴苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3r): 白色

泡沫狀固體,收率70%,dr90 ∶10, m.p.99.8~110.0 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.39(s, 9H), 3.78(s, 3H), 4.81(d,J=15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.89(d,J=15.5 Hz, 1H), 5.84(d,J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.56(d,J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.86~6.96(m, 5H), 7.01~7.06(m, 4H), 7.12~7.17(m, 3H), 7.22(d,J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26~7.35(m, 5H);13C NMRδ(major): 28.4, 33.0, 44.2, 56.0, 57.6, 79.7, 109.4, 109.6, 111.7, 119.5, 119.6, 121.4, 121.9, 123.1, 124.8, 125.9, 127.5, 127.8, 128.0, 128.5, 128.8, 129.7, 130.6, 131.2, 135.0, 137.1, 137.3, 142.1, 155.4, 177.9; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C36H35N3O3Br{[M+H]+}636.186 2, found 636.184 6。

[(5-氯-1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3s): 白色固體,收率68%,dr93 ∶7, m.p.200.2~201.6 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.40(s, 9H), 3.06(s, 3H), 3.81(s, 3H), 5.72(d,J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.41(d,J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.86~6.90(m, 1H), 6.92~6.99(m, 4H), 7.03~7.07(m, 4H), 7.10~7.11(m, 1H), 7.15~7.19(m, 1H), 7.30(d,J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.45(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 26.3, 28.5, 33.0, 56.3, 58.4, 79.7, 108.9, 109.7, 110.7, 118.8, 119.7, 122.0, 125.0, 126.0, 127.3, 127.5, 127.6, 127.7, 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 133.5, 137.3, 141.2, 155.5, 177.6; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C30H31N3O3Cl{[M+H]+}516.204 8, found 516.205 2。

[(7-氯-1-甲基-3-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-3-基)-2-氧化吲哚啉-3-基)]-苯甲氨基甲酸叔丁酯(3t): 白色固體,收率83%,dr97 ∶3, m.p.96.8~98.2 ℃;1H NMRδ(major): 1.41(s, 9H), 3.44(s, 3H), 3.80(s, 3H), 5.71(d,J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.81~6.85(m, 1H), 6.88(d,J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.93~7.12(m, 9H), 7.15~7.18(m, 1H), 7.29(d,J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.45(s, 1H);13C NMRδ(major): 28.5, 29.6, 33.0, 56.0, 58.7, 79.6, 109.7, 111.0, 115.3, 119.0, 119.7, 122.0, 123.2, 123.7, 126.0, 127.2, 127.6, 127.7, 128.1, 130.4, 134.6, 137.2, 137.3, 138.6, 155.5, 178.3; HR-MS(ESI-TOF)m/z: Calcd for C30H31N3O3Cl{[M+H]+}516.204 8, found 516.204 7。

Scheme 3

2 結(jié)果與討論

2.1 反應(yīng)條件優(yōu)化

以N1-位甲基取代的3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚(1a)和苯基取代的α-氨基砜(2a)的不對(duì)稱Mannich反應(yīng)作為模板反應(yīng),分別考察了不同骨架衍生的手性雙功能硫脲催化劑(4)的催化性能,期望獲得光學(xué)純的3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3′-基氧化吲哚類化合物(3a)(Scheme 3,表2)。

遺憾的是,無論是手性的環(huán)己二胺骨架、1,2-二苯基乙二胺骨架還是金雞納堿骨架衍生的雙功能硫脲作為催化劑,均幾乎產(chǎn)生消旋化的產(chǎn)物(3a),而產(chǎn)物的非對(duì)映選擇性均很高(dr>99∶1)(Entries 1~8)。綜合考慮產(chǎn)物收率和非對(duì)映選擇性,我們選擇(R,R)-環(huán)己二胺衍生且含吡咯單元的雙功能硫脲4b作為理想的催化劑用于合成消旋化的3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3′-基氧化吲哚類化合物。

表2 反應(yīng)條件優(yōu)化

ayield表示產(chǎn)物3a的分離收率;bdr和ee值由手性的HPLC分析測(cè)定。

2.2 底物的適用性

由表1可見,該反應(yīng)體系適用于芳香環(huán)上含有各種取代基團(tuán)的α-氨基砜(2)。無論是給電子基團(tuán)還是吸電子基團(tuán)取代以及不同位置取代的α-氨基砜底物均能很好地與3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚底物(1a)反應(yīng),得到較好收率與高非對(duì)映選擇性的產(chǎn)物(3b~3k)(Entries 2~11)。當(dāng)α-氨基砜的芳香取代基由苯基換為大位阻的1-萘基、2-呋喃基或2-噻吩取代基時(shí),反應(yīng)也能很好的進(jìn)行,得到中等以上收率和高達(dá)>99∶1dr值的相應(yīng)產(chǎn)物(3l~3n)(Entries 12~14)。此外,我們還考察了氧化吲哚N1-位取代基對(duì)該反應(yīng)的影響。當(dāng)氧化吲哚N1-位的取代基由甲基換為芐基時(shí),反應(yīng)的活性有所降低。在同樣時(shí)間內(nèi),3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚底物(1b)不能完全消耗,相應(yīng)產(chǎn)物(3o)的分離收率只有54%(Entry 15)。為進(jìn)一步探索該反應(yīng)體系的底物適應(yīng)范圍,我們以3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚(1b)作為親核試劑與不同取代的α-氨基砜(2)的不對(duì)稱Mannich反應(yīng),也能夠以較好的收率和dr值得到相應(yīng)的加成產(chǎn)物(3p~3r)(Entries 16~18)。最后,我們還考察了氧化吲哚苯環(huán)上取代基對(duì)反應(yīng)的影響。當(dāng)氧化吲哚苯環(huán)的C5位或C7位分別引入氯原子取代基時(shí),產(chǎn)物(3s)和(3t)的收率分別為68%和83%,dr值分別為93 ∶7和97 ∶3(Entries 19~20)。

2.3 反應(yīng)機(jī)理

根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[12-13],我們提出了該不對(duì)稱Mannich反應(yīng)的可能過渡態(tài)(Scheme 4)。首先,在手性雙功能硫脲叔胺催化劑催化作用下,催化劑的叔胺部分作為堿促使3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚(1)的C3-位失去質(zhì)子生成烯醇式負(fù)離子,并與催化劑的叔胺部分形成氫鍵,用于活化3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚的C3-位;催化劑的硫脲部分以雙氫鍵的形式活化原位生成的N-Boc芳香醛亞胺;在這種立體空間環(huán)境下,3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚負(fù)離子對(duì)原位生成的N-Boc芳香醛亞胺的C=N雙鍵進(jìn)行選擇性親核進(jìn)攻,高非對(duì)映選擇性生成產(chǎn)物(3)。

Scheme 4

通過(R,R)-環(huán)己二胺衍生的手性雙功能硫脲叔胺催化劑催化3′-吲哚-3-氧化吲哚與原位生成的N-Boc芳香醛亞胺的不對(duì)稱Mannich反應(yīng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了一系列3,3-二取代3-吲哚-3′-基氧化吲哚類化合物的有效合成,產(chǎn)物的收率和dr值分別高達(dá)98%與大于99 ∶1。本研究為雙吲哚類化合物的立體選擇性合成提供了一種可供選擇的有效途徑。

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Stereoselective Synthesis of 3,3-Disubstituted 3-Indol-3′-yloxindoles

CUI Bao-dong, WANG Wei, YUAN Chang-lun, SHAN Jing, CHEN Yong-zheng*

(College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China)

An asymmetric Mannich reaction of 3′-indole-3-oxindoles andinsitugeneratedN-Boc protected aldimines with the chiral bifunctional thiourea-tertiary amine catalyst(4b) derived from (R,R)-cyclohexyl diamine was realized. Twenty 3,3-disubstituted 3-indol-3′-yloxindoles(3a~3t) were obtained in 54%~98% yields withdrof 90∶10~>99∶1. The structures were characterized by1H NMR,13C NMR and HR-MS(ESI-TOF).

3′-indole-3-oxindole;α-amidosulfone; organocatalysis; Mannich reaction; aldimine; 3,3-disubstituted 3-indol-3′-yloxindole; synthesis

2017-04-04;

: 2017-07-20

貴州省高校優(yōu)秀科技創(chuàng)新人才支持計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(黔教合KY字[2015]480)

崔寶東(1984-),男,漢族,山東菏澤人,博士研究生,主要從事不對(duì)稱催化與手性藥物合成研究。 E-mail: cuibaodong85@163.com

陳永正,博士,教授,碩士生導(dǎo)師, E-mail: yzchen@zmc.edu.cn

O621.3; O626

: ADOI: 10.15952/j.cnki.cjsc.1005-1511.2017.09.17079

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