孫永卷 李壽玲
·臨床研究·
孔源性視網(wǎng)膜脫離外路術(shù)后黃斑下積液的OCT觀察及其相關(guān)因素分析
孫永卷 李壽玲
目的 對(duì)孔源性視網(wǎng)膜脫離(RRD)外路復(fù)位術(shù)后進(jìn)行黃斑部相干光斷層掃描(OCT)檢查,觀察術(shù)后黃斑區(qū)積液情況,并分析其相關(guān)因素。方法 選擇2015年8月至2016年12月到我院就診,均采取鞏膜扣帶手術(shù)治療且術(shù)后視網(wǎng)膜均復(fù)位成功的孔源性視網(wǎng)膜脫離患者,共有40例(40只眼),分別于術(shù)后半個(gè)月、1、3、6個(gè)月行最佳矯正視力(BCVA)、OCT檢查。按積液情況及積液吸收時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短分組,術(shù)后半個(gè)月黃斑下無(wú)積液,即無(wú)積液組;術(shù)后1個(gè)月黃斑下積液吸收,即1個(gè)月組;術(shù)后3個(gè)月黃斑下積液吸收,即3個(gè)月組;術(shù)后6個(gè)月黃斑下積液吸收,即6個(gè)月組,對(duì)其進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。結(jié)果 術(shù)后半個(gè)月黃斑下無(wú)積液19只眼(無(wú)積液組)。有積液21只眼,其中1個(gè)月組10只眼,3個(gè)月組6只眼,6個(gè)月組5只眼。手術(shù)前患者平均logMAR視力為1.29±0.72,術(shù)后各組平均logMAR視力分別為0.31±0.23、0.35±0.26、0.55±0.39、0.71±0.34,經(jīng)單因素方差分析,各組視力較術(shù)前均有所提高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。收集術(shù)后各組OCT掃描資料,經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析得出,視網(wǎng)膜脫離范圍和脫離時(shí)間為影響黃斑下積液吸收的因素(rs=0.544,rs=0.716)。結(jié)論 視網(wǎng)膜脫離范圍和脫離時(shí)間對(duì)術(shù)后黃斑下積液吸收有影響;黃斑下積液吸收時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短可影響患者術(shù)后視力恢復(fù),積液持續(xù)時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)對(duì)患者視力損害越大。
相干光斷層掃描;鞏膜扣帶術(shù);黃斑下積液
[臨床眼科雜志,2017,25:306]
[J Clin Ophthalmol,2017,25:306]
孔源性視網(wǎng)膜脫離(rhegmatogenous retinal detachment,RRD)鞏膜外路手術(shù)治療是經(jīng)典和有效的手術(shù)方式,具有手術(shù)操作簡(jiǎn)單,對(duì)眼內(nèi)損傷小,術(shù)后恢復(fù)快,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥少等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[1]。鞏膜扣帶術(shù)可使大部分RRD患者獲得視網(wǎng)膜解剖復(fù)位,治療及時(shí)其復(fù)位率可達(dá)95%以上[2]。RRD患者外路術(shù)后視網(wǎng)膜即使成功復(fù)位,仍有較多患者視功能恢復(fù)不佳,部分患者甚至?xí)星飧淖?、視物變形、矯正視力未提高等情況發(fā)生[3-5]。究其原因,一重要因素就是術(shù)后黃斑下積液的發(fā)生和持續(xù)存在。相干光斷層掃描(OCT)是一種可顯示高分辨率的活體組織橫截面圖像的斷層掃描技術(shù),它可以直觀的觀察到視網(wǎng)膜黃斑區(qū)各層的組織形態(tài),以及視網(wǎng)膜下液的存在和吸收情況。本次研究選擇了40例孔源性視網(wǎng)膜脫離并行鞏膜扣帶術(shù), 術(shù)后視網(wǎng)膜均復(fù)位成功的患者作為研究對(duì)象,術(shù)后定期行患眼OCT掃描,分析術(shù)后黃斑下積液的相關(guān)因素。
一、研究對(duì)象
納入本文研究的對(duì)象為2015年8月至2016年8月期間到本院診斷明確的孔源性視網(wǎng)膜脫離患者共40例(40只眼),手術(shù)之前均進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的病史收集、全面的體格檢查和眼科檢查明確診斷,眼科評(píng)估檢查包括視力、眼壓、裂隙燈顯微鏡、直接、間接檢眼鏡、前置鏡檢查。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):增生性玻璃體視網(wǎng)膜病變(proliferative vitreoretinopathy, PVR)均處于C1級(jí)以下(分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)根據(jù)1983年美國(guó)視網(wǎng)膜協(xié)會(huì)委托以George Hilton 為主席的命名委員會(huì),定義和分級(jí)),屈光間質(zhì)清,首次視網(wǎng)膜脫離手術(shù)患者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):伴其他嚴(yán)重眼部病變患者(如視網(wǎng)膜血管病變、糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變、黃斑病變、青光眼、眼內(nèi)炎以及白內(nèi)障等屈光間質(zhì)不清者),以及合并有玻璃體積血,手術(shù)前近段時(shí)間有內(nèi)眼手術(shù)史患者;合并嚴(yán)重器官組織性疾病,存在手術(shù)禁忌證患者;缺失完整臨床資料患者;以及隨訪失聯(lián)患者。40例患者中,男性22例,女性18例;年齡14~65歲,平均年齡為(40.23±2.12)歲。共40只眼,均為單眼,其中左眼19例占47.5%,右眼21例占52.5%。單孔28只眼占70%,2個(gè)以上裂孔12只眼占30%。病程在3 d至半年之間。手術(shù)前患者logMAR視力為1.29±0.72。研究對(duì)象視網(wǎng)膜脫離情況見(jiàn)表1。
表1 患者視網(wǎng)膜脫離情況
二、方法
患者入院以后術(shù)前常規(guī)檢查患眼最佳矯正視力,非接觸眼壓計(jì)測(cè)量眼壓,并予以散瞳,裂隙燈前置鏡、直接或者間接檢眼鏡以及三面鏡檢查眼底,著重就視網(wǎng)膜脫離范圍、視網(wǎng)膜增生情況、裂孔位置、數(shù)目以及形態(tài)進(jìn)行觀察并記錄。予以高滲劑、維生素C及激素應(yīng)用促進(jìn)視網(wǎng)膜下液吸收(有禁忌證者除外),特殊體位引流視網(wǎng)膜下積液。所有患者采用鞏膜扣帶手術(shù)治療,并由同一位手術(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的醫(yī)師完成,嚴(yán)格按照手術(shù)規(guī)范要求執(zhí)行。術(shù)后經(jīng)雙目間接檢眼鏡檢查證實(shí)視網(wǎng)膜均復(fù)位成功,分別于術(shù)后半個(gè)月、1、3、6個(gè)月行最佳矯正視力(BCVA)、OCT。根據(jù)手術(shù)后有無(wú)黃斑下積液以及黃斑下積液持續(xù)時(shí)間進(jìn)行分組,術(shù)后半個(gè)月黃斑下無(wú)積液,即無(wú)積液組;術(shù)后1個(gè)月黃斑下積液吸收,即1個(gè)月組;術(shù)后3個(gè)月黃斑下積液吸收,即3個(gè)月組;術(shù)后6個(gè)月黃斑下積液吸收,即6個(gè)月組。整理患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后資料,著重記錄患者年齡、視力、網(wǎng)脫時(shí)間、裂孔類型、視網(wǎng)膜脫離范圍,光學(xué)相干斷層掃描資料等,并對(duì)各組資料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
術(shù)后各組平均logMAR視力分別為0.31±0.23、0.35±0.26、0.55±0.39、0.71±0.34,經(jīng)分析,各組視力較術(shù)前均有所提高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。單因素方差分析顯示,無(wú)積液組、1個(gè)月組患者視力比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),1個(gè)月組和3個(gè)月組患者視力比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),3個(gè)月組和6個(gè)月組患者視力比較有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后各組最佳矯正視力提高2行以上者所占比重分別為84.2%、80.0%、66.7%、60.0%。但四組之間相互比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.552)。對(duì)OCT資料進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,視網(wǎng)膜脫離范圍以及視網(wǎng)膜脫離時(shí)間為影響黃斑下積液吸收的因素(rs=0.544,P<0.001、rs=0.716,P<0.001)。見(jiàn)表2~4。
表2 各組最佳矯正視力統(tǒng)計(jì)情況比較[n(%)]
P=0.552
表3 視網(wǎng)膜脫離范圍和黃斑下積液之間的關(guān)系比較(n)
P=0.010
表4 視網(wǎng)膜脫離時(shí)間和黃斑下積液之間的關(guān)系比較(n)
P=0.001
RRD外路術(shù)后黃斑下積液作是一常見(jiàn)的病理現(xiàn)象,但目前關(guān)于其發(fā)生的機(jī)制還十分不確定。既往研究認(rèn)為RRD 復(fù)位術(shù)后視網(wǎng)膜下液的產(chǎn)生及持續(xù)存在可能與視網(wǎng)膜下液中復(fù)合物的存在、視網(wǎng)膜下液的粘稠度及 RPE 的吞噬功能障礙有關(guān)[6,7],也有研究認(rèn)為可能與加壓影響了黃斑下脈絡(luò)膜和視網(wǎng)膜的血液循環(huán),改變了 RPE 的極性,造成液體的漏出。更多人認(rèn)為主要是由于血-視網(wǎng)膜屏障的破壞[8]。
本文觀察RRD患者鞏膜扣帶術(shù)后黃斑部積液情況,從患者的視網(wǎng)膜脫離時(shí)間及脫離范圍2個(gè)方面分析其與RRD鞏膜扣帶術(shù)后黃斑部積液吸收的相關(guān)性。得出結(jié)論:視網(wǎng)膜脫離時(shí)間和脫離范圍對(duì)黃斑下積液的吸收有影響,視網(wǎng)膜脫離時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),脫離范圍越大,黃斑下積液吸收時(shí)間就越長(zhǎng),這可能是由于視網(wǎng)膜脫離時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),脫離范圍越大造成更嚴(yán)重的血-視網(wǎng)膜屏障的破壞;同時(shí)黃斑下積液吸收時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短可影響患者術(shù)后視力恢復(fù),積液持續(xù)時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)對(duì)患者視力損害就越大。這些對(duì)預(yù)測(cè)患者術(shù)后視功能的恢復(fù)具有一定的意義。研究表明,黃斑下積液會(huì)延緩患者視力恢復(fù)這點(diǎn)已經(jīng)成為共識(shí),但是否會(huì)影響患者最終視力目前還存在著一定的爭(zhēng)議,有很多學(xué)者認(rèn)為無(wú)影響[9],而部分學(xué)者保持相左觀點(diǎn)[10,11],本研究觀察時(shí)間短,納入病例數(shù)較少,仍需大樣本長(zhǎng)期的隨訪觀察。
綜上所言,黃斑下積液作為視網(wǎng)膜脫離外路手術(shù)后的一種常見(jiàn)病理現(xiàn)象,對(duì)患者視力恢復(fù)會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的影響,及時(shí)預(yù)測(cè)到患者視力恢復(fù),做好醫(yī)患溝通,在臨床中應(yīng)引起重視。
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(收稿:2017-02-07)
OCT observation and related factors of macular effusion after scleral buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
SunYongjuan,LiShouling.
TheFirstAffiliatedHospitalofAnhuiMedicalUniversity,Hefei,Anhui230022,China
Objective To observe macular effusion in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment patients after scleral buckling surgery by using OCT, and to analyze the related factors.Methods Patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment who came to our hospital for treatment between August 2015 and December 2016, a total of 40 cases (40 eyes), were enrolled. Patients were treated with sclera buckling surgery and the postoperative retina reattachment was successful. Patients were re-evaluated for best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and were assessed with optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 15 days, 1, 3 and 6 months.?According to the rate of fluid absorption, patients were divided into 4 groups-no effusion at 15 days, cleared at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. Data were analyzed to compare between these groups. Results There were 19 eyes that had no effusion in macular area at 15 days. Effusion cleared later in other eyes, at 1 month (10 eyes), 3 months (6 eyes) and up to 6 months (5 eyes). Mean logMAR was 1.29±0.72 before the surgery and was 0.31±0.23, 0.35±0.26, 0.55±0.39, and 0.71±0.34 in the 4 groups, respectively. According to Single factor analysis of variance, BCVA improved in all groups (P<0.05). Analysis of OCT scanning data showed that the scope of retinal detachment and retinal detachment duration were associated with the absorption of the effusion in the macular area (rs=0.544, rs=0.716). Conclusions The scope of retinal detachment and retinal detachment duration are the main factors related to the absorption of the effusion in the macular area and the recovery of visual acuity.
Optical coherence tomography; Scleral buckling surgery ; Macular effusion
10.3969/j.issn.1006-8422.2017.04.006
230022 合肥,安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院眼科
李壽玲(Email:shoulingli@126.com)