萬(wàn) 頌,習(xí) 明,華 偉,曾昭昌,劉遠(yuǎn)靈,周宇林,江福能,萬(wàn)躍平
·臨床醫(yī)學(xué)·
·論著·
SOX9在膀胱癌中的表達(dá)和分析
萬(wàn) 頌,習(xí) 明,華 偉,曾昭昌,劉遠(yuǎn)靈,周宇林,江福能,萬(wàn)躍平
目的 檢測(cè)在膀胱癌中SOX9的表達(dá)情況,探討其在膀胱癌中發(fā)生、發(fā)展可能起的作用。方法 選取近5年在廣州市花都區(qū)人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科住院行膀胱癌手術(shù)的80例患者的病理標(biāo)本,以60例膀胱癌組織作為研究組,20例膀胱癌旁組織作為對(duì)照組,采用免疫組織化學(xué)染色及Western blot方法測(cè)定各組研究對(duì)象中SOX9蛋白的表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果 SOX9在膀胱癌組織中陽(yáng)性表達(dá)區(qū)域主要出現(xiàn)在細(xì)胞核,在膀胱癌旁組織中陽(yáng)性表達(dá)區(qū)域主要在細(xì)胞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞核。SOX9在膀胱癌中的表達(dá)比在膀胱癌旁中的高,SOX9在膀胱癌中是癌與非癌的表達(dá)為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001),而與年齡、性別和臨床病理分期無(wú)關(guān)(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 SOX9在膀胱癌中表達(dá)升高,且在癌與非癌中表達(dá)有差異,可能成為膀胱癌新的診斷標(biāo)志物。
SOX9;膀胱癌;免疫組化;癌與非癌;診斷標(biāo)志物
膀胱癌是泌尿系統(tǒng)中最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤,也是全身十大常見(jiàn)腫瘤之一,居我國(guó)泌尿生殖系腫瘤發(fā)病率第1位,而在西方其發(fā)病率僅次于前列腺癌,居第2位[1]。目前癌癥預(yù)測(cè)和治療大部分是根據(jù)醫(yī)生的經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)決定的,存在著判斷錯(cuò)誤風(fēng)險(xiǎn),且膀胱癌在臨床檢測(cè)中還沒(méi)有一個(gè)比較精準(zhǔn)的標(biāo)志物。SOX9屬于性別決定基因簇SOX[SRY(sex-determining region Y) box],其影響著男性的性別決定、軟骨形成、神經(jīng)發(fā)生和神經(jīng)嵴的發(fā)展[2-5]。先前的研究也曾報(bào)道,在前列腺癌(prosate cancer, PCa)患者中SOX9血清水平的增加可能提示PCa侵略性腫瘤進(jìn)展和預(yù)后不良,建議將其潛在作為PCa的血清學(xué)腫瘤標(biāo)記[6]。然而SOX9表達(dá)的臨床意義和功能特征還未見(jiàn)報(bào)道,因此本課題重點(diǎn)觀察SOX9蛋白在膀胱癌組織及癌旁組織中的表達(dá)差異,探討其在膀胱癌中發(fā)生、發(fā)展中可能起的作用。
1.1 材料 所有膀胱癌標(biāo)本來(lái)自廣州市花都區(qū)人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科近5年住院的膀胱癌手術(shù)患者。所有患者手術(shù)前未經(jīng)過(guò)放療 、化療等針對(duì)腫瘤的任何治療, 并有患者手術(shù)前后完整的病案資料。所選取的60例膀胱癌標(biāo)本,均通過(guò)病理檢查證實(shí)為膀胱癌, 作為研究組。同時(shí)選取20例膀胱癌旁組織標(biāo)本,作為對(duì)照組。所獲取標(biāo)本均經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)并征得患者本人或家屬的同意,入選患者均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 試劑 兔抗人SOX9多克隆抗體購(gòu)自abcam公司,兔抗人β-catenin多克隆抗體購(gòu)自武漢博士德公司,組織總蛋白抽提試劑盒、West blot試劑盒購(gòu)自上??党缮锕こ坦?。
1.3 方法 (1)免疫組化SP法。手術(shù)標(biāo)本均經(jīng)4%多聚甲醛固定,常規(guī)石蠟包埋,4 μm厚連續(xù)切片,切片染色前常規(guī)脫蠟、水化,高溫修復(fù)抗原,全部操作按照SP試劑盒說(shuō)明完成。用已知的陽(yáng)性切片作為陽(yáng)性對(duì)照,用磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)代替一抗作為陰性對(duì)照,每次試驗(yàn)均設(shè)置陰性對(duì)照。(2)Western blot方法。手術(shù)標(biāo)本至-80℃冰箱保存,提取組織總蛋白,加入蛋白裂解液,用勻漿器裂解組織蛋白。每25μg等份變性蛋白經(jīng)SDS-PAGE凝膠電泳,然后將蛋白電轉(zhuǎn)至PVDF 膜, 5%的脫脂牛奶封閉,搖床搖動(dòng)封閉2 h,將對(duì)應(yīng)的蛋白一抗和內(nèi)參進(jìn)行4℃孵育過(guò)夜。將一抗回收,用TBST洗脫液漂洗,將目的PVDF膜裝入配制好的二抗進(jìn)行常溫孵育1 h,使用HRP-ECL發(fā)光法,最后進(jìn)行曝光處理。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件處理,所有實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)均用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,計(jì)量資料分別采用重復(fù)測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的方差分析或兩獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 免疫組化結(jié)果 SOX9在20例膀胱癌旁組織中陽(yáng)性表達(dá)區(qū)域主要出現(xiàn)在細(xì)胞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞核,免疫組化評(píng)分為(5.15±4.17)分;SOX9在60例膀胱癌中陽(yáng)性表達(dá)區(qū)域主要在細(xì)胞核,免疫組化評(píng)分為(8.10±2.64)分。2組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。見(jiàn)圖1。60例膀胱癌患者病理樣本年齡、性別、臨床病理分期差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
注:A、B:膀胱癌旁組織中SOX9的表達(dá),C、D:膀胱癌組織中SOX9的表達(dá)圖1 SOX9在膀胱癌組織及癌旁組織中的表達(dá)
臨床特征例數(shù)SOX9表達(dá)P值年齡(歲) <60217.90±2.930.693 ≥60398.21±2.51性別 男468.93±2.270.182 女147.85±2.72臨床病理分期 ≤2398.21±2.730.784 >2198.00±2.63
2.2 Western blot結(jié)果 SOX9蛋白在膀胱癌及癌旁組織中的表達(dá)分別是9.34±2.68和6.66±1.90,2組間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)圖2。
圖2 SOX9蛋白在膀胱癌及癌旁中的表達(dá)
在關(guān)于各種癌癥中SOX9的表達(dá)研究中,高表達(dá)SOX9往往與病人的不良預(yù)后相關(guān)。2013年Zhu H等[7]發(fā)現(xiàn)在骨肉瘤患者中SOX9過(guò)表達(dá)影響總體存活率和復(fù)發(fā)率,這表明SOX9可以成為骨肉瘤患者腫瘤進(jìn)展和預(yù)后的標(biāo)志物。2014年Qin等[8]進(jìn)一步證實(shí)SOX9和前列腺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展相關(guān),這符合筆者先前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)上調(diào)SOX9與PCa的進(jìn)展和不良預(yù)后明顯相關(guān)。2015年Xia等[9]發(fā)現(xiàn)在胰腺導(dǎo)管腺癌中SOX9的過(guò)表達(dá)同遠(yuǎn)端轉(zhuǎn)移和不良預(yù)后相關(guān),表明SOX9在胰腺導(dǎo)管腺癌的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起了重要作用。
新的標(biāo)志物對(duì)于癌癥的診斷與治療都是非常有意義的。SOX9蛋白表達(dá)在腫瘤組織中高于相鄰的良性組織,而SOX9染色差異存在于各種腫瘤組織中。在乳腺癌和肺癌細(xì)胞中,SOX9蛋白表達(dá)在細(xì)胞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞核。在PCa、胃癌和結(jié)直腸癌組織中,SOX9在細(xì)胞核染色是局部的,適度的細(xì)胞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞核染色可以發(fā)現(xiàn)前列腺癌相鄰的良性前列腺細(xì)胞。本研究顯示了類似的結(jié)果,觀察染色在膀胱癌組織中的細(xì)胞核,而在相鄰的良性組織,SOX9抗體染色在細(xì)胞質(zhì)和細(xì)胞核。
筆者通過(guò)對(duì)60例膀胱癌組織和20例膀胱癌旁組織的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)SOX9在膀胱癌組織中表達(dá)升高,與年齡、性別和臨床分期無(wú)關(guān)。因此SOX9可以作為膀胱癌的新的診斷標(biāo)志物。
[1] Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2016[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2016, 66(1): 7-30. DOI:10.3322/caac.21332.
[2] Kent J, Wheatley SC, Andrews JE, et al. A male-specific role for SOX9 in vertebrate sex determination[J]. Development, 1996, 122(9): 2813-2822.
[3] Lefebvre V, Huang W, Harley VR, et al. SOX9 is a potent activator of the chondrocyte-specific enhancer of the pro alpha1(II) collagen gene[J]. Mol Cell Biol, 1997, 17(4): 2336-2346. DOI:10.1128/mcb.17.4.2336.
[4] Stolt CC, Lommes P, Sock E, et al. The SOX9 transcription factor determines glial fate choice in the developing spinal cord[J]. Genes Dev, 2003, 17(13): 1677-1689. DOI:10.1101/gad.259003.
[5] Perez-Alcala S, Nieto MA, Barbas JA. LSOX5 regulates RhoB expression in the neural tube and promotes generation of the neural crest[J]. Development, 2004, 131(18): 4455-4465. DOI:10.1242/dev.01329.
[6] Zhong WD, Qin GQ, Dai QS, et al. SOXs in human prostate cancer: implication as progression and prognosis factors[J]. BMC Cancer, 2012, 12: 248. DOI:10.1186/1471-2407-12-248.
[7] Zhu H, Tang J, Tang M, et al. Upregulation of SOX9 in osteosarcoma and its association with tumor progression and patients' prognosis[J]. Diagn Pathol, 2013, 8: 183. DOI:10.1186/1746-1596-8-183.
[8] Zhong W, Qin GQ, He HC, et al. Combined overexpression of HIVEP3 and SOX9 predicts unfavorable biochemical recurrence- free survival in patients with prostate cancer[J]. OncoTargets and Therapy, 2014: 137. DOI:10.2147/ott.s55432.
[9] Xia S, Feng Z, Qi X, et al. Clinical implication of Sox9 and activated Akt expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma[J]. Med Oncol, 2015, 32(1): 358. DOI:10.1007/s12032-014-0358-0.
(本文編輯:甘輝亮、邊冬冬)
Expression and analysis of SOX9 in urinary bladder carcinoma
WanSong,XiMing,HuaWei,ZengZhaochang,LiuYuanling,ZhouYulin,JiangFuneng,WanYiaoping
(UrinarySurgeryDepartment,HuadouPeople′sHospitalAffiliatedtotheSouthMedicalUniversity,Guangzhou510800,China)
Objective To detect the expression of SOX9 in urinary bladder carcinoma and explore its possible role in the occurrence and development of urinary bladder carcinoma.Methods Pathological samples of 80 patients who
surgery due to urinary bladder carcinoma in the Urinary Surgery Department of Huadou People's Hospital were collected for the study. Carcinoma tissues from 60 cases were used as the research group, and benign tissues from another 20 cases were used as the control group. The expressions level of SOX9 were detected in the research subjects of the 2 groups by using immunohistochemistry(IHC)and Western blot(WB).Results Positive immunostainings of SOX9 were observed in the nucleus of carcinoma cells, while the SOX9 positive immunostainings in benign tissues could be noticed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the surrounding gland epithelial cells. The expression level of SOX9 in bladder carcinoma was higher as compared with that of the benign tissue surrounding carcinoma, and the expression level of SOX9 in bladder carcinoma was higher than that of the benign tissues surrounding carcinoma. Statistical significance could be seen in the expression level of SOX9, when comparisons were made between carcinoma tissue and non-carcinoma tissue(P< 0.001). However, clinical pathological grading seemed to have no association with age and gender(P>0.05).Conclusion The expression level of SOX9 elevated in bladder carcinoma, and significant differences could be seen in the expressed levels of carcinoma and benign tissues, which might be a potential biomarker in the diagnosis of bladder carcinoma.
SOX9; Urinary bladder carcinoma; Immunohistochemistry; Cancer and non-cancer; Diagnostic marker
廣東省科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014A020212471);花都區(qū)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(HD15CXY005,15-HDWS-068)
510800 廣東 廣州,南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬花都區(qū)人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科(萬(wàn)頌、習(xí)明、華偉、曾昭昌、劉遠(yuǎn)靈、周宇林、萬(wàn)躍平);廣東省臨床分子醫(yī)學(xué)及分子診斷重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(江福能)
萬(wàn)躍平,電子信箱:songyouxiang@163.com
R373.14
A
10.3969/j.issn.1009-0754.2017.04.010
2017-03-22)