徐鵬程,范方媛,陸德彪,金 晶,龔淑英*
(1.浙江大學(xué)茶葉研究所,杭州310058;2.浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心,杭州310020)
不同品種大佛龍井茶的湯色與滋味屬性特征
徐鵬程1,范方媛1,陸德彪2,金 晶2,龔淑英1*1
(1.浙江大學(xué)茶葉研究所,杭州310058;2.浙江省農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣中心,杭州310020)
通過(guò)對(duì)“浙農(nóng)113”、“平陽(yáng)特早茶”、“迎霜”、“龍井43”、“嘉茗1號(hào)”、“翠峰”、“白葉1號(hào)”、“鳩坑群體種”8個(gè)品種加工的大佛龍井茶進(jìn)行感官屬性量化描述、品質(zhì)成分定量檢測(cè)及兩者間的相關(guān)性分析,深入探究大佛龍井茶湯色與滋味的特征屬性。結(jié)果表明,“龍井43”、“迎霜”和“嘉茗1號(hào)”的綜合感官品質(zhì)較優(yōu)。色差分析結(jié)果表明,亮度高、黃綠度適中的大佛龍井茶湯品質(zhì)較高,且楊梅素苷類(lèi)和槲皮素苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)與大佛龍井茶湯色澤有顯著相關(guān)性。在滋味屬性因子中苦度及澀度與大佛龍井茶湯滋味有顯著相關(guān)性,而厚度滋味的感受是對(duì)單獨(dú)味覺(jué)的補(bǔ)充,可能會(huì)對(duì)茶湯風(fēng)味起到至關(guān)重要的作用。不同品種大佛龍井茶的滋味成分含量差異顯著,鮮味氨基酸與鮮度呈顯著正相關(guān),咖啡堿、表沒(méi)食子兒茶素、表沒(méi)食子兒茶素沒(méi)食子酸酯、沒(méi)食子兒茶素沒(méi)食子酸酯和楊梅素苷類(lèi)與苦度、澀度呈顯著正相關(guān),與甜度呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。黃酮苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)雖然在茶湯中含量較少,但表現(xiàn)出與大佛龍井茶湯色和滋味屬性較為顯著的相關(guān)性。
大佛龍井茶;湯色;滋味;定量描述
Summary Dafo Longjing tea,as one oftop ten famous teas in Zhejiang Province,is mainly produced in Xinchang County and popular with consumers because of its fresh-tender aroma and soft-mellow taste.It is significantly differentfrom other kinds of Longjing teas including famous Xihu-Longjing tea,and occupies large market share;however,studies on quality features and related components of Dafo Longjing tea are rather few at present.In order to delve deeply into the mechanism of quality formation of Dafo Longjing tea,systematic analyses ofcorrelation between liquor-taste properties and chemicalconstituents were performed in this study.
Dafo Longjing teas were processed by traditional processing procedure with fresh leaf from cultivars“Zhenong 113”,“Pingyang-tezao tea”,“Yingshuang”,“Longjing 43”,“Jiaming 1”,“Cuifeng”,“Baiye 1”and“Jiukeng”.The quality of the made teas was assessed by sensory evaluation,which showed thatallofthe samples made from differentcultivars were accorded with the typical characteristic of flat,straight and bright appearance.The overall qualities of samples from“Longjing 43”,“Yingshuang”and“Jiaming 1”were superior to others,with the score of 94.80,94.50 and 94.50 respectively.Characteristic constituents in tea samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography.The resultindicated thatthe“Jiukeng”and“Cuifeng”were with high content of catechins,and“Longjing 43”was with high content of gallic acid,and“Baiye 1”was with high content of amino acids.Flavonol glycosides,as essential functional ingredients with low content,were different in contentamong allthe eighttea cultivars.
As color indicators and representative of light-dark,red-green and yellow-blue degree respectively,values of L,a,and b were read to analyze the color difference of tea infusion.The result combined with sensory evaluation suggested that Dafo Longjing tea with high brightness and moderate yellow-green degree had good quality.What’s more,the result of tea infusion color difference analysis showed significant correlation with sensory evaluation,indicating that liquid quality of Dafo Longjing teas could be quantitative description by color indicators.Taken chemical determination together with color indicator analysis, we found that flavonol glycosides,especially myricetin glycosides and quercetin glycosides,had a significant impact on liquid color quality.Signal factor evaluation of taste characteristics could make sensory concept concretely and vividly,helping to understand product’s features.In this study,taste factors ofumami,sweet,bitter,astringentand kokumiwere scored by sensory experts.The result showed that bitter and astringent as important factors were speculated to have significant impact on taste quality of Dafo Longjing tea.In combination with quantitative analysis of chemical constituents,we found that flavonol glycosides were significantly correlated with taste factors ofbitter,astringentand kokumi.
Above all,color-indicator determination and signal factor evaluation can make sensory description of liquid and taste concretely and vividly.Moreover,flavonol glycosides as important chemical constituents have significant impact on liquid and taste quality,though with low contentin Dafo Longjing tea.In the future,studies on the interaction between flavonolglycosides and other components willbe explored furtherto illuminate the function mechanism ofcharacteristic flavor.
茶葉作為世界三大飲料之一,是我國(guó)重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。茶葉及其提取物具有抗氧化[1]、消炎殺菌[2]、舒緩神經(jīng)[3]、抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖[4]等生理作用。茶葉作為一種消費(fèi)飲品,其湯色、滋味及香氣是主要的風(fēng)味品質(zhì)特征,也是影響消費(fèi)者選擇的關(guān)鍵因素。大佛龍井茶是浙江省十大名茶之一,主要產(chǎn)自浙江省新昌縣,其外形扁平(形似碗釘)、色澤嫩綠、湯色杏綠、清香持久、滋味鮮醇、葉底嫩綠勻整[5],品質(zhì)優(yōu)良,深受人們喜愛(ài)。本文利用感官審評(píng)及品質(zhì)成分定量檢測(cè),結(jié)合湯色滋味屬性與化學(xué)成分的相關(guān)性研究,對(duì)用不同茶樹(shù)品種鮮葉制成的大佛龍井茶湯色及滋味進(jìn)行全面分析,為進(jìn)一步探究大佛龍井茶品質(zhì)形成機(jī)制提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1 材料與試劑
選取“浙農(nóng)113”、“平陽(yáng)特早茶”、“迎霜”、“龍井43”、“嘉茗1號(hào)(烏牛早)”、“翠峰”、“白葉1號(hào)”、“鳩坑群體種”共8個(gè)不同茶樹(shù)品種,于春季采摘其一芽二葉,按相同的工藝流程加工為成品茶樣。
實(shí)驗(yàn)所用8種兒茶素單體、沒(méi)食子酸、3種生物堿單體、20種氨基酸單體及8種黃酮苷類(lèi)單體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品純度均≥98%,購(gòu)于上海阿拉丁試劑公司;乙腈、甲醇、甲酸均為色譜純,購(gòu)于美國(guó)Tedia公司;鄰苯二甲醛(ortho-phthalaldehyde,OPA)、氯甲酸芴甲酯(fluorenylmethylchloroformate,FMOC)均購(gòu)于上海阿拉丁試劑公司。
1.2 樣品處理
準(zhǔn)確稱(chēng)取3.00(±0.01)g茶樣,加入沸水150 mL,浸提5 min后,將茶湯倒盡置于審評(píng)碗中,部分用于茶樣感官審評(píng)及茶湯色度值檢測(cè),部分過(guò)0.45μm膜后-20℃凍存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.3 感官審評(píng)
根據(jù)《茶葉感官審評(píng)方法》(GB/T 23776—2009),由7位專(zhuān)業(yè)評(píng)茶師對(duì)各茶樣進(jìn)行感官審評(píng)。
滋味定量描述:根據(jù)《茶葉感官審評(píng)方法》(GB/ T 23776—2009)準(zhǔn)備茶湯,由7位專(zhuān)業(yè)評(píng)茶師對(duì)各茶湯的鮮、甜、苦、澀、厚5項(xiàng)滋味特征進(jìn)行評(píng)審賦分,采用10分制(0~2微強(qiáng),2~4較強(qiáng),4~6強(qiáng),6~8很強(qiáng),8~10極強(qiáng))[6]。
1.4 成分檢測(cè)分析方法
水分含量:參照《茶水分測(cè)定》(GB/T 8304—2013);水浸出物:參照《茶水浸出物測(cè)定》(GB/T 8305—2013);可溶性總糖:蒽酮-硫酸法。
兒茶素、生物堿組分采用高效液相色譜法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC),檢測(cè)條件如下。色譜柱:AgilentTC-C18柱(4.6 mm× 250 mm,5μm);流動(dòng)相A:0.1%甲酸水溶液,流動(dòng)相B:0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液;流速1 mL/min,柱溫33℃,進(jìn)樣量10μL,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)280 nm。洗脫梯度:0~25 min,10%~30%B;25 min下降至10% B;25~30 min,10%B。
黃酮苷類(lèi)的HPLC檢測(cè)分析條件如下。色譜柱:AgilentTC-C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm);流動(dòng)相A:0.1%甲酸水溶液,流動(dòng)相B:0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液;流速1 mL/min,柱溫33℃,進(jìn)樣量10μL,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)360 nm。洗脫梯度:0~55 min,20%~50%B;55 min下降至20%B;55~60 min,20%B。
氨基酸組分的HPLC檢測(cè)分析條件如下。色譜柱:Zorbax Eclipse-AAA柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,3.5μm);流動(dòng)相A:40 mmol/L Na2HPO4,流動(dòng)相B:V(乙腈)∶V(甲醇)∶V(水)=45∶45∶10;流速1.5 mL/min,柱溫40℃,進(jìn)樣量10μL,發(fā)射波長(zhǎng)340 nm,接收波長(zhǎng)450 nm。洗脫梯度:0~18 min,5%~60%B;18~23 min,60%~100% B;23 min下降至5%B;23~28 min,5%B。
1.5 數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析
各處理均設(shè)3次重復(fù),利用Excel2010進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,處理間比較采用最小顯著差異法(least significantdifference,LSD);采用SAS 9.2軟件進(jìn)行相關(guān)性和方差分析。
2.1 感官審評(píng)結(jié)果
不同茶樹(shù)品種鮮葉經(jīng)一致的工藝流程加工成大佛龍井成茶的感官審評(píng)結(jié)果如表1所示。8個(gè)不同品種的成茶均符合大佛龍井茶扁平、挺直、尖削的外形要求。干茶在色澤上因品種差異而表現(xiàn)不同:“浙農(nóng)113”與“翠峰”品種的大佛龍井成茶呈翠綠色,“鳩坑群體種”成茶呈尚綠帶黃。在內(nèi)質(zhì)上,“迎霜”和“嘉茗1號(hào)”湯色嫩綠明亮,滋味鮮爽;“龍井43”湯色杏綠明亮,滋味醇爽??傮w上,用“龍井43”、“迎霜”和“嘉茗1號(hào)”制得的大佛龍井茶感官品質(zhì)較優(yōu),審評(píng)總分分別為94.80、94.50和94.50;而在本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,用“翠峰”制得的大佛龍井茶總得分最低,品質(zhì)欠佳。
表1 不同品種大佛龍井茶感官審評(píng)結(jié)果Table1 Sensory evaluation results ofDafo Longjing tea processed from differentcultivars
表1 (續(xù))Continuation of Table 1
2.2 茶湯品質(zhì)成分定量分析
茶湯中生物堿含量如表2所示,其范圍為476.91~953.76μg/mL,咖啡堿含量在3種生物堿中最高,占生物堿總量的60%以上,其中在“嘉茗1號(hào)”品種茶湯中咖啡堿可占到約96%。
不同品種大佛龍井茶湯中沒(méi)食子酸及兒茶素單體含量如表3所示。8個(gè)品種的兒茶素組分總量范圍在1 060.71~2 129.46μg/mL之間,其中“鳩坑群體種”與“翠峰”品種茶湯中兒茶素總量及EGCG含量顯著高于其他幾個(gè)品種,其他兒茶素單體在不同品種中的含量存在較大差異?!鞍兹~1號(hào)”作為白化品種,其兒茶素總量及各單體含量均較低,與前人研究結(jié)果一致[7]。在8個(gè)茶樹(shù)品種中,“嘉茗1號(hào)”的沒(méi)食子酸質(zhì)量濃度最低,為8.85μg/mL,而其他品種均高于10μg/mL,其中“龍井43”高達(dá)17.31μg/mL。
表2 不同品種大佛龍井茶茶湯中生物堿質(zhì)量濃度Table2 Contents ofalkaloids in Dafo Longjing tea infusions processed from differentcultivarsμg/mL
表4為不同品種大佛龍井茶湯中的氨基酸含量。結(jié)果顯示,在茶湯中共檢測(cè)到20種氨基酸。其中,茶氨酸的含量最高,占氨基酸總量的34%~47%,其次為天門(mén)冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)、谷氨酰胺(Gln)、精氨酸(Arg)和天門(mén)冬酰胺(Asn)。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中不同品種大佛龍井茶湯氨基酸總量在320.37~698.68μg/mL之間,其中“白葉1號(hào)”的氨基酸總量最高,為698.68μg/mL,顯著高于其他品種。已有研究顯示,“白葉1號(hào)”是低溫敏感型白化品種,在白化期間其氨基酸含量會(huì)顯著上升[8]。
表4 不同品種大佛龍井茶茶湯中氨基酸組分質(zhì)量濃度Table4 Contents ofamino acids in Dafo Longjing tea infusions processed from differentcultivarsμg/mL
此外,本實(shí)驗(yàn)在8個(gè)不同茶樹(shù)品種制成的大佛龍井茶湯中共檢測(cè)到7種黃酮苷類(lèi)物質(zhì),主要為楊梅素苷、槲皮素苷及山柰酚苷類(lèi)物質(zhì),其組分含量如表5所示。7種黃酮苷總量在59.55~90.72μg/mL之間,其中“鳩坑群體種”含量最高,“翠峰”品種含量最低;黃酮苷組分中山柰酚苷占比最小,僅為7種黃酮苷總量的1.08%~4.84%;楊梅素苷和槲皮素苷含量因茶樹(shù)品種不同而存在一定的差異:“浙農(nóng)113”的楊梅素苷含量最高,而“鳩坑群體種”的槲皮素苷含量最高;就黃酮苷單體含量而言,用“浙農(nóng)113”、“翠峰”、“迎霜”3個(gè)品種制成的大佛龍井茶湯中以楊梅素-3-O-鼠李糖苷含量最高,其他品種的大佛龍井茶湯中以槲皮素3-D-半乳糖苷含量最高。
表5 不同品種大佛龍井茶茶湯中黃酮苷類(lèi)組分質(zhì)量濃度Table5 Contents offlavonolglycosides in Dafo Longjing tea infusions processed from differentcultivarsμg/mL
2.3 茶湯品質(zhì)成分與茶湯色澤相關(guān)性分析
2.3.1 茶湯色澤屬性量化分析
依據(jù)亨特-Lab表色系原理[9],對(duì)不同品種大佛龍井茶湯色的L、a、b、C值進(jìn)行測(cè)定(表6)。其中:L代表明度,其值越大說(shuō)明樣品明亮程度越高;a值代表紅綠色度,正值表示紅色程度,負(fù)值表示綠色程度;b值代表黃藍(lán)色度,正值表示黃色程度,負(fù)值表示藍(lán)色程度;C代表色調(diào)彩度。結(jié)果顯示,大佛龍井茶湯L值較大,a值為負(fù),b值為正,C值在10~23之間。這表明大佛龍井茶普遍具有茶湯明亮、湯色偏綠略帶黃的典型特征。在不同色度指標(biāo)中b、C值的相對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差較大,說(shuō)明茶湯的黃度及色彩鮮艷度是影響不同品種大佛龍井茶湯色品質(zhì)的主要因素。“浙農(nóng)113”與“翠峰”品種的b、C值都明顯高于其他幾個(gè)品種,與感官審評(píng)中湯色得分低于其他品種的結(jié)果相一致;“嘉茗1號(hào)”的L、a值相對(duì)最大,b、C值相對(duì)最小,其湯色得分也相對(duì)最高。相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),L值、a值與湯色評(píng)分呈極顯著正相關(guān),而b值、C值與湯色評(píng)分呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),說(shuō)明明亮度高、黃綠度適中的茶湯品質(zhì)較高。該結(jié)果也表明色差分析能夠較為精確科學(xué)的量化茶湯色澤屬性。
表6 大佛龍井茶茶湯色度值Table6 Chromatic values of Dafo Longjing tea infusions
2.3.2 呈色物質(zhì)與茶湯色澤的相關(guān)性分析
對(duì)大佛龍井茶湯中各化學(xué)組分與茶湯色澤的相關(guān)性分析(表7)表明:黃酮苷中楊梅素苷類(lèi)與b、C色度值指標(biāo)呈極顯著正相關(guān),而與a值呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與L值呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);槲皮素苷類(lèi)與L值、a值呈顯著正相關(guān),而與b值和C值呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);山柰酚苷與各色度值指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性都不顯著。上述結(jié)果表明,在大佛龍井茶湯中槲皮素苷與茶湯的亮度及紅綠色度有顯著相關(guān)性,而楊梅素苷與茶湯的黃藍(lán)度及色調(diào)彩度有極顯著相關(guān)性。已有研究顯示,茶葉中黃酮醇及其苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)有20多種,其水溶液為綠黃色,對(duì)綠茶湯色的形成作用較大[10-12]。WANG等[11]在對(duì)綠茶茶湯中3種黃酮醇與湯色的關(guān)系研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),槲皮素與茶湯色澤紅綠度有較高的相關(guān)性,而楊梅素、山柰素與湯色的相關(guān)性非常低。朱博等[12]在對(duì)六安瓜片茶湯貯藏過(guò)程中色度值及黃酮苷含量變化的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),只有楊梅素苷與茶湯的紅綠度、黃藍(lán)度呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),而槲皮素和山柰素及其苷類(lèi)與茶湯色澤變化關(guān)系不密切。推測(cè)上述研究表現(xiàn)出的結(jié)果差異主要是由于茶湯浸提方法不同及黃酮苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)檢測(cè)差異造成的。賴(lài)凌凌等[13]在對(duì)福建綠茶色度值與呈色物質(zhì)相關(guān)性的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),多酚類(lèi)物質(zhì)主要通過(guò)黃酮類(lèi)物質(zhì)間接影響茶湯亮度、綠度和黃度,并且其影響趨勢(shì)均與黃酮類(lèi)物質(zhì)相反。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),茶湯中總兒茶素含量和色度指標(biāo)間存在較弱的相關(guān)性,而黃酮苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)對(duì)湯色影響較大,尤其是楊梅素苷類(lèi)和槲皮素苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)對(duì)大佛龍井茶湯色澤貢獻(xiàn)較大。
2.4 茶湯品質(zhì)成分與滋味屬性相關(guān)性分析
2.4.1 茶湯滋味特征屬性量化描述分析
對(duì)不同品種大佛龍井茶湯滋味分屬性評(píng)審結(jié)果(表8)表明,在供試的8個(gè)不同品種中,“白葉1號(hào)”及“龍井43”鮮度感最優(yōu),“嘉茗1號(hào)”表現(xiàn)出較高的甜度感,而“浙農(nóng)113”、“鳩坑群體種”和“翠峰”品種的苦澀度較強(qiáng),“翠峰”的厚度感最強(qiáng)。相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),苦度和澀度屬性與滋味得分呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),推測(cè)苦澀度可能是影響大佛龍井茶滋味品質(zhì)的關(guān)鍵屬性因子。
表7 呈色物質(zhì)與茶湯色度值的相關(guān)性Table7 Correlation between coloringredients and chromatic values
表8 茶湯滋味分屬性量化分析結(jié)果Table8 Analysis oftaste quality attributes oftea infusions
2.4.2 呈味物質(zhì)含量與滋味感官特征評(píng)分的相關(guān)性分析
不同品種大佛龍井茶因茶湯中可溶性糖、兒茶素、生物堿、氨基酸、黃酮苷類(lèi)等化合物的含量、比例不同,形成了不同的滋味特征。呈味物質(zhì)含量與感官特征的相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果(表9)顯示,水浸出物含量與甜度呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與苦度呈極顯著正相關(guān),與澀度和厚度呈顯著正相關(guān)。其中,兒茶素類(lèi)物質(zhì)中的EGC、EGCG及咖啡堿與苦度、澀度呈顯著正相關(guān);該結(jié)論與前人的研究結(jié)果相一致[14-17]。在20種被檢測(cè)到的氨基酸中,谷氨酸(Glu)、谷氨酰胺(Gln)、茶氨酸(The)與大佛龍井茶湯鮮度呈顯著正相關(guān),說(shuō)明氨基酸是綠茶茶湯鮮度感的重要來(lái)源[18]。已有相關(guān)研究顯示,黃酮苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)在達(dá)到閾值之后不僅能產(chǎn)生柔和的澀感,還能增強(qiáng)咖啡堿的苦味[19-20],如在沖泡過(guò)程中西湖龍井茶槲皮素-3-O-蕓香糖苷的Dot值(滋味物質(zhì)實(shí)際濃度與其閾值的比值)最高可達(dá)4萬(wàn),比其他黃酮苷類(lèi)高出3~4個(gè)數(shù)量級(jí)[21]。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,黃酮苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)中的楊梅苷類(lèi)與大佛龍井茶湯的苦度、澀度及厚度呈顯著正相關(guān),而與甜度呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。由此可見(jiàn),黃酮苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)雖含量相對(duì)較低,但對(duì)茶湯滋味具有較大的貢獻(xiàn)作用。
厚度滋味通常被描述為濃厚的、復(fù)雜的、滿口感。對(duì)人體感官神經(jīng)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),通過(guò)刺激一系列的鈣離子受體(CaSR)可以引起濃厚滋味[22]。能引起濃厚滋味的物質(zhì)很多,如γ-谷?;募叭哪芴嵘凉M口感和味覺(jué)復(fù)雜感[23-25],但是目前對(duì)于茶湯中厚味呈味物質(zhì)的研究還很少。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)咖啡堿、部分兒茶素、楊梅苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)及水浸出物含量與厚度有顯著相關(guān)性,而這些物質(zhì)都同時(shí)與苦澀度呈顯著正相關(guān);因此,推測(cè)茶湯滋味中的厚度感可能與苦澀感密切相關(guān),它們相互作用形成茶湯滋味品質(zhì)特征。
表9 呈味物質(zhì)含量與滋味感官特征評(píng)分的相關(guān)性Table9 Correlation between taste ingredientcontents and sensory characteristic scores
目前普遍認(rèn)為,綠茶的湯色以黃綠色為主,滋味以澀味和苦味為主,輔以較強(qiáng)的鮮味和較弱的甜味[26]。龍井茶作為茶中珍品,以湯色“杏綠明亮”及滋味“甘醇鮮爽”而著稱(chēng),其優(yōu)異的品質(zhì)倍受人們喜愛(ài)。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,用8種不同品種制得的大佛龍井茶均能較好地滿足其品質(zhì)特征要求,其中“龍井43”品種的大佛龍井茶綜合感官品質(zhì)最優(yōu)。
本研究應(yīng)用色度指標(biāo)及單因子評(píng)分分別對(duì)用8種不同品種制得的大佛龍井茶湯色和滋味屬性進(jìn)行量化分析。結(jié)果顯示:明度L、紅綠度a、黃藍(lán)度b及色調(diào)彩度C等色度指標(biāo)能夠較好地反映大佛龍井茶湯黃綠明亮的典型特征;同時(shí),分屬性量化及相關(guān)性分析顯示,茶湯苦澀度可能是影響大佛龍井茶滋味品質(zhì)的關(guān)鍵屬性因子。通過(guò)進(jìn)一步研究茶湯品質(zhì)成分含量對(duì)大佛龍井茶湯色和滋味品質(zhì)的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),在本實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下檢測(cè)到的7種黃酮苷總量?jī)H為兒茶素總量的5%左右,雖然在茶湯中含量較少,但與大佛龍井茶湯色和滋味屬性具有較為顯著的相關(guān)性。其中,槲皮素苷及楊梅素苷與大佛龍井茶湯的亮度、紅綠度及黃藍(lán)度等色度指標(biāo)顯著相關(guān);而楊梅苷類(lèi)與茶湯滋味屬性中的苦澀度、厚度呈顯著正相關(guān),與甜度呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。由此表明,黃酮苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)作為茶湯中的微量物質(zhì)能夠顯著影響大佛龍井茶湯色澤和滋味屬性,對(duì)茶湯特征風(fēng)味的形成起到至關(guān)重要的作用。已有研究顯示,茶湯特征屬性是各種內(nèi)含物質(zhì)作用的綜合表現(xiàn),各成分間的協(xié)同/拮抗作用也是影響茶湯滋味屬性的重要因素[27]。因此,未來(lái)可進(jìn)一步針對(duì)黃酮苷類(lèi)物質(zhì)與其他成分間的相互作用進(jìn)行深入探究,以明確特征風(fēng)味物質(zhì)的作用機(jī)制。
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Infusion color and taste characteristic of Dafo Longjing tea processed from different cultivars.Journal of Zhejiang University(Agric.&Life Sci.),2017,43(3):317-328
XU Pengcheng1,FAN Fangyuan1,LU Debiao2,JIN jing2,GONG Shuying1*
(1.Institute of Tea Science,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058,China;2.Zhejiang Agriculture-Technology Extension Center,Hangzhou 310020,China)
Dafo Longjing tea;infusion color;taste;quantitative description
TS 201;TS 272.5
A
10.3785/j.issn.1008-9209.2016.09.221
浙江省“三農(nóng)六方”科技協(xié)作計(jì)劃(CTZB-F150922AWZ-SNY1-14);國(guó)家茶葉產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(CARS-23)。
龔淑英(http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4424-0965),E-mail:shuygong@zju.edu.cn
(Firstauthor):徐鵬程(http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9915-6165),E-mail:xpc100544@126.com
2016-09-22;接受日期(Accepted):2016-11-23