語法學(xué)堂 助動(dòng)詞怎么"助"?

同學(xué)們的耳朵對(duì)“助動(dòng)詞”應(yīng)該很熟悉了吧？但助動(dòng)詞有哪些？助動(dòng)詞怎么“助”？能回答這些問題的同學(xué)就未必很多了。

首先，除了大家最常見的 “do/does/did”這“三劍客”外，“can/may/must”（它們的全稱其實(shí)是“情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞”）、“will/shall”以及它倆的過去式“would/should”等也是助動(dòng)詞，大家知道么？

接著，我們?cè)賮砜偨Y(jié)一下助動(dòng)詞的用法，也就是助動(dòng)詞到底怎么“助”的問題。

“助動(dòng)詞”的經(jīng)典用法有三種。

第一，是置于句首，以幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成疑問句。如：

1. Do you like English?

2. Does Ben like basketball?

3. Did you go to see the film last night?

4. Can you swim (fast)?

5. May I go with you (to Beijing)?

6. Must we leave soon?

7. Will you help me with my English?

8. Shall we meet at the school gate?

第二，是在其后加副詞not，以幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成否定句。如：

1. You do not like English, do you?

2. Ben does not like football, does he?

3. I did not go to see the film last night.

4. I cannot swim fast.

5. You must not be late.

6. I will not go to Beijing with you.

第三，是在其后接實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，以構(gòu)成完整的謂語或不同的時(shí)態(tài)。如

1. I can swim faster than you.

2. You may feel tired when you finish your homework.

3. I must go home now because it is too late.

4. I will go to the USA next year.

5. We shall work harder.

小總結(jié)：助動(dòng)詞之“助”，主要是幫助實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)現(xiàn)“疑問/否定”以及“時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)”等功能（這里只列出了“will/shall+原形動(dòng)詞”所構(gòu)成的一般將來時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)）。這下同學(xué)們明白了么？

大彩蛋：不管是肯定句、疑問句還是否定句，只要句子中出現(xiàn)了助動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞后的那個(gè)主動(dòng)詞一律要使用（被打回）原形！

（Benson 供稿）