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兩種化療方案對轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌外周血T細(xì)胞亞群和臨床預(yù)后影響的比較

2017-06-22 14:07:03王笑月史超凡
武警醫(yī)學(xué) 2017年6期
關(guān)鍵詞:貝伐轉(zhuǎn)移性單抗

呂 游,王笑月,史超凡,姜 威

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兩種化療方案對轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌外周血T細(xì)胞亞群和臨床預(yù)后影響的比較

呂 游1,王笑月1,史超凡1,姜 威2

目的 探討貝伐單抗聯(lián)合曲妥珠單抗+紫杉醇(TH)方案化療對人類表皮生長因子受體2(human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, Her-2)陽性的轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌患者外周血T細(xì)胞亞群和臨床預(yù)后的影響。方法 選取Her-2陽性的乳腺癌患者100例,隨機(jī)分為研究組和對照組;研究組采用貝伐單抗聯(lián)合TH方案化療,對照組僅采用TH方案化療。隨訪終點(diǎn)為2年,主要觀察指標(biāo)為CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞、實(shí)體瘤療效評價(jià)等級、無進(jìn)展生存期和2年病死率。結(jié)果 兩組治療前后CD8+T細(xì)胞差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。兩組治療前CD4+T細(xì)胞差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.422)。治療后,研究組CD4+T細(xì)胞顯著高于對照組(P=0.011)。研究組完全緩解、部分緩解、病情穩(wěn)定和病情進(jìn)展發(fā)生率分別為0.0%、36.0%、42.0%和22.0%,對照組為0.0%、18.0%、44.0%和38.0%。2年后,研究組9例死亡,病死率為18.0%,對照組20例死亡,病死率為40.0%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.015)。Wilcoxon檢驗(yàn)顯示研究組無進(jìn)展生存期顯著高于對照組(P=0.007)。結(jié)論 貝伐單抗聯(lián)合TH方案化療有助于改善Her-2陽性的轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌患者免疫功能和臨床預(yù)后。

轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌;人類表皮生長因子受體2;T細(xì)胞亞群;無進(jìn)展生存期;生存質(zhì)量

乳腺癌是中老年女性發(fā)病率最高的惡性腫瘤[1, 2],隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的發(fā)展,其病死率已明顯降低[3, 4]。人類表皮生長因子受體2(Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2, Her-2)高度表達(dá)與腫瘤細(xì)胞的快速增殖和侵襲緊密相關(guān)[5]。Keyhani等[6]發(fā)現(xiàn),Her-2陽性的乳腺癌發(fā)生率高達(dá)44.5%。對于Her-2陽性的乳腺癌,初診時(shí)部分患者已合并遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移,失去根治性切除的機(jī)會(huì),化療是常用的治療方法,其中常用的方案為曲妥珠單抗聯(lián)合紫杉醇,即TH方案[7,8]。貝伐單抗是一種血管內(nèi)皮生長因子抑制藥,可以通過抑制腫瘤血管的生成而降低腫瘤細(xì)胞生長和轉(zhuǎn)移的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本研究旨在探討貝伐單抗聯(lián)合TH方案化療對Her-2陽性的轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌患者外周血T細(xì)胞亞群和臨床預(yù)后的影響。

1 對象與方法

1.1 對象 選取2013-01至2015-01武警后勤學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院收治的Her-2陽性的乳腺癌患者100例,隨機(jī)分為研究組和對照組,每組50例。研究組34~65歲,平均(51.76±6.37)歲,浸潤型導(dǎo)管癌38例,小葉癌8例,黏液腺癌4例;32例為術(shù)后發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移,18例首診即確定為轉(zhuǎn)移,28例為肺轉(zhuǎn)移,14例為肝轉(zhuǎn)移,8例為其他部位轉(zhuǎn)移。對照組36~65歲,平均(52.08±5.88)歲,浸潤性導(dǎo)管癌41例,小葉癌6例,黏液腺癌3例;28例為術(shù)后發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移,22例為首診即確定轉(zhuǎn)移, 31例為肺轉(zhuǎn)移,15例為肝轉(zhuǎn)移,4例為其他部位轉(zhuǎn)移。兩組年齡、腫瘤細(xì)胞組織學(xué)類型、轉(zhuǎn)移部位等差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。所有患者均知情同意并簽署知情同意書,通過我院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。

1.2 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (1)轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌(經(jīng)術(shù)前穿刺或術(shù)中病理確診,同時(shí)合并有遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移);(2)Her-2陽性;(3)年齡≥18歲且≤65歲;(4)同意參與本研究。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并其他惡性腫瘤;(2)6個(gè)月內(nèi)曾發(fā)生心肌梗死、腦卒中、腦出血等嚴(yán)重心血管不良事件;(3)肝腎等臟器功能不全;(4)凝血功能障礙;(5)骨髓抑制;(6)甲狀腺功能不全;(7)急性或慢性感染期;(8)研究期間轉(zhuǎn)院、失訪、不配合治療或放棄治療。

1.3 治療方法 (1)研究組給予貝伐單抗聯(lián)合TH方案化療:曲妥珠單抗(美國基因科技公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:S20060026)首次劑量4 mg/kg,后續(xù)2 mg/kg,1次/周,共7~14次。紫杉醇(哈藥集團(tuán)生物工程有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20059962)175 mg/m2,第1天,靜脈點(diǎn)滴,3周為一療程。共2~4個(gè)療程。貝伐單抗(美國羅氏生物制藥公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字BS20067454)10 mg/kg,1次/2周,4周為一個(gè)周期。(2)對照組:僅給予TH方案,用法同研究組。

1.4 觀察指標(biāo) 觀察比較兩組化療前、化療開始后6個(gè)月時(shí)CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞、化療開始后6個(gè)月時(shí)健康相關(guān)的生存質(zhì)量(SF-36)、化療開始后6個(gè)月時(shí)實(shí)體瘤療效評價(jià)等級、化療相關(guān)并發(fā)癥、無進(jìn)展生存期和2年病死率。實(shí)體瘤療效評價(jià)等級:根據(jù)化療后患者情況將療效分為4個(gè)等級:(1)完全緩解:病灶消失4周以上;(2)部分緩解:病灶最大直徑縮小30%以上;(3)疾病穩(wěn)定:介于部分緩解和病情進(jìn)展之間;(4)病情進(jìn)展:病灶直徑增加20%以上或出現(xiàn)新病灶。

1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 應(yīng)用SPSS 22.0軟件,不同療效評價(jià)等級采用秩和檢驗(yàn);兩組無進(jìn)展生存期的差異采用生存函數(shù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié) 果

2.1 兩組化療前后CD4+T細(xì)胞和CD8+T細(xì)胞水平比較 兩組治療前后CD8+T細(xì)胞水平差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。兩組治療前CD4+T細(xì)胞差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,治療后研究組CD4+T細(xì)胞水平顯著高于對照組(P=0.011,表1)。

表1 兩組Her-2陽性乳腺癌患者化療前后外周血CD4+T細(xì)胞和CD8+T細(xì)胞水平比較 (n=50;

注:與對照組比較,①P<0.05

2.2 兩組化療開始后6個(gè)月時(shí)實(shí)體瘤療效比較 研究組和對照組部分緩解、病情進(jìn)展發(fā)生率差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.025,表2)。

表2 兩組Her-2陽性乳腺癌患者化療開始后6個(gè)月時(shí)實(shí)體瘤療效評價(jià)等級比較 [n=50;(n;%)]

注:與對照組比較,①P<0.05

2.3 兩組生存質(zhì)量(SF-36)和并發(fā)癥比較 與對照組比較(67.37±9.88),研究組健康相關(guān)的生存質(zhì)量(SF-36)評分(72.57±12.58),顯著增加(P=0.024)。兩組末梢神經(jīng)炎、膽紅素升高、中性粒細(xì)胞減少癥、白細(xì)胞減少癥和腸穿孔或出血發(fā)生率無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(表3)。

表3 兩組Her-2陽性乳腺癌患者并發(fā)癥比較 [n=50;(n;%)]

2.4 兩組病死率和無進(jìn)展生存期比較 2年后,研究組共9例死亡,病死率為18.0%,對照組共20例死亡,病死率為40.0%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.015)。Wilcoxon檢驗(yàn)顯示,研究組無進(jìn)展生存率顯著高于對照組(P=0.007)。見圖1。

圖1 兩組Her-2陽性乳腺癌患者無進(jìn)展生存期比較

3 討 論

Her-2陽性的乳腺癌患者總生存期僅為62個(gè)月[9]。貝伐單抗是一種人源性單克隆抗體,因?yàn)槠渚哂幸种蒲軆?nèi)皮生長因子的作用,因此被臨床上廣泛用于治療癌癥,它可抑制腫瘤血管的形成,最終抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長和轉(zhuǎn)移。但是,貝伐單抗致腸道出血、穿孔等并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率較高,在腫瘤治療中的安全性和有效性存在爭議。鑒于Her-2陽性的轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌病死率高、生存期短,有學(xué)者開始嘗試聯(lián)合使用貝伐單抗和TH方案治療Her-2陽性的轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌。黃仕思等[10]回顧性分析了88例Her-2陽性的轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌患者,其中45例聯(lián)合應(yīng)用貝伐單抗和TH方案治療,43例單獨(dú)采用TH方案治療。結(jié)果顯示,貝伐單抗聯(lián)合TH方案治療顯著改善了Her-2陽性的乳腺癌患者生存期,且患者對貝伐單抗聯(lián)合TH方案化療耐受性較好,未出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的不良反應(yīng)。但由于該研究為回顧性臨床研究,因此該作者指出尚需要大樣本量、多中心的隨機(jī)對照研究證實(shí)。本前瞻性研究顯示,貝伐單抗聯(lián)合TH方案顯著降低了Her-2陽性的轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌患者2年病死率,延長了無進(jìn)展生存期,并改善了生存質(zhì)量和免疫功能。然而,目前關(guān)于貝伐單抗在乳腺癌患者中應(yīng)用的安全性和有效性仍是有爭議的,2013年Kader等[11]發(fā)現(xiàn),貝伐單抗聯(lián)合化療無助于改善患者生存期,但顯著增加了貝伐單抗相關(guān)性高血壓發(fā)生率。2013年Stark等[12],貝伐單抗無益于改善患者臨床預(yù)后,但導(dǎo)致患者健康相關(guān)的生存質(zhì)量評分顯著降低[(71.28±17.60)vs(66.80±15.23),P=0.228]。本研究顯示,貝伐單抗聯(lián)合應(yīng)用TH方案化療,顯著提高了患者健康相關(guān)的生存質(zhì)量,僅1例患者出血腸道出血,經(jīng)過非手術(shù)對癥支持治療后好轉(zhuǎn),并無其他嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥,且顯著延長了患者無進(jìn)展生存期,降低了患者2年病死率。由此可見,目前關(guān)于貝伐單抗聯(lián)合TH方案對于Her-2陽性的轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌預(yù)后影響的研究較少且結(jié)論不一,仍需要大量的多中心、隨機(jī)對照研究予以進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。

腫瘤細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移與機(jī)體免疫功能息息相關(guān),乳腺癌患者可表現(xiàn)為Th1/Th2細(xì)胞免疫向Th2細(xì)胞免疫漂移,且這種免疫抑制嚴(yán)重程度與乳腺癌患者疾病嚴(yán)重程度成正比[13-15]。CD4+T細(xì)胞在炎性刺激下可以分化為Th0細(xì)胞,進(jìn)一步可以分化為Th1和Th2細(xì)胞。乳腺癌患者外周血中CD4+T細(xì)胞水平往往降低[16]。本研究顯示,貝伐單抗聯(lián)合TH方案化療顯著提高了患者外周血CD4+T細(xì)胞水平,有助于改善乳腺癌患者免疫功能,但具體機(jī)制尚不清楚,可能與貝伐單抗抑制腫瘤的細(xì)胞的生長和轉(zhuǎn)移,進(jìn)而減弱了乳腺癌患者腫瘤細(xì)胞對機(jī)體免疫功能的打擊。

總之,貝伐單抗聯(lián)合TH方案化療應(yīng)用于Her-2陽性的轉(zhuǎn)移性乳腺癌患者是安全的,可能有助于改善患者免疫功能和臨床預(yù)后。

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(責(zé)任編輯 尤偉杰)

Effect of combination of bevacizumab and TH regimen chemotherapy on T cell subsets in peripheral blood and clinical prognosis of Her-2 positively metastatic breast cancer

LV You1,WANG Xiaoyue1,SHI Chaofan1,and JIANG Wei2.
1.Brigade 2, Logistics College of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300162, China;2.Scientific Research and Training Section, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Beijing 100039,China

Objective To investigate the effect of bevacizumab combined with TH chemotherapy on T cell subsets in peripheral blood and clinical prognosis in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2) positive patients with metastatic breast cancer.Methods Between Jan, 2012 and Jan, 2014, 100 patients with Her-2 positive metastatic breast cancer were prospectively recruited in this study. These patients were randomly assigned into a study group or a control group. The study group was treated with bevacizumab combined with TH chemotherapy while the control group was treated with TH chemotherapy alone. The patients were followed up for two years.The primary outcomes included CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells, solid tumor efficacy evaluation grades, progression free survival and 2-year mortality.Results There was no significant difference in CD8+T cells between the two groups before and after treatment. After treatment, the expression of CD4+T cells in the study group (P=0.422) was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=0.011). The rates of complete remission, partial remission, stable disease and progressive disease in the study groups were 0.00%, 36.00%, 42.00% and 22.00%, compared to 0.00%, 18.00%, 44.00% and 38.00% in the control group (P=0.025). Two years later, 9 patients in the study group died, and the mortality rate was 18.00%, while 20 patients in the control group died, and the mortality rate was 40.00%. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.015). Wilcoxon test showed that the duration of progression free survival in the study group was significantly longer than that in the control group (P=0.007).Conclusions The combination of bevacizumab and TH chemotherapy in patients with Her-2-positive metastatic breast cancer may help to improve the immune function and clinical prognosis.

metastatic breast cancer; human epidermal growth factor receptor-2; T cell subsets; progression free survival; quality of life

呂 游,在讀本科生。

1.300162 天津,武警后勤學(xué)院學(xué)員二旅;2.100039 北京,武警總醫(yī)院科訓(xùn)科

姜 威,E-mail: wuweiwenzhang07@sohu.com

R737.9

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