國(guó)際朋友說(shuō)WORLD SPEAKING

端午節(jié)是紀(jì)念屈原嗎？

Is Dragon Boat Festival in memory of Qu Yuan?

5月30日是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日——端午節(jié)，我們的國(guó)際朋友們了解端午節(jié)的由來(lái)嗎？知道端午節(jié)和中國(guó)哪位詩(shī)人有關(guān)系嗎？了解端午節(jié)的飲食文化嗎？本期“國(guó)際朋友說(shuō)”，我們請(qǐng)來(lái)作家、學(xué)者崔岱遠(yuǎn)，與各位國(guó)際朋友一起分享端午節(jié)的文化話題。

A traditional Chinese holiday， Dragon Boat Festival, or Duan Wu holiday, was on May 30. What do our “World Speaking” guests know about the festival? Do they know what Chinese poet the festival is linked to? What about traditional dishes often served on Duan Wu? This time we have invited an expert and a scholar Cui Daiyuan to share with us the culture of the festival.

主持人：吳星鐸，中國(guó)（Wu Xingduo，China）

嘉賓主持：蘇莉，俄羅斯（Anastasia Sukhoretskaya,Russia）

嘉賓(Guests)：米沙，哈薩克斯坦（Mikhail Chursin，Kazakhstan）；蘇銳，赤道幾內(nèi)亞（Jesus Pierrot，Equatorial Guinea)；王龍，智利（Emilio José Méndez Benítez，Chile）；王慧，智利（Caroline Margarita Parraguez Diaz，Chile）

特遨嘉賓(Guests)：崔岱遠(yuǎn)（作家，文化學(xué)者，北京讀書(shū)形象大使，首都圖書(shū)館榮譽(yù)館員，北京閱讀季首批領(lǐng)讀者培訓(xùn)師，全國(guó)讀書(shū)會(huì)聯(lián)盟導(dǎo)師，現(xiàn)任中國(guó)財(cái)政經(jīng)濟(jì)出版社副編審。系列作品《京味兒》《京味兒食足》《京范兒》引領(lǐng)人們循著文字感受京城民間最本真的性情氣韻?！冻载涋o典》入選“中國(guó)影響力圖書(shū)”“中國(guó)好書(shū)”，被譽(yù)為接地氣的好作品。）Cui Daiyuan (writer, culture scholar, Beijing book reading image ambassador, Capital library honorable librarian, trainer during the Beijing reading season, supervisor of National Readers Union, subeditor of China Finance and Economics publishing house.) Cui was elected as main expert during the 12th, 13th and 14th Beijing International Book Festival, a guest at CCTV, CNRS and China Education Channel. Cui has published “The taste of Beijing”,“Abundance of Beijing taste”, “Beijing style”, which introduce the real taste of the capital. “The dictionary of a foodie” has been selected for “China’s most influential books”“Recommended books of China”.

粽子分享

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，專(zhuān)做老北京風(fēng)味兒的劉宅食府創(chuàng)始人楊玉萍老師不僅帶來(lái)了粽子，還為大家展示了粽子的“正確打開(kāi)方式”。她說(shuō)，用來(lái)捆粽子的線叫“馬蓮”，上面有個(gè)“活扣”，一拉就開(kāi)。一般都用兩片或三片粽葉，如果葉子寬就用兩片，葉子窄就用三片。粽葉是葦葉，所以吃起來(lái)有股清香。脫去粽子綠色的外衣，露出它米色的胴體，入口后香甜軟糯。國(guó)際朋友們聽(tīng)得如癡如醉。

Sharing zongzi

Zongzi were specially provided and cooked by Liu Zhai Restaurant. Its founder Yang Yuping has showed our guests how to open zongzi the right way. The thread that goes around a zongzi is called “ma lian”, and on the top there is a “slipknot”. Once you pull it, it opens. Normally, they use two or three leaves; if the leave are wide, then two leaves are enough. For making zongzi, reed leaves are used, so they are tasteless. Once you deprive zongzi of its green clothes, there pops up its rice-colored body, and when you bite it, you feel it sweet taste.

端午印象

Impression on Duan Wu Festival

Jesus: I believe, Duan Wu is an important holiday in China, when Chinese people eat zongzi.

Anastasia: Duan Wu is an off i cial day-off in China, and now it is protected by the United Nations as China’s national heritage.“Duan Wu” has other names as well, it can be called “Duan Yang”, or “Chu Wu” festival, because in Chinese language,“duan” means “beginning”.

Emilio: Duan Wu is also a huge ancient festival, in the South people stage riding boats competitions.

Caroline: My impression of Duan Wu is a Chinese poet Qu Yuan.

Mikhail: And as for me, Duan Wu is one of the traditional Chinese holidays. There are three persons related to the holiday: Qu Yuan, Wu Zixu and Cao E. But all we have learnt is connected to the Qu Yuan’s legacy, so people used to put rice in silk pockets and then let them fl ow in the river. Later they used bamboo instead of silk, and then there came the reed leaves, which we now know as zongzi.

蘇銳：我認(rèn)為端午是一個(gè)很重要的節(jié)日，中國(guó)人有吃粽子的習(xí)慣。

蘇莉：端午節(jié)是中國(guó)國(guó)家法定節(jié)假日，被列入聯(lián)合國(guó)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)?！岸宋纭边€有不同的稱(chēng)呼，可以叫“端陽(yáng)”節(jié)或“初午”節(jié)，因?yàn)椤岸恕笔恰伴_(kāi)始”的意思。

王龍：端午節(jié)是一個(gè)非常大而古老的活動(dòng)，在南方人們會(huì)劃龍舟。

王慧：端午節(jié)，我知道是紀(jì)念一位詩(shī)人叫屈原。

米沙：在我印象中，端午節(jié)是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日之一，有三個(gè)和它相關(guān)的人物，分別是屈原、伍子胥以及曹娥。但我們學(xué)到的大多都是為了保護(hù)屈原的遺體，人們把米飯放在絲綢袋里，再扔進(jìn)河里，后來(lái)用竹子取代絲綢，最后用了粽葉，于是就有了粽子。

書(shū)齋趣話

Wisdom of the Festival

Cui Daiyuan: Our dear guests have just mentioned Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan lived around the year of 300 B.C. And then, everyone can think of zongzi, but the truth is, that the history of zongzi is 2,000 years older than that of Qu Yuan. In the Neolithic Age, people thought that the day of Summer Solstice is the scariest day of the year, because after this day, the night hours get longer, that’s why it was called “Evil Day”. In the ancient days, people counted the years not according to the western metrics, but by a traditional lunar calendar. That’s how the character“wu” has come into light. The day of Winter Solstice falls on the fi rst month of the year, which is called “zi yue”, and to put them together is “wu yue”. That’s how the name of the festival was born. They imagined this day was the scariest, so they used a cow’s head as a sacrifice. After the Western Zhou Dynasty, people realized, this way of bringing sacrif i ces is very cruel, so they put the rice in the leaves and form a “cow’s horn”, and then it became zongzi. Finally, people started using a sort of water plant, cane shoots and to use the millet produced in the North. This thing was called “zongzi”. That’s why the holiday has no direct relation with Qu Yuan.

崔岱遠(yuǎn)

崔岱遠(yuǎn)：提到粽子，各位朋友都提到了詩(shī)人屈原。屈原生活在公元前300年左右的時(shí)代。但實(shí)際上粽子的歷史比屈原要長(zhǎng)2000年。在新石器時(shí)期，先民在夏至這天祭祀百物之神。他們認(rèn)為夏至這一天很可怕，因?yàn)檫^(guò)了這一天黑夜在一天天變長(zhǎng)，所以這一天叫“惡日”。在古代不用公元紀(jì)年，用的是天干地支，就是甲乙丙丁戊己庚辛，于是就有了“午”，因?yàn)槎吝@個(gè)月是第一個(gè)月，叫“子月”，子丑寅卯辰巳午，推算下來(lái)五月就是“午月”，端午節(jié)就這么出來(lái)的。由于他們認(rèn)為這一天很可怕，就把牛的腦袋砍了，用牛頭祭祀。后來(lái)到了西周，人們覺(jué)得這種祭祀方法很野蠻，就用草裹上米做成一對(duì)牛角樣子的“角黍”擺在那兒，這就是粽子的來(lái)歷。再后來(lái)人們用一種水生植物，“茭白”的葉子，裹上北方產(chǎn)的大黃米，代表陰陽(yáng)相裹，這個(gè)東西就叫粽子，所以跟屈原沒(méi)關(guān)系。

主持人：那么屈原和粽子間的傳說(shuō)怎么流傳下來(lái)了？

崔岱遠(yuǎn)：屈原是戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期的一位楚國(guó)大夫，也是位大詩(shī)人，五月初五這天投江而死。當(dāng)時(shí)，當(dāng)?shù)厝藢⒋竺兹M(jìn)竹筒，再扔進(jìn)江里。后來(lái)，因?yàn)樗撬涝谒锏模藗冋J(rèn)為他是水神。南方有祭祀水神的傳統(tǒng)，因?yàn)榍且晃淮笤?shī)人又是一位愛(ài)國(guó)者，他的道德和文化力量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于曹娥等其他投江而死的人，所以就把屈原傳下來(lái)了。東漢時(shí)有一個(gè)傳說(shuō)，一個(gè)人在汨羅江畔碰見(jiàn)一位身著白衣服的人，這個(gè)人說(shuō)我就是屈原，非常感謝你每年來(lái)祭祀我，但扔到江里的東西都被蛟龍偷吃了。請(qǐng)用葉子將其包裹后用五彩絲線纏繞，因?yàn)轵札埮挛宀式z線。之后這種風(fēng)俗就傳開(kāi)了，所以東漢以后，粽子才真正和屈原產(chǎn)生關(guān)系。

Host: Then how did zongzi and Qu Yuan become interconnected?

Cui Daiyuan: Qu Yuan was an off i cial of the Chu State during the Warring States period, and also a poet. In May he committed suicide by drowning in a river. At that time, local people stuffed bamboos with rice and threw them into the river. Later, because he died in water, people considered him a Water Spirit. The Southern dwellers held commemoration tradition, because Qu Yuan was a big poet and a patriot. His morals and his power of culture has long surpassed, Cao E and others who drowned in water, that’s why the traditions of commemorating Qu Yuan took is beginnings. One legend of the Eastern Han Dynasty says, there was a man in Miluo river who met another man, all dressed in white. This man said he was Qu Yuan, and he was grateful to the people who came to the river every year to commemorate him, but all the things they threw into the river got eaten by dragons. So he suggested they should envelope it with leaves and then intertwine it with a silk, because dragons don’t like silk. So, then this tradition started. Since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the tradition of eating zongzi and the personage of Qu Yuan became interconnected.

主持人：端午節(jié)好像還有辟邪的習(xí)俗？

Host: Duan Wu festival also has something to do with scaring away the evil spirits?

崔岱遠(yuǎn)：端午節(jié)的文化內(nèi)涵不僅是紀(jì)念屈原，第一個(gè)文化內(nèi)涵就是感知夏季，第二個(gè)是紀(jì)念屈原，另外一個(gè)是辟邪。古人沒(méi)有科學(xué)觀念，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)一到夏天就愛(ài)得病，怎么辦呢？第一件事就是吃五毒餅，就是把五種毒蟲(chóng)刻在一個(gè)餅上，五種毒蟲(chóng)有蛇、蝎、蜘蛛、蜈蚣以及癩蛤?。蛤埽?。還有就是五彩絲線，因?yàn)樗麄冋J(rèn)為“邪”“魔”怕五彩的東西。還會(huì)把雄黃抹在小孩兒的腦袋上，畫(huà)一個(gè)“王”字，喝雄黃酒。女孩兒會(huì)用五彩絲線纏一個(gè)小粽子掛在身上。類(lèi)似的還有吃“五黃”，后來(lái)南方又衍化出吃“五紅”。辟邪還有幾個(gè)有趣的風(fēng)俗，在門(mén)上掛三樣?xùn)|西，一個(gè)是菖蒲葉，因?yàn)樗L(zhǎng)得像寶劍，所以覺(jué)得辟邪；第二個(gè)是艾蒿，它的子長(zhǎng)得像小錘子，人們認(rèn)為這個(gè)東西叫鞭子，可以打妖怪，所以辟邪；第三個(gè)是大蒜。而且這三個(gè)東西有一個(gè)共同的特點(diǎn)——驅(qū)蚊。

Cui Daiyuan: The whole purpose of Duan Wu is not to commemorate Qu Yuan;the fi rst meaning is to see off Summer Solstice, the second is to commemorate Qu Yuan, and then to send away evil spirits. The ancient people didn’t have any notion of science, they discovered that when summer comes, they easily get ill, what to do then? What they did fi rst was eating “f i ve poisons bread”, they took fi ve poisonous creatures - snake, scorpion, spider, scolopendra and toad - and rolled them into bread. And then there was fi ver-color silk, because they believed that fi ve-color silk can scare the evil spirits. Then they would draw the “king” character on the children’s elbows and drink realgar wine. Girls would use the fi ve-color silk to tie to their clothes. Likewise, the southerners ate “f i ve yellows” which then became“five reds”. Scaring the evil spirits also has one interesting tradition, to hang three things on the door.One was calamus, because it looks like a sword, that’s why it was suitable to scare the spirits with it. The second is felon herb, which looks like a hammer, which can beat away the evils, and the third one was garlic. All these three things had one thing in common; they also helped to keep away the mosquitoes. And then, to see off the Summer Solstice, they ate green bean pies.

米沙

王龍

蘇銳

王慧

主持人：崔老師您再講一下剛剛大家提到的賽龍舟。

崔岱遠(yuǎn)：賽龍舟其實(shí)跟屈原沒(méi)有關(guān)系，屈原投江是真的，他投江的時(shí)候身邊沒(méi)有人。有首詩(shī)叫《漁夫》，這首詩(shī)的大概意思是這樣的，就是屈原在江邊碰到一個(gè)漁夫，屈原說(shuō)眾人皆醉我獨(dú)醒，漁夫說(shuō)“滄浪之水清兮”，就是說(shuō)如果滄浪之水是清的呀，它可以洗我帽子上的纓子，“滄浪之水濁兮”，臟水可以洗洗腳，你何必想不開(kāi)呢。結(jié)果屈原沒(méi)有聽(tīng)他的話，漁夫覺(jué)得這個(gè)人死心眼就離開(kāi)了。元代蒙古族南下占領(lǐng)中原，忽必烈滅了大理國(guó)，就是現(xiàn)在的云南。大理國(guó)的人要逃命，他們順著瀾滄江劃到了湄公河，是劃著龍舟跑的。賽龍舟這個(gè)風(fēng)俗起源于明代，但是逃跑這件事兒總歸不光彩，所以人們?cè)敢獍阉街谇砩稀?/p>

王慧：端午節(jié)時(shí)南方會(huì)劃龍舟，那么北方會(huì)做什么？

崔岱遠(yuǎn)：這個(gè)習(xí)俗有很強(qiáng)的地域性，因?yàn)楸狈經(jīng)]有那么多河流，所以沒(méi)法劃龍舟。北方會(huì)喝雄黃酒，在小孩腦袋上畫(huà)王字，代表“老虎”，還會(huì)在門(mén)上掛菖蒲葉、大蒜和艾蒿。

Host: Teacher Cui has also mentioned the boat racing.

Cui Daiyuan: The boat racing competition actually has nothing to do with Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan drowned, that’s the truth, when he stepped into the water, there was no one by his side. There is a poem named “Fisherman”, the meaning of the poem is this: Qu Yuan saw a fi sherman fi shing on the river bank, Qu Yuan said all the others are under the illusion and I’m the only one who’s awake, and the fi sherman said when the water is clean, it can wash the ribbon on his hat, when the water is dim, then it can wash my legs, why you are so in low spirits? Qu Yuan didn’t hear him, and the fi sherman thought this man was so stubborn and left. During the Yuan Dynasty, the Mongolians occupied the central plains and were about to destroy the State of Dali, which is today's Yunnan province. The people of Dali had to save their lives, so they reached the Mekong River, in dragon boats. The tradition of dragon boats racing took its beginnings from the Ming Dynasty, but the idea of people’s fl eeting to save their lives didn’t sound as exciting, so they decided to attach it to Qu Yuan.

Caroline: On Duan Wu the southerners have the boat racing, then what do the northerners do?

Cui Daiyuan: This tradition has something to do with the geographical position. In the north they don’t have so many rivers, that’s why they didn’t arrange any boat racing competitions. The northerners drink alcohol, draw “king” character on the children’s body, act out “l(fā)ions” and hang calamus, felon herb and garlic.

國(guó)際視角

你們國(guó)家有沒(méi)有類(lèi)似端午節(jié)的節(jié)日？

米沙：斯拉夫有一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日叫“Д е н ь Ивана Купалы”，在7月7日。以前沒(méi)有冰箱和藥品，于是就跳火，跳過(guò)去后所有的病都留在火里了。如果不愿意跳火，可以頭戴花環(huán)，然后把這些花環(huán)扔到河里，代表扔掉所有的病。

王慧：因?yàn)橹抢挥袃砂俣嗄甑臍v史，所以習(xí)俗都不是很古老的，但和端午節(jié)比較相似的就是“辟邪”，過(guò)新年時(shí)，人們會(huì)在家里掛一些紅色的東西，因?yàn)榧t色是“辟邪”的，打掃衛(wèi)生，也是為了辟邪。

International viewpoint

Do you have a similar holiday in your country?

Mikhail: The Slavonic people has the traditional holiday called“Ivana Kupala”, which is held in July the 7th. In the ancient times, people didn’t have medicine or fridges. The panacea was to jump over the fire, so that when you are jumping you are leaving all your illnesses in the fi re. If you don’t want to jump over the fi re, then you can make yourself a fl ower wreath, then throw the fl owers into the river, which meant to throw all your sicknesses away.

王龍：很久以前，智利這片土地上有很多印第安人。傳說(shuō)中，智利南方有一個(gè)身材很高的民族，叫作“Badaguonei”意為“大鞋”。他們殺死動(dòng)物后把它們的皮放在自己身上， 也會(huì)做一些特別長(zhǎng)的船，并常駐于船上。在火山上能發(fā)現(xiàn)他們留下的足跡，智利發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們的捕筒。

蘇銳：我的民族有一個(gè)節(jié)日叫“GuYou”，也是為了辟邪，在這天，一個(gè)人會(huì)穿很多衣服，戴上面罩裝鬼，然后有人背著他，敲鑼打鼓，走街串巷?！癎uYou”只有一天，是從早上開(kāi)始，但我們沒(méi)有固定的哪一天，都是自己決定什么時(shí)候開(kāi)始，家里有人結(jié)婚，或是生了龍鳳胎、雙胞胎，都可以“GuYou” 一下。

蘇莉：我的出生地是韃靼斯坦共和國(guó)，我記得最清楚的是當(dāng)?shù)氐腟abantui，一個(gè)在6月左右舉行的節(jié)日，從早到晚有各種各樣的比賽，獎(jiǎng)品是斑羊一類(lèi)的動(dòng)物。各個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)都會(huì)舉辦，一般都在周六，場(chǎng)上還會(huì)有很多正宗的小吃。有沙琪瑪，用蜂蜜做的，非常香。還有用各種各樣肉做成的各種形狀的肉餅。

Caroline: Because Chile has only roughly 200 years of history, we don’t have that many ancient traditions or a holiday like Duan Wu that is meant to scare away evil spirits. During the new year, people hang red things over their door, because red color is the color that can frighten spirits. Making up the living place is also to scare the spirits away.

Emilio: Long time ago, on the territory of modern Chile there lived Indian people. One legends tells about a very high tribe called “Patagones” and meant “big shoe”. When they killed an animal they put their skins on their body, also made very long boats, sometimes even live in them. On the volcano one can see their footprints.

Jesus: People of my country has one holiday called “Gu You”, also the one that scares the spirits away. On this day, one person could wear many clothes, face masks, then there is a person behind him playing different musical instruments.

Host: How many days can “Gu You” last?

Jesus: One day, usually begins in the morning, but we don’t have a regular day for it. We decide when to begin festivities. Family member gets marries or gives birth to a child, twins etc, can be celebrated with ‘Gu You”.

Anastasia: My motherland is Tatarstan, and we celebrate the holiday called Sabantui, every June. From morning to evening they stage different competitions, and the prize is a goat or a sheep. In every big or small city or village people hold celebrations. The festival usually falls on Saturday. There are always many types of food and traditional snacks on the Festival.

Host: You just said about the food, can you give us an example?

Anastasia: Chak-chak, which is made with honey, and tastes so good! And also meat pies, which are made in different shapes.

你們國(guó)家有沒(méi)有類(lèi)似屈原的大詩(shī)人，被人們銘記？

蘇銳：赤道幾內(nèi)亞沒(méi)有偉大的詩(shī)人，但有著名的作家，她叫Guillermina Mekuy（吉列米娜·梅庫(kù)依），我們的總統(tǒng)偶爾也會(huì)寫(xiě)書(shū)。

米沙：阿拜不僅是詩(shī)人，也是著名的作家、學(xué)者，他有一本書(shū)叫《箴言錄》，提到了一些治學(xué)方面的問(wèn)題，比方說(shuō)“什么是人”“什么是我們的生命”“什么是我們的未來(lái)”，也提到了一些民族心理的特點(diǎn)，他說(shuō)每個(gè)民族都有自己的特點(diǎn)，而且每個(gè)民族的心理特點(diǎn)都會(huì)影響其情感、歷史和未來(lái)的發(fā)展。他說(shuō)出了哈薩克民族的缺點(diǎn)，但他的批評(píng)是為了發(fā)展自己的民族，他是一位真正的愛(ài)國(guó)主義者。哈薩克斯坦很多的成語(yǔ)和俗語(yǔ)都來(lái)源于這本書(shū)。

王龍：巴勃魯·聶魯達(dá)（Pablo Neruda）是毛澤東的好朋友，在那個(gè)年代寫(xiě)了兩首關(guān)于中國(guó)的詩(shī)，大使館有聶魯達(dá)的書(shū)可以贈(zèng)予人們?？谷諔?zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，美國(guó)會(huì)偷一些中國(guó)的文物，聶魯達(dá)就會(huì)把它們記載下來(lái)。在朝陽(yáng)公園就有他的雕塑，我們感到非常榮幸。

蘇莉：韃靼斯坦是一個(gè)很有文化的民族，這里有俄羅斯喀山聯(lián)邦大學(xué)，是列寧、列夫·托爾斯泰的母校。有一位著名的詩(shī)人叫穆薩扎利，在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，他被關(guān)進(jìn)集中營(yíng)，在獄中他寫(xiě)關(guān)于自由的詩(shī)歌。穆薩扎利的雕像現(xiàn)在在喀山市中心，他仗著劍，象征自由。

Do you have in your countries personages like Qu Yuan, poets, who are commemorated?

Jesus: Ecuatorial Guinea doesn’t have any famous poets, but has outstanding writers, for example Guillermina Mekuy, and our president also can write books.

Mikhail: Abay, who is not only a poet, but also famous writer. He’s written a book called “Proverbs”, where he touches upon philosophical questions, for example, “what is called a human”,“what is the purpose of our lives”, “what is our future”, and also reveals some characteristics of the nation way of thinking. He said every nation has its own peculiarities, and their psychological characteristics can affect their historical and future development. He also mentioned what the Kazakh people lacked, but his criticism come out of his genuine willingness to help the development of his nations, he is a real patriot. Many Kazakh sayings and proverbs come from this book.

Emilio: Pablo Neruda, he was a good friend of Chairman MaoZedong. He wrote two poems about China, there is a book of Neruda in the Chilean embassy. During the war with the Japanese, Americans could have stolen some of the China’s relics, and Neruda made the record of them. In the park of Chaoyang there is a statue of Neruda, so we feel very honored.

Anastasia: Tatars are the people of great cultural heritage. We have the Kazan Federal University, the alma-mater for Tolstoy and Lenin. There is a famous Tatar poet whose name is Musa Jalil. In the second world war, he was captured by the Nazi, and in the prison he wrote poems about his motherland. The statue of Musa Jalil is now in the center of the city, in front of Kazan Kremlin. He is there with a sword, as a symbol of freedom.

你們國(guó)家有沒(méi)有類(lèi)似粽子的食物？或者類(lèi)似雄黃酒？

主持人：其他國(guó)家有沒(méi)有什么特定的食物是在一個(gè)節(jié)日吃的？比如說(shuō)粽子，在中國(guó)我們平時(shí)不吃粽子的，只有在端午這天才會(huì)吃。

王慧：在9月1 8日國(guó)慶節(jié)，我們會(huì)吃“Empanadas”。

王龍：蒙古國(guó)有這種食物，類(lèi)似烤包子。還有一個(gè)叫“Aaonaoyou”的節(jié)日，人們會(huì)將石板燒熱，然后把海鮮、土豆、雞肉、羊肉放進(jìn)去，最后把樹(shù)葉蓋在上面。

米沙：因?yàn)楣_克斯坦有一個(gè)節(jié)日叫納吾熱孜節(jié)(Наурыз мейрамы)，一般在3月22日這天過(guò)，是冬天結(jié)束、春天到來(lái)的意思。這天人們會(huì)吃“七種糖”，因?yàn)樗怯?種成分做成的，有牛奶、肉、黃豆、玉米、大麥、米飯和水。

蘇銳：我們會(huì)在GuYou的時(shí)候吃一種綠色的食物。

Does your country has food similar to zongzi? Or something like realgar wine?

Host: Are there food in other countries that can be eaten only during the festivals? For instance, zongzi, in China we usually don’t eat zongzi, only during Duan Wu.

Caroline: In September the 18th we celebrate the National Day, then we eat empanadas.

Emilio: In Mongolia they have a special food, similar to fried“baozi”. On a holiday called Aaonaoyou, people eat seafood, potatoes, chicken, lamb, all put in a stove and cover with tree leaves.

Mikhail: In Kazakhstan we have a holiday called Nauryz Meiramy. Usually it is celebrated on March 22nd, when winter ends and spring comes. At this time people eat seven-kinds sweets because they are made of seven ingredients, they have milk, meat, beans, corn, wheat, rice and water.

Jesus: We eat green colored food on Gu You.

你們國(guó)家有沒(méi)有類(lèi)似賽龍舟的比賽？

米沙：在哈薩克斯坦沒(méi)有類(lèi)似賽龍舟的比賽，因?yàn)楣_克文化是草原文化，沒(méi)有河，沒(méi)有海。但有一個(gè)特別的比賽，叫KyzKyy, 幾個(gè)小伙子騎著馬去追求幾位漂漂亮亮、還沒(méi)結(jié)婚的姑娘，他們的目的是獲得姑娘的吻。女孩兒不愿吻小伙子的話會(huì)用棒打他們，并騎馬離開(kāi)，如果男孩獲得親吻，就可以去她家求婚。這是一種傳統(tǒng)的游戲，每年在古爾邦節(jié)舉辦。

Do you have similar boat racing in your countries?

Mikhail: In Kazakhstan we don’t have, because Kazakh culture is the steppe culture. It doesn’t have river or sea. But we have a special competition called Kyz Kyy, several men riding a horse are chasing after beautiful, single ladies. Their aim is to get a kiss from a lady. If a lady doesn’t want to kiss a guy, she hits him with a stick. If a guy get a lady’s kiss, then he asks her family for a marriage proposal. This is a traditional game, which takes place in Kurban Festival.

結(jié)語(yǔ)

崔岱遠(yuǎn)：文化的價(jià)值，在于分享；文化的自信，在于交流中的自信。

（中文整理：吳星鐸，王雅婷；英文整理：蘇莉；實(shí)習(xí)生王兆峰參與活動(dòng)）

Conclusion

Cui Daiyuan: The value of culture is within its sharing, the conf i dence of culture is within the conf i dence of exchange.

(Chinese version: Wu Xingduo,Wang Yating; English version: Anastasia Sukhoretskaya; intern Wang Zhaofeng is helpful to this activity)

賽龍舟