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X線電離輻射通過上調(diào)c-Myc表達(dá)促進(jìn)肺癌A549細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化*

2017-05-18 12:50劉曉媛白麗紅王冬輝林耿鵬楊惠玲郭禹標(biāo)
中國(guó)病理生理雜志 2017年5期
關(guān)鍵詞:電離輻射上皮肺癌

劉曉媛, 白麗紅, 王冬輝, 林耿鵬, 楊惠玲, 郭禹標(biāo)△

(中山大學(xué) 1附屬第一醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科, 2中山醫(yī)學(xué)院病理生理教研室,廣東 廣州 510080)

X線電離輻射通過上調(diào)c-Myc表達(dá)促進(jìn)肺癌A549細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化*

劉曉媛1, 白麗紅1, 王冬輝2, 林耿鵬1, 楊惠玲2, 郭禹標(biāo)1△

(中山大學(xué)1附屬第一醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科,2中山醫(yī)學(xué)院病理生理教研室,廣東 廣州 510080)

目的: 探討電離輻射對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(EMT)的影響及其可能機(jī)制。方法: 采用不同劑量(0 Gy、1 Gy、2 Gy、4 Gy和8 Gy)的X射線分別照射肺癌A549細(xì)胞不同時(shí)間,通過倒置顯微鏡觀察X射線照射12 h、24 h和48 h時(shí)肺癌A549細(xì)胞形態(tài)的改變;Western blot檢測(cè)X射線照射12 h與24 h時(shí)EMT相關(guān)蛋白vimentin、N-cadherin及E-cadherin和轉(zhuǎn)錄因子c-Myc的表達(dá)。結(jié)果: 照射后肺癌A549細(xì)胞輪廓不清,突起增多,邊緣不規(guī)則且呈煎蛋樣塌陷,以8 Gy X射線照射48 h時(shí)肺癌A549細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)化形態(tài)最明顯。與0 Gy照射劑量對(duì)照組相比,vimentin雖然于4 Gy劑量照射12 h時(shí)下調(diào),但是處理24 h時(shí)各劑量照射組vimentin均表現(xiàn)為上調(diào),其中2 Gy劑量照射組其上調(diào)最明顯(P<0.01);與0 Gy照射劑量對(duì)照組相比,1 Gy、2 Gy及4 Gy照射組照射肺癌A549細(xì)胞24 h后其N-cadherin表達(dá)上調(diào)(P<0.05);各照射劑量對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞E-cadherin表達(dá)沒有顯著影響。照射24 h后肺癌A549細(xì)胞c-Myc表達(dá)上調(diào),以4 Gy劑量照射組表達(dá)差異最明顯(P<0.01)。結(jié)論: X線電離輻射可能通過上調(diào)c-Myc表達(dá)促進(jìn)肺癌A549細(xì)胞發(fā)生上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化。

電離輻射; 肺癌; 上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化

肺癌居癌癥發(fā)病率之首,且據(jù)最新統(tǒng)計(jì)資料顯示,全球2012年因肺癌死亡病例數(shù)為160萬,中國(guó)肺癌患者死亡率為610.2/100 000,提示肺癌是癌癥患者死亡的最主要原因[1-2]。肺癌通常起病隱匿確診時(shí)患者多處晚期,因失去手術(shù)機(jī)會(huì)多被迫接受以放化療為主的綜合治療方案,尤其是放射治療,據(jù)報(bào)道超過50%腫瘤患者接受了放射治療。雖然放射治療是治療晚期腫瘤的主要手段,但臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn)放療可能增加口咽部腫瘤、膀胱癌及宮頸癌的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移[3-4],有體內(nèi)外實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示電離輻射(ionizing radiation,IR)包括X射線和γ射線等可促進(jìn)腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移及介導(dǎo)自身放療耐受[4],由此嚴(yán)重影響放療的療效,然而其確切的作用及其機(jī)制尚未完全闡明。近期研究表明上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)參與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移或介導(dǎo)IR耐受[5]。IR是否可誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞EMT,促進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)移或介導(dǎo)IR耐受卻不清楚。本研究擬采用倒置顯微鏡觀察不同X線照射劑量及不同照射時(shí)間對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞形態(tài)的改變,同時(shí)采用Western blot方法檢測(cè)不同劑量X線照射不同時(shí)間對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞EMT相關(guān)蛋白vimentin、N-cadherin及E-cadherin和轉(zhuǎn)錄因子c-myc的影響,旨在探討X線照射對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞EMT的影響及機(jī)制。

材 料 和 方 法

1 材料、試劑和儀器

肺癌A549細(xì)胞株由中山大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中心提供。

試劑DMEM細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基、胎牛血清、胰酶及青霉素/鏈霉素溶液均購(gòu)自Gibco;抗β-actin單克隆抗體(Sigma);抗E-cadherin多克隆抗體和抗vimentin多克隆抗體(ABclonal);抗N-cadherin單克隆抗體、抗c-Myc單克隆抗體和HRP標(biāo)記的Ⅱ抗(CST);蛋白Marker(Thermo)。

X光生物學(xué)輻射儀(RAD SOURCE);全自動(dòng)倒置顯微鏡(Zeiss);化學(xué)發(fā)光成像系統(tǒng)(Bio-Rad)。

2 方法

2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng) 培養(yǎng)液為含10%胎牛血清、1%青霉素/鏈霉素雙抗溶液的DMEM培養(yǎng)混合溶液,培養(yǎng)于5% CO2、37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱中。

2.2 X線電離輻射 取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期A549細(xì)胞均勻接種在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿中,使細(xì)胞分別接受X光生物學(xué)輻射儀0 Gy、1 Gy、2 Gy、4 Gy和8 Gy劑量的照射,照射12 h及24 h分別收取細(xì)胞蛋白進(jìn)行Western blot分析。

2.3 顯微鏡觀察形態(tài)學(xué)變化 將照射后細(xì)胞及對(duì)照細(xì)胞放置于全自動(dòng)倒置顯微鏡上,相差顯微鏡觀察照射后細(xì)胞及對(duì)照細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)變化情況。

2.4 制備蛋白樣品 貼壁細(xì)胞棄去培養(yǎng)液,PBS清洗2遍后加全細(xì)胞裂解液及蛋白酶抑制劑cocktail放置冰上15 min,使用細(xì)胞刮刮取細(xì)胞蛋白,收集至離心管后4 ℃、12 000 r/min離心,提取上清液;BCA試劑盒(Thermo)測(cè)定蛋白濃度,以PBS配平細(xì)胞蛋白濃度,添加SDS上樣緩沖液后沸水加熱10 min,冷卻后備用。

2.5 Western blot實(shí)驗(yàn) 常規(guī)配置5%濃縮膠及10%分離膠,進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE(恒壓90 mV 30 min后更改為恒壓130 mV 60 min);電泳后將凝膠轉(zhuǎn)移至濾紙上,覆蓋PVDF膜(Millipore)后裝入轉(zhuǎn)膜夾,濕法轉(zhuǎn)膜(恒流200 mV 110 min),麗春紅預(yù)染后剪切目標(biāo)條帶,用TBST(含吐溫0.5%)洗膜5 min、3次,5%脫脂奶粉封閉后加 I 抗(β-actin,稀釋度1∶10 000;E-cadherin稀釋度1∶2 000;vimentin稀釋度1∶2 000;N-cadherin稀釋度1∶1 000;c-Myc稀釋度1∶1 000)4 ℃孵育過夜,TBST(含0.5%吐溫)漂洗后孵育HRP標(biāo)記的Ⅱ抗,滴加ECL顯色,化學(xué)發(fā)光成像系統(tǒng)采集結(jié)果,用ImageLab 3.0軟件分析條帶。

3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 13.0分析軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(mean±SD)表示,多組間分析采用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較采用LSD檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

結(jié) 果

1 電離輻射對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞形態(tài)的影響

為探討IR是否可誘導(dǎo)A549發(fā)生EMT形態(tài)改變,本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用倒置顯微鏡觀察0 Gy、2 Gy、4 Gy及8 Gy劑量X線照射12 h、24 h和48 h時(shí)肺癌A549細(xì)胞形態(tài)的改變。結(jié)果表明未經(jīng)照射的肺癌A549細(xì)胞透亮、邊緣整齊,呈橢圓多邊形;經(jīng)2 Gy、4 Gy及8 Gy X線照射后12 h時(shí)細(xì)胞體積變大、折光度下降,24 h時(shí)細(xì)胞突起增多,48 h時(shí)細(xì)胞輪廓不清、邊緣呈煎蛋樣塌陷,8 Gy照射48 h時(shí)細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的形態(tài)改變最明顯,見圖1。這提示電離輻射促使肺癌A549細(xì)胞由上皮型向間質(zhì)型形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化。

2 電離輻射對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞間質(zhì)蛋白及上皮蛋白表達(dá)的影響

為進(jìn)一步從分子層面探討IR是否可誘導(dǎo)肺癌A549細(xì)胞EMT,我們采用Western blot檢測(cè)方法觀察不同X線照射劑量對(duì)12 h和24 h時(shí)EMT相關(guān)蛋白vimentin表達(dá)的影響。結(jié)果表明,與0 Gy對(duì)照組相比,vimentin雖然于4 Gy照射12 h時(shí)下調(diào),但是處理24 h時(shí)各劑量照射組vimentin表達(dá)均出現(xiàn)上調(diào),其中2 Gy照射的上調(diào)作用最明顯(P<0.01),見圖2。

Figure 1.The effects of different doses of X-ray irradiation for different time on the morphology of lung cancer A549 cells (×400).

圖1 不同劑量X線照射不同時(shí)間對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞形態(tài)的影響

Figure 2.The effects of different doses of X-ray irradiation for different time on the expression of vimentin in the lung cancer A549 cells. Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05,**P<0.01vs0 Gy.

圖2 不同劑量X線照射不同時(shí)間對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞vimentin表達(dá)的影響

進(jìn)一步觀察IR對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞另一間質(zhì)蛋白N-cadherin表達(dá)的影響,Western blot結(jié)果表明,與0 Gy照射組相比,1 Gy、2 Gy及4 Gy照射均上調(diào)N-cadherin表達(dá)(P<0.05),但各組別之間沒有顯著差異,見圖3。

為觀察IR是否能下調(diào)肺癌A549細(xì)胞上皮蛋白E-cadherin表達(dá),我們同樣采用Western blot方法檢測(cè)0 Gy、1 Gy、2 Gy及4 Gy X線照射A549細(xì)胞24 h后E-cadherin的表達(dá),結(jié)果表明,與0 Gy對(duì)照組相比,IR并不下調(diào)E-cadherin表達(dá),見圖4。

Figure 3.The effects of different doses of X-ray irradiation for 24 h on the expression of N-cadherin in the lung cancer A549 cells. Mean±SD.n=3.*P<0.05vs0 Gy.

圖3 不同劑量X線照射肺癌A549細(xì)胞24 h對(duì)N-cadherin表達(dá)的影響

Figure 4.The effects of different doses of X-ray irradiation for 24 h on the expression of E-Cadherin in the lung cancer A549 cells. Mean±SD.n=3.

圖4 不同劑量X線照射肺癌A549細(xì)胞24 h對(duì)E-cadherin表達(dá)的影響

3 電離輻射對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄因子c-myc蛋白表達(dá)的影響

為進(jìn)一步了解IR誘導(dǎo)肺癌A549細(xì)胞 EMT的可能機(jī)制,本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過Western blot檢測(cè)方法觀察不同劑量X線照射A549細(xì)胞12 h和24 h時(shí)對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子c-Myc表達(dá)的影響。結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)2 Gy、4 Gy及8 Gy X線照射12 h和24 h后c-Myc表達(dá)均有不同程度的上調(diào);其中,與0 Gy對(duì)照組相比,4 Gy照射24 h時(shí)c-Myc表達(dá)上調(diào)有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見圖5。這提示電離輻射可能通過上調(diào)c-Myc表達(dá)促進(jìn)肺癌A549細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化。

Figure 5.The effects of different doses of X-ray irradiation for different time on the expression of c-Myc in the lung cancer A549 cells. Mean±SD.n=3.**P<0.01vs0 Gy.

圖5 不同劑量X線照射不同時(shí)間對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞c-Myc表達(dá)的影響

討 論

已有研究表明IR通過多種機(jī)制促進(jìn)多種腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移[4, 6-7]:如募集循環(huán)腫瘤細(xì)胞向其它臟器播散、增強(qiáng)腫瘤細(xì)胞變形能力使其易于轉(zhuǎn)移、直接破壞腫瘤血管壁為腫瘤細(xì)胞提供轉(zhuǎn)移窗口,和上調(diào)腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)分子表達(dá)。近期EMT與肺癌轉(zhuǎn)移的相關(guān)性備受關(guān)注。Reka 等[8]研究顯示EMT與肺癌淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移率呈正相關(guān);Soltermann 等[9]研究顯示EMT間質(zhì)表型標(biāo)記是進(jìn)展期肺癌預(yù)后不良的預(yù)測(cè)因子;Yang 等[10]則通過動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)EMT參與肺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移,提示EMT與肺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移及預(yù)后相關(guān)。同時(shí)已有研究結(jié)果顯示IR通過誘導(dǎo)結(jié)腸癌、乳腺癌、鼻咽癌細(xì)胞EMT參與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移[11-13],但I(xiàn)R是否誘導(dǎo)肺癌細(xì)胞EMT促進(jìn)肺癌轉(zhuǎn)移值得探討。

本研究采用倒置顯微鏡及Western blot實(shí)驗(yàn)方法觀察不同X線照射劑量照射不同時(shí)點(diǎn)對(duì)肺癌A549細(xì)胞EMT的影響,結(jié)果表明IR可誘導(dǎo)肺癌A549細(xì)胞由上皮型向間質(zhì)型形態(tài)過渡,并與X線照射劑量及時(shí)間相關(guān),照射劑量越大、時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)則細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)變化越明顯;同時(shí)證實(shí)IR上調(diào)肺癌A549細(xì)胞vimentin和N-cadherin蛋白表達(dá),結(jié)果提示IR可誘導(dǎo)肺癌A549細(xì)胞EMT,與其它學(xué)者的研究結(jié)果相似。Yang 等[14]采用γ射線照射A549及H460進(jìn)行RNAseq組學(xué)分析,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)IR上調(diào)367個(gè)基因表達(dá),其中包含參與細(xì)胞變形、介導(dǎo)EMT(如TGF-β/BMP、細(xì)絲蛋白及激活素等)等相關(guān)基因;同時(shí)結(jié)果提示IR影響肺癌A549細(xì)胞 EMT相關(guān)分子表達(dá)的影響,經(jīng)照射后細(xì)胞不表達(dá)E-cadherin,而vimentin表達(dá)上調(diào)[15],但該實(shí)驗(yàn)采用的射線和輻射方式與本實(shí)驗(yàn)不同,且未探討γ射線與EMT的時(shí)間、劑量效應(yīng)之間的關(guān)系。Kang 等[16]為觀察鼠李黃素及條葉薊素逆轉(zhuǎn)IR耐受效應(yīng),采用γ射線照射肺癌細(xì)胞株H1299及H460后成功構(gòu)建IR耐受模型,構(gòu)建模型時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)γ射線可誘導(dǎo)2株細(xì)胞發(fā)生EMT。另外,Gomez-Casal 等[17]證實(shí)γ射線通過誘導(dǎo)肺癌A549及H460干細(xì)胞生成介導(dǎo)IR耐受,僅通過熒光定量方法分析干細(xì)胞表型發(fā)現(xiàn)γ射線誘導(dǎo)其EMT。既往研究過于簡(jiǎn)化EMT為上皮標(biāo)志物E-cadherin表達(dá)缺失而間質(zhì)標(biāo)志物vimentin及N-cadherin表達(dá)上調(diào);但Nieto等[5]根據(jù)近期研究總結(jié)指出細(xì)胞可在表達(dá)上皮標(biāo)志物的同時(shí)表達(dá)間質(zhì)標(biāo)志物,此中間狀態(tài)稱之為部分EMT。本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)電離輻射并不下調(diào)E-cadherin表達(dá),支持Nieto 等的部分EMT理論。由此可見,本研究從形態(tài)及分子層次揭示X線電離輻射可誘導(dǎo)肺癌A549細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化,并呈一定的時(shí)間及劑量依賴性。

本研究結(jié)果提示IR可誘導(dǎo)肺癌A549細(xì)胞EMT,但具體機(jī)制仍未明確。Chen 等[18]的動(dòng)物研究表明c-Myc可通過介導(dǎo)EMT促進(jìn)局部腫瘤病變,IR是否可上調(diào)c-Myc表達(dá)促進(jìn)肺癌A549細(xì)胞EMT未有研究報(bào)道。本研究通過Western blot方法證實(shí)IR可上調(diào)肺癌A549細(xì)胞c-Myc表達(dá),且與X線照射劑量及時(shí)間相關(guān),這些結(jié)果與Popa 等[19]報(bào)道相似。Popa 等[19]觀察胸腺干細(xì)胞對(duì)胸腺破壞的修復(fù)效應(yīng)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)γ射線上調(diào)c-Myc表達(dá);Chang 等[20]報(bào)道c-Myc是干細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物之一。這些表明X線電離輻射通過上調(diào)c-Myc促進(jìn)肺癌A549細(xì)胞EMT,另外提示其可能與放療耐受相關(guān)。

X線電離輻射誘導(dǎo)肺癌A549細(xì)胞發(fā)生上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化可能與腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)。波士頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院通過對(duì)比聯(lián)合術(shù)前放療與單純手術(shù)治療口咽部腫瘤患者預(yù)后的隨機(jī)臨床試驗(yàn),結(jié)果提示放療并不改善患者預(yù)后,同時(shí)還增加了遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移[3];臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn)接受放療的早期肺癌患者其遠(yuǎn)處及原位復(fù)發(fā)率分別為19%及10%,遠(yuǎn)處復(fù)發(fā)高于原位[21];Yang 等[10]研究表明EMT是腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移的重要機(jī)制,至于IR是否通過誘導(dǎo)肺癌EMT介導(dǎo)放療耐受并促進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)移,增加遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移風(fēng)險(xiǎn)值得深入探討。

[1] Chen W, Zheng R, Baade PD, et al.Cancer statistics in China, 2015[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2016, 66(2):115-132.

[2] Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, et al. Global cancer statistics, 2012[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2015, 65(2):87-108.

[3] Strong MS, Vaughan CW, Kayne HL, et al. A randomized trial of preoperative radiotherapy in cancer of the oropharynx and hypopharynx[J]. Am J Surg, 1978, 136(4):494-500.

[4] Vilalta M, Rafat M, Graves EE. Effects of radiation on metastasis and tumor cell migration[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2016, 73(16):2999-3007.

[5] Nieto MA, Huang RY, Jackson RA, et al. EMT: 2016[J]. Cell, 2016, 166(1):21-45.

[6] Moncharmont C, Levy A, Guy JB, et al.Radiation-enhanced cell migration/invasion process: a review[J]. Cri Rev Oncology/Hematology, 2014, 92(2):133-142.

[7] von Essen CF. Radiation enhancement of metastasis: a review[J]. Clin Exp Metastasis, 1991, 9(2):77-104.

[8] Reka AK, Chen G, Jones RC, et al.Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated secretory phenotype predicts survival in lung cancer patients[J]. Carcinogenesis, 2014, 35(6):1292-1300.

[9] Soltermann A, Tischler V, Arbogast S, et al. Prognostic significance of epithelial-mesenchymal and mesenchymal-epithelial transition protein expression in non-small cell lung cancer[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2008, 14(22):7430-7437.

[10]Yang YA, Ahn YH, Chen YL, et al. ZEB1 sensitizes lung adenocarcinoma to metastasis suppression by PI3K antagonism[J]. J Clin Invest, 2014, 124(6):2696-2708.

[11]Yuan WW, Yuan Y, Zhang T, et al.Role of Bmi-1 in re-gulation of ionizing irradiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migration of breast cancer cells[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(3):e0118799.

[12]Diao WL, Luo L, Luo Q. Effect of X-ray irradiation on epithelial-mesenchymal transition of colorectal cancer SW480 cells[J]. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents, 2016, 30(2):553-558.

[13]He EH, Pan F, Li GC, et al. Fractionated ionizing radiation promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human esophageal cancer cells through PTEN deficiency-mediated Akt activation[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(5):e0126149.

[14]Yang HJ, Kim N, Seong KM, et al.Investigation of radiation-induced transcriptome profile of radioresistant non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells using RNA-seq[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(3):e59319.

[15]Youn H, Son B, Kim W, et al.Dissociation of MIF-rpS3 complex and sequential NF-κB activation is involved in IR-induced metastatic conversion of NSCLC[J]. J Cell Biochem, 2015, 116(11):2504-2516.

[16]Kang J, Kim E, Kim W, et al.Rhamnetin and cirsiliol induce radiosensitization and inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by miR-34a-mediated suppression of Notch-1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines[J]. J Biol Chem, 2013, 288(38):27343-27357.

[17]Gomez-Casal R, Bhattacharya C, Ganesh N, et al. Non-small cell lung cancer cells survived ionizing radiation treatment display cancer stem cell and epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotypes[J]. Mol Cancer, 2013, 12:13.

[18]Chen CH, Lin DS, Cheng CW, et al.Cdc6 cooperates with c-Myc to promote genome instability and epithelial to mesenchymal transition EMT in zebrafish[J]. Oncotarget, 2014, 5(15):6300-6311.

[19]Popa I, Zubkova I, Medvedovic M, et al. Regeneration of the adult thymus is preceded by the expansion of K5+K8+epithelial cell progenitors and by increased expression of Trp63, cMyc and Tcf3 transcription factors in the thymic stroma[J]. Int Immunol, 2007, 19(11):1249-1260.

[20]Chang QS, Chen BL, Thakur C, et al. Arsenic-induced sub-lethal stress reprograms human bronchial epithelial cells to CD61 cancer stem cells[J]. Oncotarget, 2014, 5(5):1290-1303.

[21]Senthi S, Lagerwaard FJ, Haasbeek C, et al.Patterns of disease recurrence after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for early stage non-small-cell lung cancer: a retrospective analysis[J]. Lancet Oncol, 2012, 13(8):802-809.

(責(zé)任編輯: 陳妙玲, 羅 森)

X-ray ionizing radiation up-regulates c-Myc expression and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cell line A549

LIU Xiao-yuan1, BAI Li-hong1, WANG Dong-hui2, LIN Geng-peng1, YANG Hui-ling2, GUO Yu-biao1

(1DepartmentofRespiratoryMedicine,TheFirstAffiliatedHospital,2DepartmentofPathophysiology,ZhongshanSchoolofMedicine,SunYat-senUniversity,Guangzhou510080,China.E-mail:guoyubiao@hotmail.com)

AIM: To investigate the effect of ionizing radiation on epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cell line A549 and its possible mechanism.METHODS: The lung cancer A549 cells were irradiated with different doses (0 Gy, 1 Gy, 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 8 Gy) of X-ray for different time. The morphological changes of the cells were observed under inverted microscope at time points of 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, E-cadherin and transcription factor c-Myc was detected by Western blot at the time points of 12 h and 24 h.RESULTS: After ionizing radiation, the contours of the A549 cells were unclear, the protrusions increased, and the edges were irregular, with fried egg-like collapses. The mesenchymal morphology of the A549 cells was most obvious after irradiation at 8 Gy for 48 h. Compared with 0 Gy irradiation group, the expression of vimentin was down-regulated seemingly 12 h after irradiation, but up-regulated in 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 8 Gy irradiation groups for 24 h, and the most obvious effect was observed in 2 Gy irradiation group (P<0.01). Compared with 0 Gy irradiation group, the expression of N-cadherin was up-regulated in 1 Gy, 2 Gy and 4 Gy irradiation groups for 24 h (P<0.05), while the expression of E-cadherin was not influenced. The up-regulation of vimentin expression in lung cancer cell line A549 was positively correlated with c-Myc expression. CONCLUSION: Ionizing radiation may promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the lung cancer cell line A549 by up-regulating the c-Myc expression.

Ionizing radiation; Lung neoplasms; Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

1000- 4718(2017)05- 0788- 05

2017- 01- 06

2017- 04- 10

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No. 81502492); 廣東省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No. 2016A030313839)

R363.1+2; R730.23

A

10.3969/j.issn.1000- 4718.2017.05.004

雜志網(wǎng)址: http://www.cjpp.net

△通訊作者 Tel: 020-87333133; E-mail: guoyubiao@hotmail.com

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