趙衛(wèi)衛(wèi) 吳美娟 楊美紅 吳章福 談紅霞
[摘要] 目的 探討鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子對(duì)腦卒中患者肢體功能的影響。 方法 選取2014年8月~2016年6月的腦卒中偏癱患者80例,根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組,分別為40例。實(shí)驗(yàn)組在常規(guī)康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,包括運(yùn)動(dòng)療法、作業(yè)治療、理療等基礎(chǔ)上,輔予注射鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子治療,療程為20 d。對(duì)照組只使用包括運(yùn)動(dòng)療法、作業(yè)治療、理療等康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,療程為20 d。分別于治療前與治療后8周,采用簡(jiǎn)式Fugl-Meyer評(píng)定法(Fugl-Meyer assessmen,F(xiàn)MA)評(píng)估上下肢運(yùn)動(dòng)功能;應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)易精神狀態(tài)檢查量表(Minimum Mental State Examination,MMSE)進(jìn)行認(rèn)知功能的評(píng)定;以健康調(diào)查簡(jiǎn)表(the mos item short from health survey,SF-36)評(píng)定生活質(zhì)量。 結(jié)果 兩組患者的上下肢FMA評(píng)分較治療前均有升高,但實(shí)驗(yàn)組較對(duì)照組明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。兩組患者的MMSE評(píng)分較治療前均有升高,但實(shí)驗(yàn)組較對(duì)照組明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。兩組患者的SF-36評(píng)分較治療前均有升高,但實(shí)驗(yàn)組較對(duì)照組明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01)。 結(jié)論 鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子可以有效改善腦卒中偏癱患者的肢體功能,促進(jìn)認(rèn)知的改善,明顯提高患者的生活質(zhì)量,值得臨床推薦及進(jìn)一步研究。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子;腦卒中;肢體功能;認(rèn)知;生活質(zhì)量
[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R743.33 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2017)06-0001-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effects of mouse nerve growth factor on limb function in patients with stroke. Methods Eighty patients with hemiplegia between August 2014 and June 2016 were randomly divided into experimental group(n=40) and control group(n=40) according to the random number table. The experimental group was treated with nerve growth factor for 20 days on the basis of routine rehabilitation training, including exercise therapy, occupational therapy and physiotherapy, etc.. The control group was treated only with rehabilitation therapy for 20 days, including exercise therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy. The following indexs were assessed before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment. The motor function of the upper and lower limbs were evaluated by Fugl-Meyer assessing method(FMA). The cognitive function was assessed by the Minimum Mental State Examination(MMSE). The quality of life was evaluated by the mos item short from health survey(SF-36). Results The FMA scores of the upper and lower limbs in both groups were higher than those before treatment. However, the FMA scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The MMSE scores of the two groups were higher than those before treatment. However, the MMSE scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). The SF-36 scores of the two groups were higher than those before treatment. However, the SF-36 scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01). Conclusion Mouse nerve growth factor can improve effectively the limb function of patients with stroke hemiplegia, promote cognitive improvement and improve significantly the quality of life of patients, and it is worthy of clinical recommendation and further study.
[Key words] Mouse nerve growth factor; Stroke; Limb function; Cognition; Quality of life
腦卒中是危害中老年人生命健康的主要疾病之一,致殘率和致死率高,是我國(guó)位于第三位的死亡原因,緊隨心臟病和癌癥之后,且大部分患者會(huì)留下明顯的后遺癥,如嚴(yán)重的認(rèn)知功能障礙、運(yùn)動(dòng)功能障礙,嚴(yán)重影響患者的生活與生命質(zhì)量[1,2],故有效治療顯得尤其重要。鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子具有營(yíng)養(yǎng)神經(jīng)與促進(jìn)突起生長(zhǎng)、修復(fù)神經(jīng)元等作用,但由于大部分學(xué)者認(rèn)為其分子量大,難以通過(guò)血腦屏障,多應(yīng)用于周?chē)窠?jīng)疾病的治療中[3]。雖然有關(guān)于鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子用于腦部疾病的治療,但大多數(shù)具有樣本含量少、觀察指標(biāo)少等缺陷,還不能為臨床治療提供較準(zhǔn)確的依據(jù)。本文通過(guò)探討鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子對(duì)腦卒中患者肢體功能的影響,旨在為臨床治療提供較準(zhǔn)確的依據(jù),結(jié)果樂(lè)觀,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選取本院2014年8月~2016年6月的腦卒中偏癱患者80例,其中男41例,女39例,平均年齡(63.51±3.47)歲。全部病例均符合1995年全國(guó)第四次腦血管病會(huì)議制定的腦卒中偏癱診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4],有影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)的均經(jīng)CT或MRI證實(shí);所有病例均排除既往腦血管病史、嚴(yán)重心肺肝腎疾病、使用抗凝劑、嚴(yán)重感染史及外傷史。根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組,分別為40例。本研究通過(guò)了本院倫理委員會(huì)的審核,且所有入組者均簽署了實(shí)驗(yàn)知情同意書(shū)。兩組患者的一般資料差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 方法
實(shí)驗(yàn)組在常規(guī)康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,包括運(yùn)動(dòng)療法、作業(yè)治療、理療等基礎(chǔ)上,輔予注射鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子(商品名:恩經(jīng)復(fù),未名生物醫(yī)藥有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字:S20060052,18 μg/支)治療,18 μg/次,1次/d,肌肉注射,療程為20 d。對(duì)照組:只給予運(yùn)動(dòng)療法、作業(yè)治療、理療等康復(fù)訓(xùn)練,療程為20 d。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
分別于治療前及治療后8周評(píng)估以下指標(biāo):(1)上下肢運(yùn)動(dòng)功能評(píng)定:采用簡(jiǎn)式Fugl-Meyer評(píng)定法(Fugl-Meyer assessmen,F(xiàn)MA)[5]:上肢Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分包括反射、肩、肘、腕、手指運(yùn)動(dòng)等10大項(xiàng),33個(gè)小項(xiàng),每項(xiàng)分為3 級(jí)(0、1、2);下肢Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分包括反射、髖、膝、踝等7大項(xiàng),17個(gè)小項(xiàng),每項(xiàng)分為3 級(jí)(0、1、2);滿(mǎn)分34分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高說(shuō)明功能越好。(2)應(yīng)用簡(jiǎn)易精神狀態(tài)檢查量表(minimum mental state examination,MMSE)進(jìn)行認(rèn)知功能的評(píng)定[6]:檢查內(nèi)容共分5個(gè)方面,包括定向力、記憶、注意力及計(jì)算力、回憶、語(yǔ)言,共30項(xiàng),每項(xiàng)1分,共30分,凡評(píng)分低于以下范圍者視為認(rèn)知功能損害,即文盲組≤17分,小學(xué)組≤20分,初中及以上組≤24分,得分越高,說(shuō)明認(rèn)知功能越好。(3)以健康調(diào)查簡(jiǎn)表(the mos item short from health survey,SF-36)評(píng)定生活質(zhì)量[7]:該量包括生理功能、生理職能、軀體疾病、一般情況、精力、社會(huì)功能、精神健康、情感功能8個(gè)維度,量表滿(mǎn)分為100分,得分越高則說(shuō)明患者生活質(zhì)量越好。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS20.0軟件分析數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,兩兩比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用百分比表示,兩兩比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為α=0.05,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組上下肢運(yùn)動(dòng)功能比較
兩組患者的上下肢FMA評(píng)分較治療前均有升高,但實(shí)驗(yàn)組較對(duì)照組升高明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表1、2。
2.2兩組認(rèn)知功能比較
兩組患者的MMSE評(píng)分較治療前均有升高,但實(shí)驗(yàn)組較對(duì)照組升高明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表3。
2.3 兩組生活質(zhì)量比較
兩組患者的SF-36評(píng)分較治療前均有升高,但實(shí)驗(yàn)組較對(duì)照組升高明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表4。
3 討論
近年來(lái),隨著全球人口老齡化速度的加快,腦卒中的發(fā)病率也逐年上升,嚴(yán)重影響患者的生活和生命質(zhì)量[8]。腦卒中是發(fā)病率、復(fù)發(fā)率、致死率高的神經(jīng)內(nèi)科常見(jiàn)病,存活者中有約2 /3患者有不同程度的殘疾[9,10],如偏癱、認(rèn)知功能受損等,而如何快速、有效地保護(hù)腦功能,進(jìn)而減輕癥狀成為一線(xiàn)醫(yī)師工作的重點(diǎn)。鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子在近年來(lái)的腦保護(hù)研究中成為熱點(diǎn),尤其是外周神經(jīng)疾病,而中樞神經(jīng)疾病的應(yīng)用較少,故本文設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)用鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子進(jìn)行腦保護(hù)的研究,結(jié)果令人滿(mǎn)意,分析如下。
神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)是具有神經(jīng)元營(yíng)養(yǎng)及神經(jīng)軸突生長(zhǎng)促進(jìn)作用雙重功效的最早發(fā)現(xiàn)的神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)因子[11]。注射用鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子是從小鼠頜下腺中提取的一種神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子,經(jīng)純化后制成,屬于生物活性蛋白,稱(chēng)為mNGF,也是臨床目前發(fā)現(xiàn)最早、研究較清楚的一類(lèi)神經(jīng)因子,已在臨床得到廣泛應(yīng)用,作用機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步研究[12-14]。
腦卒中偏癱患者主要病因在于中樞運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)元受損,而鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子可促進(jìn)中樞神經(jīng)元生長(zhǎng)、促進(jìn)神經(jīng)元分化增殖、促進(jìn)軸突生長(zhǎng)、釋放調(diào)節(jié)因子,可有效阻斷谷氨酸興奮毒性作用,加快神經(jīng)纖維再生與修復(fù)[15],故促進(jìn)了神經(jīng)元的功能恢復(fù),偏癱癥狀減輕。如果腦卒中時(shí)海馬等認(rèn)知相關(guān)神經(jīng)元功能受影響,患者的認(rèn)知必然較前降低,運(yùn)用了鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子后,可因神經(jīng)元受到保護(hù)作用,功能得到部分甚至全部恢復(fù),認(rèn)知評(píng)分提高。另外鼠神經(jīng)生長(zhǎng)因子還可緩解繼發(fā)性腦損傷,如抑制脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化、降低細(xì)胞內(nèi)鈣負(fù)荷;抑制康復(fù)過(guò)程中的炎性反應(yīng),減少炎癥因子腫瘤壞死因子及白細(xì)胞介素等的釋放速度與濃度[16],綜合作用使得腦卒中患者的肢體運(yùn)動(dòng)功能與認(rèn)知得到保護(hù),最后使得患者的生活質(zhì)量提高。