高繼勇, 馮占超, 徐京風(fēng), 李福海
(1濟(jì)南市婦幼保健院兒科, 山東 濟(jì)南 250001; 2山東省單縣婦幼保健院保健科, 山東 單縣 274300; 3山東省地礦職工醫(yī)院兒科, 山東 濟(jì)南 250013; 4山東大學(xué)齊魯醫(yī)院兒科, 山東 濟(jì)南250002)
過表達(dá)miRNA-29a對(duì)野百合堿誘導(dǎo)的大鼠肺動(dòng)脈高壓的作用*
高繼勇1, 馮占超2, 徐京風(fēng)3, 李福海4△
(1濟(jì)南市婦幼保健院兒科, 山東 濟(jì)南 250001;2山東省單縣婦幼保健院保健科, 山東 單縣 274300;3山東省地礦職工醫(yī)院兒科, 山東 濟(jì)南 250013;4山東大學(xué)齊魯醫(yī)院兒科, 山東 濟(jì)南250002)
目的: 檢測(cè)微小RNA(miRNA)-29a在野百合堿誘導(dǎo)的肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠肺動(dòng)脈血管壁組織中的表達(dá),研究過表達(dá)miRNA-29a對(duì)肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠的影響,并探討其初步機(jī)制。方法: 在野百合堿誘導(dǎo)的肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠模型上,用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR測(cè)定肺組織miRNA-29a的表達(dá)水平;尾靜脈注射miRNA-29a-mimic后,記錄大鼠肺動(dòng)脈壓和體循環(huán)動(dòng)脈壓,蘇木素-伊紅染色觀察肺動(dòng)脈組織的形態(tài),Western blot檢測(cè)肺動(dòng)脈組織中p-Akt與p-eNOS的蛋白水平。結(jié)果: 野百合堿誘導(dǎo)的肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠肺動(dòng)脈血管壁組織中miRNA-29a呈低表達(dá);過表達(dá)miRNA-29a后,大鼠肺動(dòng)脈壓明顯下降,體循環(huán)血壓無顯著變化,肺動(dòng)脈中膜增厚程度顯著減弱,肺血管重構(gòu)現(xiàn)象不明顯,p-Akt與p-eNOS的蛋白水平上調(diào)。結(jié)論: 過表達(dá)miRNA-29a對(duì)野百合堿誘導(dǎo)的大鼠肺動(dòng)脈高壓具有改善作用,可能與激活PI3k/Akt-eNOS信號(hào)通路有關(guān)。
肺動(dòng)脈高壓; 微小RNA-29a; PI3k/Akt-eNOS信號(hào)通路
肺動(dòng)脈高壓(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)是以肺動(dòng)脈壓力升高和肺血管阻力增加為特征的、由不同病因?qū)е碌木C合征。由于肺動(dòng)脈壓力病理升高,引起右心衰竭,被稱為“心血管系統(tǒng)的惡性腫瘤”[1]。目前臨床上進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)極高,預(yù)后很差;藥物治療僅限于應(yīng)用內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞舒縮調(diào)節(jié)因子,如前列腺素類似物等,可以改善肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者的癥狀,但患者的5年存活率依舊不高[2-3]。
微小RNA(mircoRNA, miRNA)-29家族主要有miRNA-29a、miRNA-29b與miRNA-29c,其中miRNA-29a的編碼基因位于7號(hào)染色體[4]。研究顯示在胚胎期的組織中,miRNA-29不表達(dá)或呈低表達(dá),但在成熟后,于肺、腎與心臟等組織細(xì)胞中呈高表達(dá),是參與調(diào)控動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化形成、發(fā)生和發(fā)展的主要危險(xiǎn)因素[5]。國(guó)外有學(xué)者在研究小鼠心肌梗死模型與人心肌梗死病例時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),在心臟梗死區(qū)域miRNA-29的表達(dá)顯著下調(diào),提示miRNA-29可能與心肌細(xì)胞的纖維化有關(guān)[6]。國(guó)內(nèi)有學(xué)者研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miRNA-29a對(duì)腹主動(dòng)脈瘤的平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖凋亡有影響,過表達(dá)miRNA-29a可促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖,抑制凋亡[7]。本文觀察肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠模型肺動(dòng)脈血管壁miRNA-29a的表達(dá),并通過過表達(dá)miRNA-29a,觀察野百合堿(monocrotaline,MCT)誘導(dǎo)的大鼠肺動(dòng)脈高壓的變化。
1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物和試劑
健康Wistar大鼠40只,雄性,清潔級(jí),8~12周齡,體重200~250 g,由山東大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心提供,飼養(yǎng)于溫度恒定(22±2) ℃、濕度恒定(55±5)%的環(huán)境中,給予標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飼料進(jìn)食,自由飲水。
MCT購(gòu)自Sigma。將MCT溶于1 mol/L稀鹽酸,配置成1%濃度的溶液,用1 mol/L氫氧化鉀調(diào)節(jié)pH值至7.2,用生理鹽水配置為10 g/L的溶液備用。miRNA-29a negative control (miRNA-29a-NC)與miRNA-29a-mimic由上海吉瑪制藥技術(shù)有限公司合成;抗Akt和p-Akt抗體購(gòu)自CST;抗內(nèi)皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase, eNOS)和p-eNOS抗體購(gòu)自BD。
2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
2.1 野百合堿誘導(dǎo)肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠模型的建立 大鼠進(jìn)行皮下注射野百合堿溶液60 mg/kg,自由進(jìn)食、飲水,4周后,用10%水合氯醛腹腔注射麻醉,肺動(dòng)脈高壓組大鼠注射相同劑量的生理鹽水,行經(jīng)胸體表彩超鑒定,對(duì)比肺動(dòng)脈主干內(nèi)徑數(shù)據(jù)與主動(dòng)脈寬度數(shù)據(jù)。
2.2 qPCR測(cè)定miRNA-29a的表達(dá) 取適量正常大鼠與肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠的肺組織,剪碎,按照TRIzol說明書裂解細(xì)胞,使用氯仿提取總RNA,用紫外分光光度法測(cè)定RNA樣品的A260值,并進(jìn)行定量。進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng),miRNA-29a的上游引物為5’-CATCTGACTAGCACCATCTGAAAT-3’,下游引物為5’-TATGGTTGTTCTGCTCTCTGTCTC-3’;內(nèi)參照U6的上游引物為5’-ATTGGAACGATACAGAGAAGATT-3’,下游引物為5’ -GGAACGCTTCACGAATTTG-3’。擴(kuò)增條件為:95 ℃ 3 min,94 ℃ 30 s,62 ℃ 40 s,40個(gè)循環(huán)。PCR擴(kuò)增完成后,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線和擴(kuò)增曲線由PCR儀器自動(dòng)生成,所得結(jié)果直接在熒光定量操作系統(tǒng)中進(jìn)行比較分析,目標(biāo)基因的相對(duì)定量按2-ΔΔCt計(jì)算。
2.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)分組 實(shí)驗(yàn)共分為正常對(duì)照組(control組)、肺動(dòng)脈高壓組(PAH組)、空白載體組(miR-29a-NC組)與miRNA-29a-mimic組,每組各10只大鼠。正常對(duì)照組不進(jìn)行造模;造模成功的大鼠隨機(jī)分為肺動(dòng)脈高壓組、空白載體組與miR-29a-mimic組,miR-29a-mimic組大鼠給予尾靜脈注射miRNA-29-mimic,空白載體組給予等量miRNA-29a-NC。
2.4 尾靜脈注射miR-29a-mimic 將1 μL(1 nmol)的miRNA-29a-NC或者miR-29a-mimic溶于100 μL PBS中,隨后將30 μL Lipofectamine 2000與70 μL PBS相互混合,最后將以上2種混合物混合均勻,并室溫放置30 min,使用胰島素注射器通過尾靜脈注射方式注入小鼠體內(nèi)。
2.5 血流動(dòng)力學(xué)檢測(cè) 給藥完成后,各組大鼠每100 g體重腹腔注射肝素 50 U,5 min后采用10%氨基甲酸乙酯(1 g/kg)腹腔麻醉,經(jīng)右頸外靜脈進(jìn)行右心室插管術(shù),用20號(hào)套管針經(jīng)右心室穿刺至肺動(dòng)脈主干,記錄大鼠肺動(dòng)脈壓(pulmonary artery pressure,PAP),退出導(dǎo)管,在近心端結(jié)扎右頸外靜脈,從右頸總動(dòng)脈插入導(dǎo)管,記錄體循環(huán)動(dòng)脈壓(systemic arterial pressure,SAP)。
2.6 肺動(dòng)脈組織形態(tài) 處死大鼠,分離左肺,用15 cmH2O壓力沿氣管注射4%多聚甲醛,石蠟包埋、切片,進(jìn)行蘇木精-伊紅染色,光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察肺血管形態(tài),計(jì)算機(jī)圖像分析計(jì)算中膜厚度占血管直徑的百分比(WT%)和中膜面積占血管壁總面積百分比(WA%)。
2.7 Western blot實(shí)驗(yàn) 給藥完成后,取各組大鼠的肺動(dòng)脈組織,用RIPA細(xì)胞裂解液裂解,提取總蛋白后采用BCA法定量,調(diào)整蛋白濃度。取適量裂解產(chǎn)物,上樣后進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE分離,電轉(zhuǎn)至硝酸纖維素膜,加入5%脫脂奶粉封閉液室溫封閉1 h,孵育相應(yīng) I 抗,4 ℃孵育過夜,洗膜后,室溫孵育相應(yīng) II 抗1 h,洗膜,使用化學(xué)發(fā)光法試劑盒對(duì)PVDF膜進(jìn)行曝光顯影,成像掃描分析系統(tǒng)測(cè)定目的和內(nèi)參照條帶的吸光度。
3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
全部數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 15.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行處理,數(shù)據(jù)采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(mean±SD)表示,組間比較采用單因素方差分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
1 肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠肺組織miRNA-29a的表達(dá)
結(jié)果顯示,肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠肺組織中miRNA-29a的表達(dá)顯著低于正常大鼠,見圖1。給予尾靜脈注射miR-29a-mimic 4周后,檢測(cè)大鼠肺組織中miRNA-29a的表達(dá),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)注射miR-29a-mimic后大鼠肺組織中miRNA-29a的表達(dá)顯著升高,見圖2。
Figure 1.The expression of miRNA-29a in the lung tissue of pulmonary hypertension rats. Mean±SD.n=6.*P<0.05vscontrol group.
圖1 miRNA-29a在肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠肺組織的表達(dá)
2 血流動(dòng)力學(xué)檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)
與正常對(duì)照組組相比,肺動(dòng)脈高壓組大鼠的肺動(dòng)脈壓顯著升高,右心壁明顯增厚;與空白載體組相比,miR-29a-mimic組大鼠的肺動(dòng)脈壓明顯下降,右心壁增厚程度減弱;3組大鼠的體循環(huán)血壓無顯著變化,見表1。
Figure 2.The expression of miRNA-29a in the lung tissue of pulmonary hypertension rats after transfection with miR-29a-mimic. Mean±SD.n=6.*P<0.05vscontrol group;#P<0.05vsPAH group.
圖2 轉(zhuǎn)染miR-29a-mimic后,miRNA-29a在肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠肺組織的mRNA表達(dá)
3 各組大鼠肺動(dòng)脈的形態(tài)學(xué)觀察
與正常對(duì)照組相比,肺動(dòng)脈高壓組大鼠的肺動(dòng)脈中膜明顯增厚,有顯著的肺血管重構(gòu)現(xiàn)象,內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷、脫落,WT%和WA%顯著升高;與肺動(dòng)脈高壓組相比,miR-29a-mimic組大鼠的肺動(dòng)脈中膜增厚程度顯著減弱,肺血管重構(gòu)現(xiàn)象不明顯,WT%和WA%明顯降低,見圖3、表1。
Figure 3.The morphological observation of pulmonary arteries of rats in each group (×200).
圖3 各組大鼠肺動(dòng)脈形態(tài)學(xué)觀察
表1 各組大鼠血流動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)和肺動(dòng)脈結(jié)構(gòu)變化的比較
*P<0.05vscontrol group;#P<0.05vsPAH group.
4 p-Akt與p-eNOS蛋白水平的變化
檢測(cè)各組大鼠肺動(dòng)脈組織p-Akt與p-eNOS蛋白水平的變化,結(jié)果顯示肺動(dòng)脈高壓組大鼠p-Akt與p-eNOS的蛋白水平顯著下調(diào); miR-29a-mimic組大鼠p-Akt與p-eNOS的蛋白水平明顯高于肺動(dòng)脈高壓組,見圖4。
我們研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在野百合堿誘導(dǎo)的肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠模型中,肺動(dòng)脈血管壁組織中miRNA-29a的表達(dá)水平比正常大鼠低,提示miRNA-29a在大鼠肺動(dòng)脈高壓的發(fā)病機(jī)制中具有特異性,推測(cè)miRNA-29a在肺動(dòng)脈高壓中可能具有調(diào)控的作用。我們給肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠尾靜脈注射miRNA-29a-mimic,結(jié)果顯示miRNA-29a-mimic轉(zhuǎn)染后,肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠的肺動(dòng)脈壓明顯下降,肺動(dòng)脈中膜增厚程度顯著減弱,肺血管重構(gòu)現(xiàn)象不明顯,提示過表達(dá)miRNA-29a能夠改善肺動(dòng)脈高壓的肺血管重構(gòu)現(xiàn)象,推測(cè)可能是由于過表達(dá)miRNA-29a減少了肺組織細(xì)胞的凋亡。
Figure 4.The protein levels of p-Akt and p-eNOS. Mean±SD.n=6.*P<0.05vscontrol group;#P<0.05vsPAH group.
圖4 p-Akt與p-eNOS蛋白水平的變化
PI3K/Akt信號(hào)通路是體內(nèi)非常重要的分子信號(hào)通路,而NOS主要存在3種異構(gòu)體,eNOS是血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生一氧化氮的主要途徑。PI3K通過激活A(yù)kt,使Akt發(fā)生磷酸化與eNOS磷酸化,從而促進(jìn)一氧化氮的生成與釋放,抑制平滑肌細(xì)胞的增殖,降低血管的張力[8-9]。eNOS第1 179位絲氨酸(Ser1179)的磷酸化是調(diào)控eNOS活性的關(guān)鍵位點(diǎn)[10]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Akt激活后,能夠增強(qiáng)eNOS Ser1179位點(diǎn)的磷酸化水平從而激活eNOS,生成一氧化氮[11]。我們采用Western blot檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)過表達(dá)miRNA-29a對(duì)肺動(dòng)脈組織中p-Akt與p-eNOS的蛋白水平具有上調(diào)作用,推測(cè)過表達(dá)miRNA-29a后,激活PI3K/Akt-eNOS信號(hào)通路,使得Akt與eNOS磷酸化,進(jìn)一步增加一氧化氮的生成與釋放,降低肺動(dòng)脈血管張力,降低肺動(dòng)脈的壓力,改善右心功能,提高肺動(dòng)脈高壓大鼠的生存時(shí)間。同時(shí)我們通過對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的檢測(cè),的確發(fā)現(xiàn)過表達(dá)miRNA-29a后大鼠的肺動(dòng)脈壓明顯下降和右心壁增厚程度減弱。
綜上所述,miRNA-29a主要是通過激活PI3K/Akt-eNOS信號(hào)通路對(duì)大鼠肺動(dòng)脈高壓發(fā)揮調(diào)控作用,因此本實(shí)驗(yàn)為尋找慢性炎癥型肺動(dòng)脈高壓的新治療靶點(diǎn)提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)。
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(責(zé)任編輯: 盧 萍, 羅 森)
Effects of miRNA-29a on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats
GAO Ji-yong1, FENG Zhan-chao2, XU Jing-feng3, LI Fu-hai4
(1DepartmentofPediatrics,JinanMaternalandChildHealthHospital,Jinan250001,China;2DepartmentofHealth,ShanxianMaternalandChildHealthHospital,Shanxian274300,China;3DepartmentofPediatrics,Worker’sHospitalofShandongProvincialBureauofGeology&MineralResources,Jinan250013,China;4DepartmentofPediatrics,QiluHospitalofShandongUniversity,Jinan250002,China.E-mail:drlifuhai@126.com)
AIM: To detect the expression of microRNA (miRNA)-29a in pulmonary arteries of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats, and to investigate the effects of miRNA-29a on pulmonary hypertension. METHODS: MCT-induced pulmonary hypertensive model was established in Wistar rats. The expression of miRNA-29a in the lung tissue was determined by qPCR. miRNA-29a was overexpressed in the pulmonary hypertension rats by tail vein injection of miRNA-29a-mimic. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and systemic arterial pressure (SAP) were measured. The morphological changes of the pulmonary arteries were observed by HE staining. The protein levels of p-Akt and p-eNOS were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: The mRNA expression of miRNA-29a was significantly decreased in the pulmonary arteries of MCT-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. Furthermore, after overexpression of miRNA-29a, PAP was remarkably reduced, while SAP remained unchanged. In addition, the increased thickness of tunica media, the remodeling of pulmonary arteries and the decreased protein levels of p-Akt and p-eNOS in the pulmonary hypertensive rats were dramati-cally changed after miRNA-29a overexpression.CONCLUSION: Overexpression of miRNA-29a ameliorates pulmonary hypertension in rats. These effects may be associated with the activation of PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling pathway.
Pulmonary hypertension; MicroRNA-29a; PI3K/Akt-eNOS signaling pathway
1000- 4718(2017)04- 0608- 04
2017- 01- 03
2017- 02- 27
山東省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No. 2013WSB20008)
R363.1
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000- 4718.2017.04.006
△通訊作者 Tel: 0531-82169216; E-mail: drlifuhai@126.com