陳聚伍,謝 冕,任 佳,孟 宇
·臨床診療提示·
微小RNA-124在急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷所致急性脊髓損傷中的診斷價(jià)值
陳聚伍*,謝 冕,任 佳,孟 宇
目的 探討微小RNA-124(miR-124)對(duì)急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷所致急性脊髓損傷的診斷價(jià)值。方法 選取2014年9月—2015年9月在鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院急診入院的45例急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷患者,并按照脊髓損傷神經(jīng)學(xué)分類國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的美國(guó)脊髓損傷協(xié)會(huì)殘損分級(jí)(AISA分級(jí))將患者分為脊髓完全損傷組(AISA分級(jí)A級(jí))15例、脊髓不完全損傷組(AISA分級(jí)B、C、D級(jí))15例、神經(jīng)功能正常組(AISA分級(jí)E級(jí))15例,另選取同期入院的急性四肢創(chuàng)傷患者15例為對(duì)照組。抽取各組患者創(chuàng)傷后24 h內(nèi)外周靜脈血并對(duì)其血漿miR-124水平及血清腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)水平進(jìn)行測(cè)定。結(jié)果 各組間miR-124、TNF-α水平比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。脊髓完全損傷組、脊髓不完全損傷組的miR-124、TNF-α水平均高于神經(jīng)功能正常組與對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。患者創(chuàng)傷后24 h外周靜脈血miR-124、TNF-α診斷急性脊髓損傷的受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線下面積分別為0.948〔95%CI(0.890,1.000)〕、0.770〔95%CI(0.641,0.879)〕。結(jié)論 miR-124診斷急性脊髓損傷的特異度要優(yōu)于TNF-α,今后可將miR-124作為診斷急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷后急性脊髓損傷的潛在檢測(cè)標(biāo)志物。
脊柱損傷;脊髓損傷;診斷;腫瘤壞死因子-α;微小RNA-124
陳聚伍,謝 冕,任 佳,等.微小RNA-124在急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷所致急性脊髓損傷中的診斷價(jià)值[J].中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué),2017,20(12):1506-1510.[www.chinagp.net]
CHEN J W,XIE M,REN J,et al.Diagnostic value of miR-124 in acute spinal cord injury caused by acute spinal trauma[J].Chinese General Practice,2017,20(12):1506-1510.
急性脊髓損傷(spinal cord injury,SCI)是一種由高能量損傷引起的病死率高、并發(fā)癥多、致殘率高、預(yù)后差的疾病[1]?;颊叨喟橛薪K身軀體功能障礙,給社會(huì)及其家庭帶來(lái)極大負(fù)擔(dān)和痛苦[2]。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,由車禍傷、墜落傷引起的急性SCI的救治,日益成為創(chuàng)傷外科面臨的難題。
微小RNA(miR)是一類由21~25個(gè)核苷酸組成的內(nèi)源性表達(dá)的單鏈非編碼小RNA,通過抑制靶mRNA翻譯或促使其降解對(duì)基因表達(dá)起調(diào)控作用[3]。微小RNA-124(miR-124)在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中表達(dá)水平特異性升高,但在其他組織中尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)這種特性[4]。近年來(lái),通過外周靜脈血標(biāo)志物監(jiān)測(cè)中樞神經(jīng)的早期病變或預(yù)測(cè)重度中樞神經(jīng)病變的預(yù)后受到更多研究者的重視[5-6]。有研究顯示,神經(jīng)組織及外周靜脈血腫瘤壞死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)水平與脊髓損傷相關(guān)[7]。動(dòng)物研究證實(shí)當(dāng)中樞神經(jīng)受損時(shí),外周靜脈血中的miR-124水平會(huì)發(fā)生變化[8]。本研究旨在探討miR-124對(duì)急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷所致急性SCI的診斷價(jià)值。
1.1 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)急性SCI患者符合2013美國(guó)神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)師大會(huì)(CNS)和美國(guó)神經(jīng)外科醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)(AANS)發(fā)布的急性脊髓損傷管理指南中的相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9],急性四肢創(chuàng)傷患者有明確的影像學(xué)診斷;(2)患者創(chuàng)傷發(fā)生時(shí)間距入院時(shí)間均在24 h內(nèi);(3)患者年齡≥18周歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)半年內(nèi)有脊髓及顱腦相關(guān)創(chuàng)傷及手術(shù)史者;(2)存在大面積心肌梗死或急性冠脈綜合征、嚴(yán)重心律失常、急性呼吸窘迫綜合征等嚴(yán)重心肺疾病者;(3)急性嚴(yán)重顱腦損傷(嚴(yán)重腦創(chuàng)傷、大量腦出血、大面積腦梗死、嚴(yán)重腦干損傷等)者;(4)孕婦;(5)既往有急性SCI、顱腦損傷史者;(6)伴有惡性腫瘤、急慢性感染、嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全、腦血管疾病、自身免疫性疾病及血液系統(tǒng)疾病者。
1.2 研究對(duì)象 回顧性分析2014年9月—2015年9月在鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院急診入院且診斷明確的急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷患者的臨床資料。最終確定符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)且資料完整的急性SCI患者共45例,其中頸椎骨折27例、截癱26例、四肢癱瘓19例、胸腰椎骨折18例。按照SCI神經(jīng)學(xué)分類國(guó)際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的美國(guó)脊髓損傷協(xié)會(huì)殘損分級(jí)(AISA分級(jí))[10]將患者分為脊髓完全損傷組(AISA分級(jí)A級(jí))15例、脊髓不完全損傷組(AISA分級(jí)B、C、D級(jí))15例、神經(jīng)功能正常組(AISA分級(jí)E級(jí))15例;另選取同期入院的急性四肢創(chuàng)傷患者15例為對(duì)照組。本研究經(jīng)本院倫理委員會(huì)審查通過,符合醫(yī)學(xué)倫理學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并獲得患者或其代理人同意。
1.3 主要試劑及儀器 TNF-α放射免疫檢測(cè)試劑盒:北京北雅免疫生物技術(shù)研究所;RNA提取試劑:美國(guó)MRC公司-TRI Reagent BD;實(shí)時(shí)災(zāi)光定量PCR試劑盒及反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒:TaKaRa公司;γ計(jì)數(shù)器:德國(guó)PerkinElmer公司;PCR儀:美國(guó)ABI公司;ND2000C紫外分光光度計(jì):美國(guó)賽默飛世爾科
本文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)/不足:
(1)既往的脊髓損傷動(dòng)物模型多測(cè)定脊髓組織中微小RNA-124(miR-124)水平的遠(yuǎn)期改變,很少關(guān)注急性期改變,無(wú)論是在相關(guān)動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)還是臨床研究中,均少有涉及。(2)本研究的觀察對(duì)象相對(duì)較少,入組患者創(chuàng)傷的類型并不十分全面,與急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷的疾病譜有一定差異,這和創(chuàng)傷性疾病的分級(jí)救治與轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)規(guī)律有一定關(guān)系。
技公司。
1.4 標(biāo)本采集 患者入院后(創(chuàng)傷發(fā)生后24 h內(nèi))采集外周靜脈血約4 ml,置于EDTA-K2抗凝管,在4 ℃條件下保存。
1.5 血漿miR-124水平測(cè)定 采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR技術(shù)測(cè)定血漿miR-124水平,外周靜脈血標(biāo)本在3 000×g條件下離心10 min,取得血漿并轉(zhuǎn)至1.5 ml EP管中,在12 000×g條件下再次離心10 min后取200 μl血漿,用RNA提取試劑提取總RNA。ND2000C 紫外分光光度計(jì)檢測(cè)RNA的濃度和純度。取A260/A280為1.8~2.1 的樣品用于下一步實(shí)驗(yàn);嚴(yán)格按反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書將RNA反轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA。由廣州市銳博生物科技有限公司完成引物的設(shè)計(jì)與合成。反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃預(yù)變性30 s;95 ℃變性3 s,60 ℃退火、延伸30 s,40個(gè)循環(huán);95 ℃ 15 s,60 ℃ 1 min,95℃ 15 s,60℃ 15 s,1個(gè)循環(huán)繪制溶解曲線。內(nèi)參基因:U6。血漿miR-124水平用2-ΔΔCt法計(jì)算[11]。
1.6 血清 TNF-α水平測(cè)定 采用放射免疫法測(cè)定血清TNF-α水平,嚴(yán)格按試劑盒說明操作。
2.1 各組一般資料比較 各組性別、年齡、身高、體質(zhì)量比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);各組入院體溫比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表1)。
2.2 各組外周靜脈血miR-124、TNF-α水平比較 各組miR-124、TNF-α水平比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。脊髓完全損傷組、脊髓不完全損傷組miR-124、TNF-α水平均高于神經(jīng)功能正常組與對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
2.3 外周靜脈血miR-124與TNF-α對(duì)急性SCI的診斷價(jià)值 外周靜脈血miR-124與TNF-α診斷急性SCI的AUC分別為0.948〔95%CI(0.890,1.000)〕及0.770〔95%CI(0.641,0.879),見表3、圖1〕。
表1 各組一般資料比較
Table 1 General data of complete SCI,incomplete SCI,normal nerve function and control groups
組別例數(shù)性別(男/女)年齡(x±s,歲)身高(x±s,m)體質(zhì)量(x±s,kg)入院體溫(x±s,℃)對(duì)照組159/643.5±10.51.7±0.164.3±7.336.8±0.4脊髓完全損傷組159/645.9±10.81.7±0.162.8±9.437.6±0.8脊髓不完全損傷組1510/544.5±10.61.7±0.163.6±9.237.4±0.5神經(jīng)功能正常組1510/547.1±11.61.7±0.164.5±6.837.2±0.6F(χ2)值0.29a0.31-0.200.135.07P值0.960.820.890.94<0.05
注:a為χ2值
Table 2 miR-124 and TNF-α levels in peripheral venous blood in complete SCI,incomplete SCI,normal nerve function and control groups
組別例數(shù)miR-124TNF-α(μg/L)對(duì)照組150.34±0.041.69±0.19脊髓完全損傷組150.48±0.06a1.97±0.22a脊髓不完全損傷組150.47±0.07a1.85±0.43a神經(jīng)功能正常組150.39±0.07bc1.78±0.21bcF值27.283.51P值<0.01<0.05
注:miR-124=微小RNA-124,TNF-α=腫瘤壞死因子α;與對(duì)照組比較,aP<0.05; 與脊髓完全損傷組比較,bP<0.05;與脊髓不完全損傷組比較,cP<0.05
表3 外周靜脈血miR-124、TNF-α對(duì)急性SCI的診斷價(jià)值
Table 3 Value of miR-124 and TNF-α in peripheral venous blood for the diagnosis of acute SCI
指標(biāo)截?cái)嘀奠`敏度(%)特異度(%)約登指數(shù)陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值(%)陰性預(yù)測(cè)值(%)miR-1240.459a90.090.00.80090.090.0TNF-α1.82576.780.00.56779.377.4
注:a為相對(duì)表達(dá)水平
急性SCI作為患者長(zhǎng)期預(yù)后及生存質(zhì)量最差的骨科急癥之一[12],極易造成家庭巨大的醫(yī)療支出。判斷急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷是否伴發(fā)急性SCI主要通過病史的采集和相關(guān)體格檢查,精神狀態(tài)較好的成年患者可以告知醫(yī)師主訴并且配合其完成體格檢查,但是由于疼痛、驚嚇、休克等原因造成不能早期判斷患者SCI情況[13]。一旦發(fā)生急性SCI,易引起神經(jīng)組織內(nèi)鏈?zhǔn)降难仔苑磻?yīng),伴隨有大量炎性細(xì)胞與炎性遞質(zhì)的滲出及浸潤(rùn),再加之骨折端的物理刺激、血腫壓迫等原因?qū)е禄颊卟∏樵谠缙诔?huì)出現(xiàn)進(jìn)行性加重,損傷發(fā)生超過24 h,再行手術(shù)和藥物治療將喪失最佳治療時(shí)機(jī)[14]。臨床上也使用體感誘發(fā)電位和MRI獲取患者急性SCI的客觀信息,但面臨軀體多次搬運(yùn)、設(shè)備及人員的完備率、脫離高級(jí)生命支持狀態(tài)下時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)、患者本人主客觀條件不配合(如疼痛、創(chuàng)傷后精神障礙)等諸多難以解決的問題。而此時(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)室診斷則排除了上述主客觀因素的干擾,在避免漏診、縮短確診時(shí)間、治療方案的制定和手術(shù)時(shí)機(jī)的把握等方面體現(xiàn)出較大輔助作用。外周靜脈血是臨床上最常用的標(biāo)本類型,以往的研究中多使用外周靜脈血中前列腺素等炎性因子,核因子κB(NF-κB)等細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路的標(biāo)志物,半胱氨酸蛋白酶32等調(diào)控蛋白作為急性SCI的相關(guān)判定指標(biāo)[15-17]。TNF-α最早是作為一種具有殺傷腫瘤作用的物質(zhì)被發(fā)現(xiàn),已有研究認(rèn)為TNF-α在中樞神經(jīng)組織的損傷中具有指示作用[18],也有研究者對(duì)白介素6(IL-6)、白介素8(IL-8)在急性SCI診斷方面進(jìn)行了研究[19],但是這些指標(biāo)在炎性疾病、腫瘤性疾病中均有特征性表現(xiàn),單純通過病史并不能確定患者體內(nèi)的相關(guān)因子變化有單一的中樞神經(jīng)損傷來(lái)源。miR-124是最早被證實(shí)在成年哺乳動(dòng)物的腦和脊髓神經(jīng)元中大量表達(dá)的miR分子之一,近年來(lái)其在中樞神經(jīng)損傷方面的臨床研究逐漸深入。以往學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-124在腦缺血、癲癇、帕金森病等中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病發(fā)生中起著較為重要的作用[20-22]。近年來(lái)不斷有實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)miR-124在小鼠等哺乳動(dòng)物急性SCI后的繼發(fā)性神經(jīng)損傷過程中有十分重要的作用[23],并且其在急性SCI的干細(xì)胞治療領(lǐng)域的靶向指導(dǎo)作用也受到重視[24],給急性SCI組織的修復(fù)與再生研究提供了重要的靶點(diǎn)和監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)[25]。
注:miR-124=微小RNA-124,TNF-α=腫瘤壞死因子α
圖1 外周靜脈血miR-124與TNF-α診斷急性SCI的ROC曲線
Figure 1 ROC curve for miR-124 and TNF-α in peripheral venous blood for the diagnosis of acute SCI
本研究結(jié)果顯示,脊髓完全、不完全損傷組患者創(chuàng)傷后24 h內(nèi)外周靜脈血miR-124、TNF-α水平均高于神經(jīng)功能正常組與對(duì)照組,說明上述兩指標(biāo)對(duì)于急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷患者急性SCI的診斷均有指導(dǎo)意義,其中miR-124診斷急性SCI的特異度(90.0%)和靈敏度(90.0%)均高于TNF-α(特異度80.0%,靈敏度76.7%)。患者傷后24 h內(nèi)外周靜脈血miR-124診斷急性SCI的AUC(0.948)大于TNF-α(0.770),miR-124相較于TNF-α更適合協(xié)助診斷急性SCI。將來(lái)在面對(duì)有疑似急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷病史的患者時(shí),醫(yī)生在24 h內(nèi)抽取外周靜脈血,測(cè)定miR-124水平,就能篩選出急性SCI患者,進(jìn)而進(jìn)行積極手術(shù)/藥物治療,以改善預(yù)后、減少致殘的發(fā)生。
綜上所述,miR-124診斷急性SCI的特異度明顯優(yōu)于TNF-α,能夠在創(chuàng)傷發(fā)生的急性期(24 h內(nèi))鑒別出急性SCI患者,有利于急性SCI急診手術(shù)的開展。未來(lái)可將miR-124作為診斷急性脊柱創(chuàng)傷后急性SCI的潛在檢測(cè)標(biāo)志物。
作者貢獻(xiàn):陳聚伍負(fù)責(zé)試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),撰寫論文并對(duì)文章負(fù)責(zé);謝冕負(fù)責(zé)課題實(shí)施,試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)、資料收集,統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,文章審校;任佳、孟宇負(fù)責(zé)標(biāo)本采集和臨床資料整理。
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(本文編輯:崔莎)
Diagnostic Value of miR-124 in Acute Spinal Cord Injury Caused by Acute Spinal Trauma
CHENJu-wu*,XIEMian,RENJia,MENGYu
EmergencyMedicineDepartment,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofZhengzhouUniversity,Zhengzhou450052,China
*Correspondingauthor:CHENJu-wu,Professor;E-mail:feiyangdabeiyao@yahoo.com
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of microRNA-124(miR-124) in acute spinal cord injury(SCI) caused by acute spinal trauma.Methods The subjects enrolled in this study were 45 patients with acute spinal trauma and 15 patients with acute limb trauma admitted to Emergency Medicine Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2014 to September 2015.In accordance with the SCI level evaluated by American Spinal Injury Association(ASIA) Impairment Scale in International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury,the patients with acute spinal trauma were divided into complete SCI group(ASIA grade A,n=15) and incomplete SCI group(ASIA grade B,C,D,n=15),normal nerve function group(ASIA grade E,n=15).The patients with acute limb fracture were set as the control group.Peripheral venous blood was taken from the patients in each group within 24 hours after injury and the levels of plasma miR-124 and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) were measured.Results Significant differences in miR-124 as well as in TNF-α levels were found between the groups(P<0.05).Levels of both miR-124 and TNF-α were higher in the complete SCI group than in normal nerve function group and control group(P<0.05).Incomplete SCI group had higher levels of both miR-124 and TNF-α than the normal nerve function group and control group(P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC) of receiver operating characteristic(ROC) of miR-124,TNF-α at 24h after injury for diagnosing acute SCI was 0.948〔95%CI(0.890,1.000)〕,0.770〔95%CI(0.641,0.879)〕 respectively.Conclusion The specificity of miR-124 for the diagnosis of acute SCI due to spinal trauma is better than that of TNF-α.Therefore,in the future,miR-124 can be used as a potential marker for the diagnosis of the disease.
Spinal injuries;Spinal cord injuries;Diagnosis;Tumor necrosis factor-alpha;miR-124
國(guó)家臨床重點(diǎn)??平ㄔO(shè)項(xiàng)目(2012-649)
R 826.64
B
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2017.12.019
2016-11-19;
2017-02-08)
450052河南省鄭州市,鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院急診醫(yī)學(xué)部
*通信作者:陳聚伍,教授;E-mail:feiyangdabeiyao@yahoo.com