邵婷,邢軍,周劍利,曹佳宇,趙秀蘭
(1華北理工大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院,河北唐山 063000;2 華北理工大學(xué))
GDM孕婦肘靜脈及新生兒臍靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平變化及意義
邵婷1,邢軍1,周劍利1,曹佳宇1,趙秀蘭2
(1華北理工大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院,河北唐山 063000;2 華北理工大學(xué))
目的觀察妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)孕婦肘靜脈血清、新生兒臍靜脈血清中晚期糖基化終末產(chǎn)物(AGE)及AGE受體(RAGE)水平的變化,探討其二者與GDM發(fā)病、新生兒早期神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的關(guān)系。方法選取GDM孕婦80例(GDM組),按孕周匹配同期住院分娩糖耐量正常孕婦80例為對(duì)照組。采用ELISA法分別檢測(cè)兩組母體肘靜脈及新生兒臍靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平;出生72 h內(nèi),對(duì)新生兒行新生兒神經(jīng)行為測(cè)定(NBNA)評(píng)分;并對(duì)上述指標(biāo)之間進(jìn)行相關(guān)分析。結(jié)果GDM組母體肘靜脈血清及新生兒臍靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平高于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05)。GDM組新生兒主動(dòng)肌張力、原始反射及NBNA總分高于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05)。GDM組母體肘靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平分別與新生兒臍靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平呈正相關(guān)性(r分別為0.725、0.473,P均<0.05)。GDM組母體肘靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平與NBNA評(píng)分呈負(fù)相關(guān)性(r分別為-0.415、-0.320,P均<0.05)。GDM組新生兒臍靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平與NBNA評(píng)分呈負(fù)相關(guān)性(r分別為-0.294、-0.280,P均<0.05)。結(jié)論GDM母體肘靜脈血清及新生兒臍靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平升高,其與GDM發(fā)生及新生兒早期神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)缺陷均有關(guān)。
妊娠期糖尿病;晚期糖基化終末產(chǎn)物;糖基化終末產(chǎn)物受體;新生兒神經(jīng)行為測(cè)定評(píng)分;新生兒
隨著國(guó)家二胎政策的開(kāi)放,妊娠年齡的增大及人們生活水平的提高,妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的發(fā)病率也呈上升趨勢(shì)[1]。GDM是指妊娠期間首次發(fā)生或發(fā)現(xiàn)的不同程度的糖代謝異常,可以對(duì)孕婦及新生兒造成嚴(yán)重危害。研究[2]表明,GDM孕婦發(fā)生不良結(jié)局的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高于非GDM孕婦。糖基化終末產(chǎn)物(AGE)是通過(guò)蛋白質(zhì)、脂質(zhì)和核酸上的還原糖和N-末端氨基之間的非酶反應(yīng)形成的復(fù)合物組。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),AGE及糖基化終末產(chǎn)物受體(RAGE)水平升高參與了非孕期成人糖尿病的發(fā)病及并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。目前研究表明,GDM孕婦血糖升高和氧化應(yīng)激的增加同樣與血清高AGE濃度相關(guān),而且GDM孕婦血清中高水平的AGE和高級(jí)氧化蛋白產(chǎn)物也可以在其新生兒的臍靜脈血中檢測(cè)到[3]。目前AGE及RAGE與糖尿病發(fā)病的關(guān)系已有大量報(bào)道,而與GDM的發(fā)病及其與新生兒早期神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的關(guān)系研究尚較少。本研究通過(guò)檢測(cè)GDM母體肘靜脈血清及新生兒臍靜脈血清中AGE及RAGE的水平,同時(shí)對(duì)新生兒神經(jīng)行為能力進(jìn)行評(píng)分,探討AGE、RAGE與GDM發(fā)病以及新生兒早期神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的關(guān)系。
1.1 臨床資料 選取2016年4月~2017年4月于華北理工大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院產(chǎn)科住院產(chǎn)檢并分娩的GDM孕婦80例,均符合2010年提出的新GDM診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):自然妊娠、單胎足月活產(chǎn)、孕母年齡20~35歲、無(wú)妊娠期高血壓、妊娠期心臟病等其他妊娠合并癥及并發(fā)癥、孕期唐氏篩查、透明帶掃描及超聲排除畸形等均無(wú)異常、近期無(wú)服用影響神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的藥物史。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):不良生育史、胎兒窘迫或窒息、孕婦有先天性或遺傳性神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)病變。按孕周匹配同期住院分娩糖耐量正常孕婦80例為對(duì)照組。GDM組孕婦的年齡、身高、孕期體質(zhì)量增長(zhǎng)、孕次、產(chǎn)次、分娩孕周分別為(29.25±3.32)歲、(161.88±5.07)cm、(16.44±5.21)kg、(1.76±0.96)次、(1.38±0.51)次、(39.33±0.96)周;正常組孕婦的年齡、身高、孕期體質(zhì)量增長(zhǎng)、孕次、產(chǎn)次、分娩孕周分別為(28.59±3.70)歲、(161.76±5.07)cm、(15.24±4.03)kg、(1.65±1.06)次、(1.25±0.49)次、(39.46±0.99)周。兩組以上各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)比較,P均>0.05。GDM組、正常組新生兒出生體質(zhì)量分別為(3 671.54±557.30)、(3 437.50±372.59)g,兩組比較,P<0.05。
1.2 母體肘靜脈血清及新生兒臍靜脈血清AGE、RAGE水平的檢測(cè) 采用ELISA法。分娩前抽取孕婦空腹肘靜脈血、新生兒娩出后立即抽取臍靜脈靜脈血各3 mL,以3 000 r/min離心10~15 min后,取血清于-80 ℃冰箱保存。復(fù)溶后 2 h 內(nèi)完成檢測(cè)。AGE、 RAGE酶聯(lián)免疫反應(yīng)試劑盒購(gòu)自 R&D 公司。操作步驟嚴(yán)格參照試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)。
1.3 新生兒神經(jīng)行為測(cè)定(NBNA) 由經(jīng)過(guò)專(zhuān)業(yè)培訓(xùn)的人員對(duì)出生3 d的新生兒進(jìn)行NBNA評(píng)分。內(nèi)容包括行為能力(6項(xiàng))、被動(dòng)肌張力(4項(xiàng))、主動(dòng)肌張力(4項(xiàng))、原始反射(3項(xiàng))、一般反應(yīng)(3項(xiàng))。每項(xiàng)評(píng)分分為0分、1分、2分3個(gè)等級(jí),滿(mǎn)分為40分。1周內(nèi)新生兒獲37分以上為正常,低于37分需長(zhǎng)期隨訪,評(píng)分越低,新生兒的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的預(yù)后越差[5]。
2.1 兩組母體肘靜脈血清及新生兒臍靜脈血清AGE、RAGE水平比較 GDM組母體肘靜脈血清及胎兒臍靜脈血清AGE分別為(22.27±26.12)、(19.49±25.52)μg/mL, RAGE分別為(315.03±167.55)、(431.84±317.65)pg/mL;對(duì)照組分別為(11.63±6.48)、(12.34±6.76)μg/mL,(168.28±161.74)、(289.35±230.50)pg/mL。GDM組母體肘靜脈血清及新生兒臍靜脈血清AGE、RAGE水平高于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05)。
2.2 兩組新生兒NBNA評(píng)分比較 GDM組新生兒行為能力、被動(dòng)肌張力、主動(dòng)肌張力、原始反射、一般反應(yīng)評(píng)分及NBNA總分分別為(11.23±0.78)、(7.53±0.59)、(6.16±0.91)、(4.72±0.75)、(5.65±0.51)、(35.46±1.37)分,對(duì)照組分別為(11.31±0.63)、(7.68±0.47)、(7.81±0.93)、(5.95±0.36)、(5.78±0.42)、(38.56±0.78)分。GDM組新生兒主動(dòng)肌張力、原始反射評(píng)分及NBNA總分高于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05)。兩組行為能力、被動(dòng)肌張力、一般反應(yīng)評(píng)分比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05)。
2.3 相關(guān)性分析 GDM組母體肘靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平分別與新生兒臍靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平呈正相關(guān)性(r分別為0.725、0.473,P<0.05)。GDM組母體肘靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平與NBNA評(píng)分呈負(fù)相關(guān)性(r分別為-0.415、-0.320,P均<0.05)。GDM組新生兒臍靜脈血清中AGE、RAGE水平與NBNA評(píng)分呈負(fù)相關(guān)性(r分別為-0.294、-0.280,P均<0.05)。
國(guó)內(nèi)外大量研究表明,機(jī)體暴露于高糖狀態(tài)時(shí),體內(nèi)的AGE產(chǎn)生明顯增多。AGE是由蛋白質(zhì)、核酸、脂質(zhì)等大分子物質(zhì)在無(wú)酶參與條件下,自發(fā)地與葡萄糖或其他還原糖反應(yīng)所生成的。糖尿病狀態(tài)下,機(jī)體高糖及脂質(zhì)代謝增強(qiáng),使體內(nèi)AGE產(chǎn)生增多。RAGE屬于免疫球蛋白超家族的跨膜多元受體組,其活化對(duì)誘導(dǎo)和維持炎癥反應(yīng)至關(guān)重要。RAGE基因位于第6號(hào)染色體上,在主要組織相容性復(fù)合體Ⅲ類(lèi)區(qū)域旁邊,該位置使得RAGE不僅可能作為受體,而且可以參與對(duì)不同類(lèi)型損傷的反應(yīng)[6]。有研究表明,在糖尿病的模型中觀察到的炎癥信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)主要由AGE-RAGE通路介導(dǎo)。RAGE作為AGE目前研究最多的受體,與AGE結(jié)合后可引起氧自由基大量生成[7],氧自由基和膜磷脂、蛋白質(zhì)、核酸等多種細(xì)胞成分發(fā)生反應(yīng),刺激炎性細(xì)胞因子產(chǎn)生,破壞細(xì)胞的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能,造成細(xì)胞損傷。因此糖尿病患者體內(nèi)AGE、RAGE水平增多會(huì)造成機(jī)體的損傷。目前國(guó)內(nèi)關(guān)于AGE、RAGE與GDM關(guān)系的研究較少。本研究結(jié)果顯示,與對(duì)照組相比,GDM組母體肘靜脈血及新生兒臍靜脈血清中AGE及RAGE水平升高,證實(shí)AGE及RAGE參與了GDM的病理生理過(guò)程。同時(shí)本研究結(jié)果還顯示,GDM組母體肘靜脈血與新生兒臍靜脈血中AGE及RAGE水平呈正相關(guān),與目前國(guó)內(nèi)外研究結(jié)果相符合。提示通過(guò)檢測(cè)母體血清AGE、RAGE水平可能可以預(yù)測(cè)胎兒AGE及RAGE水平,對(duì)疾病的早期診斷及干預(yù)具有指導(dǎo)價(jià)值。
近年研究顯示,AGE、RAGE與神經(jīng)功能障礙密切相關(guān)[8]。在阿爾茨海默病及缺血性腦病中,AGE的產(chǎn)生明顯增加。AGE-RAGE通路在糖尿病認(rèn)知功能障礙疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著重要作用[9]。在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中,RAGE主要存在于小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞及血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞表面。有動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,對(duì)糖尿病大鼠行頭顱核磁檢查可見(jiàn)腦萎縮表現(xiàn),同時(shí)在腦萎縮區(qū)域檢測(cè)到RAGE表達(dá)增高。GDM孕婦體內(nèi)的炎癥反應(yīng)增加,會(huì)增加后代神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育障礙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本研究通過(guò)對(duì)出生3 d內(nèi)的新生兒進(jìn)行NBNA評(píng)分,進(jìn)而評(píng)估新生兒遠(yuǎn)期神經(jīng)行為發(fā)育異常的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。結(jié)果顯示,GDM新生兒在出生3 d的NBNA總評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,表明GDM新生兒可能存在患神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)損傷的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Chandna等通過(guò)使用鏈脲霉素建造GDM大鼠,在其子代的腦組織中觀察到RAGE蛋白表達(dá)顯著增加。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外研究結(jié)果,GDM新生兒患神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較同期正常新生兒高,其機(jī)制可能是GDM新生兒體內(nèi)高AGE與特異性受體RAGE結(jié)合,使體內(nèi)氧化應(yīng)激增加,激活NF-κB信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)通路,改變蛋白質(zhì)和細(xì)胞功能,從而導(dǎo)致新生兒神經(jīng)行為障礙。本研究結(jié)果表明,GDM組母體肘靜脈血清中AGE及RAGE水平與NBNA評(píng)分呈負(fù)相關(guān),GDM組新生兒血清中AGE、RAGE水平與NBNA評(píng)分呈負(fù)相關(guān),提示臍靜脈血清中AGE及RAGE水平的升高與NBNA總評(píng)分的降低具有相關(guān)性。因此推測(cè)通過(guò)檢測(cè)母體肘靜脈血清及新生兒臍靜脈血清中AGE及RAGE水平,可能會(huì)從一定程度上預(yù)測(cè)胎兒近期神經(jīng)行為障礙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),為疾病的早期預(yù)防與干預(yù)提供一定理論依據(jù)。
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ChangesandsignificanceofAGEandRAGEinvenousandumbilicalveinserumofpregnantwomenwithGDM
SHAOTing1,XINGJun,ZHOUJianli,CAOJiayu,ZHAOXiulan
(1TheAffiliatedHospitalofNorthChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Tangshan063000,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and its receptor (RAGE) in the venous and umbilical vein serum of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and its relationships with the onset of GDM and the development of early neonatal nervous system.MethodsEighty cases of GDM pregnant women (group GDM) were selected, and 80 cases of pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance in the same period of hospital delivery and the same gestational age were selected as the control group. The levels of AGE and RAGE in the maternal and neonatal umbilical vein serum were detected by ELISA in two groups. The neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA) scores were measured at 72 h after neonatal birth. The correlation between these indexes was analyzed.ResultsThe levels of AGE and RAGE in the maternal serum and neonatal umbilical vein serum of the GDM group were higher than those in the control group (allP<0.05). The neonatal active muscle tension, primitive reflex, and NBNA total score were higher in the GDM group than in the control group (allP<0.05). The levels of AGE and RAGE in the maternal serum of the GDM group were positively correlated with AGE and RAGE levels in the umbilical vein serum of neonates (r=0.725, 0.473; bothP<0.05). The levels of AGE and RAGE in the maternal serum of the GDM group were negatively correlated with NBNA score (r=-0.415,-0.320; bothP<0.05). The levels of AGE and RAGE in the neonatal umbilical vein serum of the GDM group were negatively correlated with NBNA score (r=-0.294,-0.280; bothP<0.05).ConclusionThe levels of AGE and RAGE in the GDM maternal vein serum and neonatal umbilical vein serum increase, which are related to the occurrence of GDM and the early neurological deficits of newborns.
gestational diabetes mellitus; advanced glycation end products; receptor for advanced glycation end products; neonatal behavioral neurological assessment score; neonatal
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2017.45.008
R714.25
A
1002-266X(2017)45-0028-03
河北省醫(yī)學(xué)適用跟蹤項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃 (GL201646)。
邵婷(1992-),女,碩士,主要研究方向?yàn)閲a(chǎn)醫(yī)學(xué)。E-mail:857496128@qq.com
邢軍(1966-),女,博士,教授,主要研究方向?yàn)閲a(chǎn)醫(yī)學(xué)、婦科腫瘤。E-mail:mdxj2012@163.com
2017-08-06)