胡揚(yáng)朋
一、寫信
【寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥】
英文書信由“稱呼、正文、結(jié)束語、署名”組成。
1. 稱呼是對(duì)收信人的稱謂。在信內(nèi)地址下面一兩行處頂格寫起,自成一行。末尾用逗號(hào)或冒號(hào)。 當(dāng)給一位熟悉的人寫信時(shí)可以用Dear 或My Dear。當(dāng)給一位你不知婚否的女性寫信時(shí),可以用Ms.,指“××女士”。 在給不熟悉的人寫信時(shí),可以用Dear Sir / Madam等。
2. 正文是一封信的主體部分。通常在稱呼的下一行寫出。正文可采用齊頭式或縮進(jìn)式的方法。齊頭式是每段開頭一行和后面行并齊??s進(jìn)式是指每段的第一行向右縮進(jìn)幾個(gè)字母。信箋講究簡(jiǎn)潔、效率。開頭幾句簡(jiǎn)單的寒暄后就進(jìn)入正題,在結(jié)尾處要有祝愿和敬語。
常用的開頭語有:
I have received your letter of July 1st. 我已經(jīng)收到你在7月1 日的來信。
I have the pleasure to tell you that … 我很高興告訴你……
I am very much delighted to receive your letter. 非常高興收到你的來信。
常用的結(jié)束套話有:
I am looking forward to hearing from you. 盼早日回信。
Wish best regards. 謹(jǐn)致問候。
Thank you for your help! 感謝你的幫助!
Wish my best wishes for your success. 祝你成功。
3. 結(jié)束語在正文之后隔一兩行的右下方。開頭字母用大寫,以后的字母用小寫,最后一個(gè)詞后面用逗號(hào)。常用的結(jié)束語有:一般非正式的關(guān)系可以用 Yours sincerely,Yours truly;親密的關(guān)系可以用Love,Yours love等。
4. 署名寫在結(jié)束語的下面。
【真題再現(xiàn)】
(2016年荊州卷)假設(shè)你是李雷,昨天你參與了學(xué)校值日。請(qǐng)寫一封信向校長(zhǎng)匯報(bào)你值日時(shí)的所見所聞,并提出改進(jìn)建議。要點(diǎn)如下:
要求:
1. 可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮,信中不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱;
2. 語言通順,意思連貫,條理清楚,書寫規(guī)范;
3. 詞數(shù):80左右。書信的開頭和結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Headmaster,
I was on duty yesterday. _______________ ______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely,
Li Lei
提示:
1. 正文中的“值日見聞”談?wù)撨^去發(fā)生的事,須用一般過去時(shí);建議”部分可用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should或一般將來時(shí)敘述。
2. 寫作過程中可能用到的句型與短語:throw rubbish everywhere; make noises (speak quite loudly); fight with each other; forget to turn off等。
【參考范文】
Dear Headmaster,
I was on duty yesterday. Now Im writing to tell you that the school was untidy. Some students threw rubbish everywhere. Some students drew on the wall. I also found that some girls walked on the grass and picked flowers. During break time many students ate too much junk food. Many boys spoke quite loudly and fought with each other. After school, some students forgot to turn off the lights when leaving the classroom. Whats more, a few students even rode their bicycles on the playground. I think we should make rules to change the situation and care about the environment, and then our school will become more beautiful.
Sincerely,
Li Lei
二、寫回信
【寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥】
寫回信首先要緊扣“來信”中所提出的問題,進(jìn)行有針對(duì)性的答復(fù)。
1. 開頭通常寫出收到來信的時(shí)間或收到來信時(shí)的心情。常用句型有:I got your letter yesterday. / I received your letter of Oct. 14. / I am glad to hear from you.
2. 如果來信中對(duì)方有告訴你好消息或壞消息,回信中常要用I am glad to hear that … / I am sorry to hear that …
3. 回答來信中的問題時(shí),可以開門見山地直接回答,也可以在回答問題前先說“Let me tell you something about … / Here is my answer.”等。
【真題再現(xiàn)】
(2016年安徽卷)假定你是李華,你的美國(guó)朋友Jack來信,說他暑假期間要來中國(guó)交流學(xué)習(xí),他學(xué)了兩年中文,但是仍然擔(dān)心用中文交流時(shí)會(huì)遇到困難。請(qǐng)你用英語給Jack寫封回信,提幾點(diǎn)建議。要點(diǎn)如下:
1. 大膽自信;
2. 放慢語速;
3. 借助圖畫或肢體語言等表達(dá)方式。
注意:
1. 詞數(shù)80~100;
2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),以使行文連貫;
3. 信中不能再現(xiàn)與本人相關(guān)的信息;
4. 開頭與結(jié)尾已為你寫好,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
參考詞匯:自信的confident;肢體語言body language
Dear Jack,
How is everything going? I am very glad to learn that you are coming to China this summer. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
提示:
1. 這篇作文要求Li Hua回復(fù)Jack的來信,幫助他克服用中文交流時(shí)所遇到的困難,考生要切記題目所給的三個(gè)建議。
2. 羅列要點(diǎn)時(shí)可用First,Second,Third或Whats more(然而/還有)等。
3. 重點(diǎn)短語與句型:worry about; be brave enough to do sth.; communicate with; be confident about; speak slowly and clearly等。
【參考范文】
Dear Jack,
How is everything going? I am very glad to learn that you are coming to China this summer. Its not necessary to worry about your Chinese. Id like to share my ideas, which I think might help.
First, be brave enough to speak Chinese when you communicate with others. Its of great importance to be confident about yourself. We Chinese are very friendly so you neednt be afraid of making any mistakes. Second, its better to speak slowly and clearly. In this way you can make yourself understood more easily. Whats more, sometimes you can use drawing or pictures, and as you know, body language is also widely used across cultures and very often it really works.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
三、寫電子郵件
【寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥】
1. 將對(duì)方的郵箱地址填寫到“To”后的空格里。
2. 將郵件主題填寫到“Subject”后的空格里。
如果所給信息中沒有給出具體的主題內(nèi)容,則需要根據(jù)信息中的主要內(nèi)容自己編寫主題。編寫主題時(shí)通常只用一兩個(gè)或很少的幾個(gè)單詞概括,第一個(gè)字母用大寫形式。如: Request (請(qǐng)求); Reply (回復(fù));Congratulations (祝賀);Apologies (道歉);Invitation (邀請(qǐng));Important notes (重要提示)。
3. 試題中,電子郵件的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)常以漢語提示的形式出現(xiàn)。我們?cè)趯懽鲿r(shí)首先必須弄清提示的主旨大意,然后緊緊圍繞其主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行表述,將要點(diǎn)寫全。有時(shí)可根據(jù)行文需要適當(dāng)增加相關(guān)內(nèi)容,使上下文過渡自然。
【真題再現(xiàn)】
(2016年包頭卷)假設(shè)你是Li Hua,請(qǐng)你用英文給你校外教Jim發(fā)一封電子郵件,主要內(nèi)容包括:
1. 今天下午,你上體育課時(shí)傷了左腳,明天不能去上他的課。
2. 邀請(qǐng)他參加下周的英語俱樂部活動(dòng)。
時(shí)間: 下周五下午4點(diǎn)
地點(diǎn): 初三(一)班
活動(dòng)內(nèi)容: 用英文討論暑假計(jì)劃,并希望他能給同學(xué)們一些如何提高英語的建議。
3. 如果有問題,可以打電話或發(fā)電子郵件聯(lián)系。
注意:
1. 文中不得出現(xiàn)涉及有關(guān)考生真實(shí)信息的人名、地名或校名;
2. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié),使行文連貫;
3. 詞數(shù)70~110,開頭、結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
Im Li Hua, one of the students in your spoken English class. _____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
提示:
1.用第一人稱敘述。
2. 重點(diǎn)句型與短語:Im sorry to tell you that …; The reason why I ask for leave is that …; invite sb. to do sth.; talk about; give some advice on how to do sth.等。
3. 正文下方可加上結(jié)尾語:Im looking forward to your early reply.
【參考范文】
Dear Jim,
Im Li Hua, one of the students in your spoken English class. Im sorry to tell you that I cant go to your class tomorrow. The reason why I ask for leave is that I hurt my left foot in the P.E. class this afternoon.
Besides, Id like to invite you to join in the activity in our English club next Friday. Itll start at 4 p.m. in Class 1, Grade 3. Well talk about the plan for the coming summer vacation in English. And well be very glad if you can give us some advice on how to improve our English. Call me or send me an email if you have any questions.
Im looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
四、寫留言條
【寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥】
留言條的特點(diǎn)在于簡(jiǎn)潔,書寫格式類似于書信,但較為簡(jiǎn)單、隨便。另外省略現(xiàn)象也比較常見。一般來說不必寫明地點(diǎn),可寫年、月、日或星期幾,在多數(shù)情況下還要寫明具體時(shí)間(幾點(diǎn)幾分);時(shí)間(在前)與日期(在后)就寫在稱呼上一行的右上角,這與漢語留言條的位置不同。結(jié)尾語可省略。若加上結(jié)尾詞,其位置與書信相同,常用Sincerely,Yours等;署名在結(jié)尾下面。
常用的句型有:Would you please …? / We are (I am) going to … / Shall I …? / Please … / Dont ...
【真題再現(xiàn)】
(2016年齊齊哈爾卷)假定你是 Bob, 打算和你的同學(xué) Jack去看上海隊(duì)與山東隊(duì)之間的足球比賽。你去他家送票。他不在,請(qǐng)你就以下內(nèi)容寫一則留言。(40詞左右)
1. 足球賽今晚6:30開始。
2. 你在紅達(dá)體育場(chǎng)(Hongda Stadium)門口等他。
3. 坐13路車可到達(dá)體育場(chǎng)。
Dear Jack,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Bob
【參考范文】
Dear Jack,
We are going to watch a football match between Shanghai and Shandong this evening. The match will start at Hongda Stadium at 6:30 p.m.
You may take the No. 13 bus to get there. I will wait for you at the gate of the stadium.
Bob
提示:
1. 作文所給要點(diǎn)主要談?wù)搶⒁l(fā)生的事,須用一般將來時(shí)敘述。
2. 重要短語:between … and …; take the No. 13 bus; wait for; at the gate of。
五、寫日記
【寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥】
1. 日記的格式包括日期、天氣和正文三部分。
日期:位于正文以上一、二行,一般有星期和具體日期,星期在前,日期在后,有時(shí)也可以直接寫明日期。如:(Friday) 2nd September, 2016或 (Friday) September 2nd, 2016。
天氣:與日期同行。常用到sunny,rainy,cloudy,foggy,windy,snowy等形容詞。
正文:正文的第一段一般與日期對(duì)齊,另起一段應(yīng)向右移動(dòng)3至5個(gè)字母。
2. 由于日記通常是敘述自己當(dāng)天所做的事或所見所聞,因此常用一般過去時(shí)。
【真題再現(xiàn)】
(2016年廣州卷)五四青年節(jié)那天,你參加了學(xué)校組織的志愿者活動(dòng)。你的英語老師要求你寫一則英文日志,包括以下要點(diǎn):
1. 時(shí)間:2016年5月4日。
2. 地點(diǎn):廣東博物館。
3. 內(nèi)容:
七年級(jí)學(xué)生:當(dāng)導(dǎo)游,帶參觀者到不同展館;
八年級(jí)學(xué)生:表演短劇,介紹廣州歷史;
九年級(jí)學(xué)生:制作海報(bào),幫助人們了解嶺南文化。
4. 意義(活動(dòng)對(duì)你個(gè)人和社會(huì)的意義)。
注意:
1. 參考詞匯:展館(display room)、海報(bào)(poster)。
2. 詞數(shù):80左右(日記的開頭已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。
3. 不得透露學(xué)校、姓名等任何個(gè)人信息,否則不予評(píng)分。
Wednesday, May 4th, 2016
Dear Diary,
I went to the Guangdong Museum with my schoolmates to do some voluntary work today. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
提示:
1. 全文的要點(diǎn)包括活動(dòng)內(nèi)容和活動(dòng)意義。其中,題目對(duì)活動(dòng)內(nèi)容已經(jīng)給出詳細(xì)的文字提示,考生需要做好內(nèi)容翻譯。相比之下,題目中活動(dòng)意義沒有直接提示,這就要求考生對(duì)志愿者活動(dòng)有一定的認(rèn)識(shí),且需要自行組織語言,難度較大。
2. 全文用到兩種時(shí)態(tài),敘述活動(dòng)內(nèi)容采用一般過去時(shí),而評(píng)價(jià)活動(dòng)意義則采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
【參考范文】
Wednesday, May 4th, 2016
Dear Diary,
I went to the Guangdong Museum with my schoolmates to do some voluntary work today. Students from three grades took part in it and worked as different roles. Students of Grade Seven worked as the guides who took visitors to different rooms. And those of Grade Eight played a short opera, introducing Guangzhou history to tourists. As for students of Grade Nine, they made beautiful posters which helped people know Lingnan Culture better.
In my opinion, it is of great help to hold such activities. On one hand, it is a good chance for us students to develop a sense of responsibility as well as our work ability. On the other hand, the history and culture can be passed on from one generation to another.
六、寫發(fā)言稿
【寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥】
發(fā)言稿一般由稱呼語、正文和結(jié)束語三部分組成。
開頭時(shí)對(duì)聽眾的稱呼語:如在班級(jí)或?qū)W校,常用“Hello, boys and girls!”;如在公共場(chǎng)所,常用“Hello, everyone! / Ladies and gentlemen”。
發(fā)言稿正文常分為三部分:
1. 開門見山地提出要談的問題及對(duì)問題的看法。
2. 說明理由??梢赃\(yùn)用first, second (then), third, last (finally) 等表示順序的詞語進(jìn)行串連,也可以運(yùn)用 too, also, besides, whats more等詞語“上串下連”。
3. 照應(yīng)開頭,總結(jié)全文。可以對(duì)全文進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)明扼要的總結(jié),也可以談自己的感想、看法或期望。結(jié)尾要簡(jiǎn)潔,不要拉拉扯扯,說個(gè)沒完。最普通的結(jié)尾就是:Thats all. Thank you. / Thank you very much for your attention。
在寫作時(shí),我們要注意多用實(shí)詞、短句,少用結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句,條理要清晰,語言要簡(jiǎn)潔。
【真題再現(xiàn)】
(2016年福州卷)你的學(xué)校正在開展“誠(chéng)信”教育,英語俱樂部為配合這次活動(dòng)將舉行一次演講比賽。請(qǐng)根據(jù)下表所提示的要點(diǎn),寫一篇演講稿。
[朋友李雷 愛踢足球,玩游戲,考試舞弊,學(xué)習(xí)退步,不被信任 你的觀點(diǎn) 誠(chéng)信考試,獨(dú)立完成作業(yè),說實(shí)話,做誠(chéng)實(shí)孩子
(請(qǐng)補(bǔ)充一點(diǎn)) ]
要求:
1. 短文應(yīng)包括表格中的所有內(nèi)容,可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮;
2. 詞數(shù)90左右,不包含已給出句子的詞數(shù);
3. 演講稿中不得出現(xiàn)你的真實(shí)姓名和校名。
參考詞匯:cheat in the exam;fall behind (落后)
Hello, everyone! Its a great honor to give a speech here. _____________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
提示:
1. 這是一篇有關(guān)“誠(chéng)信”的演講稿,介紹朋友李雷,以及談?wù)勛约旱挠^點(diǎn)。時(shí)態(tài)主要為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),人稱主要為第一、三人稱。
2. 談?wù)撟约旱挠^點(diǎn)時(shí)可用I think we should …; We ought to do sth.; Wed better try our best to do sth. 等句型。
【參考范文】
Hello, everyone! Its a great honor to give a speech here. Id like to tell you something about my friend Li Lei. He likes playing football and he also likes computer games. To get good grades, he often cheats in the exams. As a result,he gradually falls behind other students. Whats worse, he isnt trusted by others.
So I think we should be honest in the exams. And its important to do homework by ourselves. We ought to tell the truth and be honest students. If we promise to do something, wed better try our best to keep the promise.
Thats all. Thank you for listening!
七、寫通知
【寫作技巧點(diǎn)撥】
在英語里,通知可分為口頭通知和書面通知兩種。
1. 口頭通知
口頭通知的開頭往往要有稱呼語,如Boys and girls,Ladies and gentlemen等,或用提醒聽眾注意的詞語和句子,如“(Your) Attention, please!”“May I have your attention, please?”等。通知的最后也可以說聲“Thank you (for listening)!”,以表示禮貌。
2. 書面通知
書面通知常常張貼在明顯的位置,為使讀者能清楚地看見,標(biāo)題的每個(gè)字母可以用大寫(如NOTICE)。通知的發(fā)布單位可以放在NOTICE上方或前面,也可以作為通知的落款,寫在通知正文后的右下角。通知的發(fā)布日期可以寫在通知正文的右上角(在NOTICE的下一行),也可以寫在落款的下一行。
無論是口頭通知還是書面通知,正文要求公布的信息準(zhǔn)確無誤,特別是時(shí)間與地點(diǎn)信息,行文要簡(jiǎn)明扼要。
【真題再現(xiàn)】
(2016年深圳卷)近年來,越來越多的外籍人士融入深圳社區(qū)生活。假設(shè)你的小區(qū)也居住著這樣一個(gè)群體,社區(qū)委員會(huì)為豐富他們的生活,計(jì)劃在下周六專為外籍人士安排一次采摘荔枝活動(dòng),請(qǐng)你幫忙用英文寫一份書面通知,傳達(dá)給他們。
要點(diǎn):
1. 下周六上午8:00在北門集合,乘大巴去“幸福農(nóng)場(chǎng)”采摘荔枝,下午4:30返回。
2. 享受鄉(xiāng)村自然美景,感受干農(nóng)活的樂趣。
3. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谙轮芩南挛?:00前去辦公室報(bào)名。
4. 你可以帶上……;另外……
注意:
1. 詞數(shù):80左右(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出,不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。
2. 文章必須包含所有提示內(nèi)容,并可作適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。
3. 不得出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和校名。
4. 條理清楚,語句通順,意思連貫,書寫規(guī)范。
參考詞匯:荔枝lychee;報(bào)名sign ones name;幸福農(nóng)場(chǎng)Happy Farm
NOTICE
June 25th
In order to enrich the life of the residents (居民), the Community Union is going to organize a special activity for next Saturday.
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Wish you a wonderful time!
The Community Union
提示:
1. 這是一篇書面通知,要重點(diǎn)寫清楚通知的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及注意事項(xiàng),最后一個(gè)要點(diǎn)需要自己補(bǔ)充,根據(jù)提示可使用can,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
2. 時(shí)態(tài)主要用一般將來時(shí)。
3. 重點(diǎn)短語與句型:organize a bus trip to somewhere; have fun doing sth.等。
【參考范文】
NOTICE
June 25th
In order to enrich the life of the residents (居民), the Community Union is going to organize a special activity for next Saturday.
We have organized a bus trip to Happy Farm for foreigners, where we plan to pick lychee. We will gather at the North Gate at 8 a.m. and return at 4:30 p.m. next Saturday. During the trip, we can appreciate natural scenery in the countryside and have fun in farming work. Of course, you can take an umbrella so as not to get sunburnt. Besides, your safety should be taken into consideration.
Sign your name in our office before 6 p.m. next Thursday if you are interested.
Wish you a wonderful time!
The Community Union