山東 逄琳琳
練偵探之眼 解完形之疑
山東 逄琳琳
很多同學(xué)特別喜歡夏洛克系列電影,對(duì)于神探夏洛克神乎其神的破案技能非常膜拜。事實(shí)上,做完形填空也如偵探破案,需要根據(jù)蛛絲馬跡步步推敲,全面考量,才能真正將一篇完形填空做得十分成功。接下來(lái)本文將分三部分來(lái)幫你練就偵探之眼,解決完形之疑。
在完形填空中,我們一定會(huì)碰到好多難以抉擇的題目。這種情況下,是應(yīng)該仔細(xì)觀察選項(xiàng),選一個(gè)自己覺(jué)得最有可能的,還是隨便碰運(yùn)氣蒙一個(gè)呢?對(duì)于神探夏洛克來(lái)說(shuō),勘察周邊案發(fā)現(xiàn)場(chǎng),找到可能的案發(fā)線索才是應(yīng)該做的。同理,同學(xué)們此時(shí)也不要緊盯著選項(xiàng),而是在設(shè)空的周圍發(fā)現(xiàn)有價(jià)值的提示。事實(shí)上,每個(gè)設(shè)題人在此處設(shè)題絕非空穴來(lái)風(fēng),也就是說(shuō)每個(gè)空的設(shè)置必須建立在一定的依據(jù)之上。這個(gè)依據(jù)就是有價(jià)值的線索。一般會(huì)有三種線索:句內(nèi)線索,段內(nèi)線索和文內(nèi)線索。相對(duì)應(yīng)地,我們有三種方法,即句內(nèi)聯(lián)系,段內(nèi)聯(lián)系和文內(nèi)聯(lián)系來(lái)解決這類題目。
句內(nèi)聯(lián)系:
【考例1】(2016?全國(guó)卷I)Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work.
56.A.stepped forward B.backed off
C.moved on D.set out
【解析】56題,根據(jù)上文 fire and emergency people arrived ,可判斷出56空后them指代以上人員,那么Larry和原先營(yíng)救的那人最好是back off(后撤),不耽誤消防急救人員干正事。完全憑句內(nèi)信息就可搞定。
【考例2】(2016?全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller 30 going over a fence—which wasn’t 31 to climb if you had both arms.
30.A.stuck B.hurt
C.tired D.lost
31.A.steady B.hard
C.fun D.fit
【解析】30題的選擇需仔細(xì)分析句中g(shù)oing over a fence ,知道是翻越籬笆時(shí)stuck(卡?。┝耍瑂tuck是stick的過(guò)去式,故選A;31題,因?yàn)閣hich指代前面going over a fence,可知這事在有雙手的情況下是不難的,故選B。這兩個(gè)題的選擇均需認(rèn)真分析句內(nèi)的提示線索going over a fence,才能選出正確答案。
段內(nèi)聯(lián)系:
【考例1】(2016?全國(guó)卷I)Then, Larry asked the 57 if he was needed or 58 to go.They let him and the other man go.
57.A.woman B.police
C.man D.driver
58.A.forbidden B.ready
C.asked D.free
【解析】57題,根據(jù)上句them的指代,很容易選出police,那么58題后的句子主語(yǔ)是指警察,所以58空后句是指警察讓他們離開(kāi),據(jù)此推測(cè)58題應(yīng)是Larry問(wèn)是否還需要他還是準(zhǔn)他自由離開(kāi)。
【考例2】(2016?全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for 23 .
23.A.practice B.show
C.comfort D.pleasure
【解析】23題做題時(shí)如果只盯著四個(gè)選項(xiàng)看是找不出正確答案的。應(yīng)該理解上句,足球賽季開(kāi)始了,all summer long I worked out(一整個(gè)夏天我一直鍛煉),所以我每到一處都帶著足球來(lái)練習(xí),故選A。該正確選項(xiàng)的選擇是根據(jù)本段內(nèi)上句提供的信息做出的,段內(nèi)聯(lián)系的重要性可見(jiàn)一斑。
文內(nèi)聯(lián)系:
【考例1】(2017?濰坊一模) A middle-aged man named Douglas lives alone on the fourth floor of an apartment building.He keeps offhis 41 , never saying hello to anyone.He leaves his 42 out in the hallway.He 43 complains about all the inconvenience cause by his neighbors,...
...
...As they talk, he 56 that he and his wife got a divorce a year ago.He has been so heartbroken that he has been 57 to everyone he knows.
57.A.strange B.rude
C.normal D.polite
【解析】57題的選擇不是在本句和本段當(dāng)中查找線索就可得出的,而是需要聯(lián)系第一段當(dāng)中他對(duì)于朋友的種種表現(xiàn),如各種抱怨,從不問(wèn)好,亂扔垃圾等。由第一段的各種情況可知對(duì)待認(rèn)識(shí)的人都是非常rude(粗魯?shù)?。由此我們知道,很多題目的選擇必須聯(lián)系到全文,這就要求同學(xué)們要有全局意識(shí),不可斷章取義。
【考 例2】(2016?北京卷)They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana.From there,dogeled(狗拉雪橇 )drivers—known as “mushers”—would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力).
The race began on January 27.The first musher, Shannon,picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.
44.A.air B.rail
C.sea D.road
【解析】當(dāng)我們讀完44題所在的一段時(shí),我們并沒(méi)有找到相關(guān)的聯(lián)系,所以暫時(shí)不做選擇,往下讀,然后我們?cè)谙乱欢伟l(fā)現(xiàn)了picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana,train 和地點(diǎn)at Nenana提醒我們44題藥物是先經(jīng)由火車運(yùn)到Nenana,再由狗拉雪橇運(yùn)到Nome的,故44題選B.rail(鐵軌)。由此可見(jiàn)沉得住氣,找到文中的關(guān)聯(lián)線索可以攻克好多難關(guān)。
偵探到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí),必須仔細(xì)勘察現(xiàn)場(chǎng),以期會(huì)找到許多關(guān)鍵物證如頭發(fā)、腳印、血液等。這些都是指認(rèn)犯罪嫌疑人的重要證據(jù)。在完形填空這個(gè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng),也有一些特別需要注意的詞,它們往往是我們判定某一選項(xiàng)的重要依據(jù)。這些重要的詞如 and, or,even, but, however,instead of , so,therefore, what’s more 等。認(rèn)真體會(huì)這些詞的意義,很多設(shè)空出現(xiàn)在這些詞的前后。揣摩比較這些詞前后的詞或句子的意義,做題時(shí)往往會(huì)有事半功倍的效果。
【考 例1】(2016?四川卷)Lainey finished third grade.She had good grades and could read 41 grade level,but she did not like to read.
41.A.within B.on
C.to D.above
【解析】很顯然41題的選擇,必須考慮要和and 前She had good grades 構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系且和but后的句子構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,這才能使得整個(gè)句子通順。所以必須是成績(jī)好且閱讀能力在年級(jí)水平以上但又不喜歡閱讀,故選D,可見(jiàn)分析這些重點(diǎn)提示詞的作用是何等重要了。
【考例2】(2017?濰坊一模)...when Catherine and David, the couple living next door, have a baby.Instead of saying congratulations, he 46 his concern about his own sleep.
46.A.shares B.avoids
C.expresses D.expects
【解析】由上文可知鄰居家有小孩,他理應(yīng)祝賀,結(jié)果他不但沒(méi)有祝賀,而是表達(dá)了對(duì)于自己睡眠質(zhì)量的擔(dān)憂。其中instead of(而不是)在此句中對(duì)46題的選擇意義重大。
須知,聰明如夏洛克這樣的偵探也并非不食人間煙火。偵探破案也必須有一般人應(yīng)有的常識(shí),然后依據(jù)這個(gè)常識(shí)來(lái)推斷犯罪嫌疑人的可能做法。有些完形填空中的題目我們必須有一般人應(yīng)有的常識(shí)才能做出正確的判斷。
【考例】(2017?濰坊一模)He constantly complains about all the inconvenience caused by his neighbours, even getting upset when Catherine and David, the couple living next door, have a baby.Instead of saying 45 , he expresses his concern about his own sleep.
45. A.yes B.no
C.thanks D.congratulations
【解析】很多同學(xué)不知道45題如何選擇,事實(shí)上這是欠缺常識(shí)的表現(xiàn)。因?yàn)樯暇涞奶崾臼青従佑辛薭aby,而此時(shí)一般人的反應(yīng)必是說(shuō)恭喜了,故選D。由此可見(jiàn)常識(shí)欠缺害人不淺。
綜上,如果同學(xué)們?cè)谧鐾晷翁羁諘r(shí)能夠像偵探夏洛克一樣沉住氣,仔細(xì)查找可能的線索,認(rèn)真分析已知的材料,對(duì)關(guān)鍵的提示詞有相當(dāng)?shù)陌盐?,在生活中不斷積累常識(shí),相信你一定可以成為出色的完形填空高手。
山東省高密市第三中學(xué))